# Dictionary

Topic: Scow
Definition:
SCOW, n.
A large flat bottomed boat; used as a ferry boat, or for loading and unloading vessels.  [A word in good use in New England.
SCOW, v.t.  To transport in a scow.


Topic: Scowl
Definition:
SCOWL, v.i.  [Gr. to twist.]
1.  To wrinkle the brows, as in frowning or displeasure; to put on a frowning look; to look sour, sullen, severe or angry.
She scowl'd and frown'd with froward countenance.
2.  To look gloomy, frowning, dark or tempestuous; as the scowling heavens.
SCOWL, v.t.  To drive with a scowl or frowns.
SCOWL, n.
1.  The wrinkling of the brows in frowning; the expression of displeasure, sullenness or discontent in the countenance.
2.  Gloom; dark or rude aspect; as of the heavens.


Topic: Scowling
Definition:
SCOWL'ING, ppr.  contracting the brows into wrinkles; frowning; expressing displeasure or sullenness.


Topic: Scrabble
Definition:
SCRAB'BLE, v.i.  [L. scribo, Eng. grave, engrave, &c.  See Scrape.]
1.  To scrape, paw or scratch with the hands; to move along on the hands and knees by clawing with the hands; to scramble; as, to scrabble up a cliff or a tree.  [a word in common popular use in New England, but not elegant.]
2.  To make irregular or crooked marks; as, children scrabble when they begin to write; hence, to make irregular and unmeaning marks.
David - scrabbled on the doors of the gate.  1Sam. 21.
SCRAB'BLE, v.t.  To mark with irregular lines or letters; as, to scrabble paper.


Topic: Scrag
Definition:
SCRAG, n.  [This word is formed from the root of rag, crag,  Gr. rack.]
Something thin or lean with roughness.  A raw boned person is called a scrag, but the word is vulgar.


Topic: Scragginess
Definition:
SCRAG'GINESS, n.  Leanness, or leanness with roughness; ruggedness; roughness occasioned by broken irregular points.


Topic: Scraggy
Definition:
SCRAG'GY, a.  [supra.]
1.  Rough with irregular points or a broken surface; as a scraggy hill; a scragged back bone.
2.  Lean with roughness.


Topic: Scramble
Definition:
SCRAM'BLE, v.i.  [It is not improbably that this word is corrupted from the root of scrape, scrabble.]
1.  To move or climb by seizing objects with the hand, and drawing the body forward; as, to scramble up a cliff.
2.  To seize or catch eagerly at any thing that is desired; to catch with haste preventive of another; to catch at without ceremony.  Man originally was obliged to scramble with wild beasts for nuts and acorns.
Of other care they little reck'ning make, than how to scramble at the shearer's feast.
SCRAM'BLE, n.
1.  An eager contest for something, in which one endeavors to get the thing before another.
The scarcity of money enhances the price and increases the scramble.
2.  The act of climbing by the help of the hands.


Topic: Scrambling
Definition:
SCRAM'BLING, ppr.
1.  Climbing by the help of the hands.
2.  Catching at eagerly and without ceremony.
SCRAM'BLING, n.  
1.  The act of climbing by the help of the hands.
2.  The act of seizing or catching at with eager haste and without ceremony.


Topic: Scranch
Definition:
SCR'ANCH, v.t.
To grind with the teeth, and with a crackling sound; to craunch.  [This is in vulgar use in America.]


Topic: Scrap
Definition:
SCRAP, n.  [from scrape.]
1.  A small piece; properly something scraped off, but used for any thing cut off; a fragment; a crumb; as scraps of meat.
2.  A part; a detached piece; as scraps of history or poetry; scraps of antiquity; scraps of authors.
3.  A small piece of paper.  [If used for script, it is improper.]


Topic: Scrape
Definition:
SCRAPE, v.t.  [L. scribo, Gr. to write.  See Grave.]
1.  To rub the surface of any thing with a sharp or rough instrument, or with something hard; as, to scrap the floor; to scrape a vessel for cleaning it; to scrape the earth; to scrape the body.  Job 2.
2.  To clean by scraping.  Lev. 14.
3.  To remove or take off by rubbing.
I will also scrape her dust from her, and make her like the top of a rock.  Ezek. 26.
4.  To act upon the surface with a grating noise.
The chiming clocks to dinner call; a hundred footsteps scrape the marble hall.
To scrape off, to remove by scraping; to clear away by rubbing.
To scrape together, to gather by close industry or small gains or savings; as, to scrape together a good estate.
SCRAPE, v.i.
1.  To make a harsh noise.
2.  To play awkwardly on a violin.
3.  To make an awkward bow.
To scrape acquaintance, to make one's self acquainted; to curry favor.  [A low phrase introduced from the practice of scraping in bowing.]
SCRAPE, n.
1.  A rubbing.
2.  The sound of the foot drawn over the floor.
3.  A bow.
4.  Difficulty; perplexity; distress; that which harasses.  [A low word.]


Topic: Scraped
Definition:
SCRA'PED, pp.  Rubbed on the surface with a sharp or rough instrument; cleaned by rubbing; cleared away by scraping.


Topic: Scraper
Definition:
SCRA'PER, n.
1.  An instrument with which any thing is scraped; as a scraper for shoes.
2.  An instrument drawn by oxen or horses, and used for scraping earth in making or repairing roads, digging cellars, canals, &c.
3.  An instrument having two or three sides or edges, for cleaning the planks, masts or decks of a ship, &c.
4.  A miser; one who gathers property by penurious diligence and small savings; a scrape-penny.
5.  An awkward fiddler.


Topic: Scraping
Definition:
SCRA'PING, ppr.  Rubbing the surface with something sharp or hard; cleaning by a scraper; removing by rubbing; playing awkwardly on a violin.


Topic: Scrat
Definition:
SCRAT, v.t.  [formed on the root of L. rado.]  To scratch.  [Not in use.]
SCRAT, v.i.  To rake; to search.  [Not in use.]
SCRAT, n.  An hermaphrodite.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Scratch
Definition:
SCRATCH, v.t.  [L. rado.]
1.  To rub and tear the surface of any thing with something sharp or ragged; as, to scratch the cheeks with the nails; to scratch the earth with a rake; to scratch the hands or face by riding or running among briers.
A sort of small sand-colored stones, so hard as to scratch glass.
2.  To wound slightly.
3.  To rub with the nails.
Be mindful, when invention fails, to scratch your head and bite your nails.
4.  To write or draw awkwardly; as, to scratch out a pamphlet.  [Not in use.]
5.  To dig or excavate with the claws.  Some animals scratch holes in which they burrow.
To scratch out, to ease; to rub out; to obliterate.
SCRATCH, v.i.  To use the claws in tearing the surface.  The gallinaceous hen scratches for her chickens.
- Dull tame things that will neither bite nor scratch.
SCRATCH, n.
1.  A rent; a break in the surface of a thing made by scratching, or by rubbing with any thing pointed or ragged; as a scratch on timber or glass.
The coarse file - makes deep scratches in the work.
These nails with scratches shall deform my breast.
2.  A slight wound.
Heav'n forbid a shallow scratch should drive the prince of Wales from such a field as this.
3.  A kind of wig worn for covering baldness or gray hairs, or for other purpose.


Topic: Scrawl
Definition:
SCRAWL, v.t.
1.  To draw or mark awkwardly and irregularly.
2.  To write awkwardly.
SCRAWL, v.i.
1.  To write unskillfully and inelegantly.
Though with a golden pen you scrawl.
2.  To creep; to crawl.  [This is from crawl, but I know not that it is in use.]
SCRAWL, n.
1.  Unskillful or inelegant writing; or a piece of hasty bad writing.
2.  In New England, a ragged, broken branch of a tree, or other brush wood.


Topic: Screak
Definition:
SCREAK, v.i.  [This word is only a different orthography of screech and shriek, but is not elegant.]
To utter suddenly a sharp shrill sound or outcry; to scream; as in a sudden fright; also, to creak, as a door or wheel.  [See Screech.]
[When applied to things, we use creak, and when to persons, shriek, both of which are elegant.]
SCREAK, n.  A creaking; a screech.


Topic: Scream
Definition:
SCREAM, v.i.  [English skirmish.]
1.  To cry out with a shrill voice; to utter a sudden, sharp outcry, as in a fright or in extreme pain; to shriek.
The fearful matrons raise a screaming cry.
2.  To utter a shrill harsh cry; as the screaming owl.
SCREAM, n.  A shriek or sharp shrill cry uttered suddenly, as in terror or in pain; or the shrill cry of a fowl; as screams of horror.


Topic: Screaming
Definition:
SCRE'AMING, ppr.  Uttering suddenly a sharp shrill cry; crying with a shrill voice.
SCRE'AMING, n.  The act of crying out with a shriek of terror or agony.


Topic: Screech
Definition:
SCREECH, v.i.  [See Screak and Shriek.]
1.  To cry out with a sharp shrill voice; to utter a sudden shrill cry, as in terror or acute pain; to scream; to shriek.
2.  To utter a sharp cry, as an owl; thence called screech-owl.
SCREECH, n.  
1.  A sharp shrill cry uttered in acute pain, or in a sudden fright.
2.  A harsh shrill cry, as of a fowl.


Topic: Screech-owl
Definition:
SCREE'CH-OWL, n.  An owl that utters a harsh disagreeable cry at night, no more ominous of evil than the notes of the nightingale.


Topic: Screen
Definition:
SCREEN, n.  [L. cerno, excerno, Gr. to separate, to sift, to judge, to fight, contend skirmish.  The primary sense of the root is to separate, to drive or force asunder, hence to sift, to discern, to judge, to separate or cut off danger.]
1.  Any thing that separates or cuts off inconvenience, injury or danger,; and hence, that which shelters or protects from danger, or prevents inconvenience.  Thus a screen is used to intercept the sight, to intercept the heat of fire on the light of a candle.
Some ambitious men seem as screens to princes in matters of danger and envy.
2.  A riddle or sieve.
SCREEN, v.t.  
1.  To separate or cut off from inconvenience, injury or danger; to shelter; to protect; to protect by hiding; to conceal; as fruits screened from cold winds by a forest or hill.  Our houses and garments screen us from cold; an umbrella screens us from rain and the sun's rays.  Neither rank nor money should screen from punishment the man who violates the laws.
2.  To sift or riddle; to separate the coarse part of any thing from the fine, or the worthless from the valuable.


Topic: Screw
Definition:
SCREW, n.
1.  A cylinder of wood or metal, grooved spirally; or a cylinder with a spiral channel or thread cut in such a manner that it is equally inclined to the base of the cylinder throughout the whole length.  A screw is male or female.  In the male screw, the thread rises from the surface of the cylinder; in the female, the groove or channel is sunk below the surface to receive the thread of the male screw.
2.  One of the six mechanical powers.
SCREW, v.t.
1.  To turn or apply a screw to; to press, fasten or make firm by a screw; as, to screw a lock on a door; to screw a press.
2.  To force; to squeeze; to press.
3.  To oppress by exactions.  Landlords sometimes screw and rack their tenants without mercy.
4.  To deform by contortions; to distort.
He screw'd his face into a harden'd smile.
To screw out, to press out; to extort.
To screw up to force; to bring by violent pressure; as, to screw up the pins of power too high.
To screw in, to force in by turning or twisting.


Topic: Scribble
Definition:
SCRIB'BLE, v.t.  [L. scribillo, dim. of scribo, to write.  See Scribe.]
1.  To write with haste, or without care or regard to correctness or elegance; as, to scribble a letter or pamphlet.
2.  To fill with artless or worthless writing.
SCRIB'BLE, v.i.  To write without care or beauty.
If Maevius scribble in Apollo's spite.
SCRIB'BLE, n.  Hasty or careless writing; a writing of little value; as a hasty scribble.


Topic: Scribbler
Definition:
SCRIB'BLER, n.  A petty author; a writer of no reputation.
The scribbler pinch'd with hunger, writes to dine.


Topic: Scribe
Definition:
SCRIBE, n.  [L. scriba, from scribo, to write; formed probably on the root of grave, scrape, scrub.  The first writing was probably engraving on wood or stone.]
1.  In a general sense, a writer.  Hence,
2.  A notary; a public writer.
3.  In ecclesiastical meetings and associations in America, a secretary or clerk; one who records the transactions of an ecclesiastical body.
4.  In Scripture and the Jewish history, a clerk or secretary to the king.  Seraiah was scribe to king David.  
2Sam. 8.
5.  An officer who enrolled or kept the rolls of the army, and called over the names and reviewed them. 2Ch. 24.  2Kings 25.
6.  A writer and a doctor of the law; a man of learning; one skilled in the law; one who read and explained the law to the people.  Ezra 8.
SCRIBE, v.t.  To mark by a model or rule; to mark so as to fit one piece to another; a term used by carpenters and joiners.


Topic: Scrimp
Definition:
SCRIMP, v.t.
To contract; to shorten; to make too small or short; to limit or straiten; as, to scrimp the pattern of a coat.
SCRIMP, a.  Short; scanty.
SCRIMP, n.  A pinching miser; a niggard; a close fisted person.


Topic: Scrine
Definition:
SCRINE, n.  [L. scrinium;, cerno, secerno.]
A shrine; a chest, book-case or other place where writings or curiosities are deposited.  [See shrine, which is generally used.]


Topic: Scrip
Definition:
SCRIP, n.  [This belongs to the root of gripe, our vulgar grab, that is, to seize or press.]
A small bag; a wallet; a satchel.  David put five smooth stones in a scrip.  1Sam. 17.  Matt. 10.
SCRIP, n.  [L. scriptum, scriptio, from scribo, to write.]
A small writing, certificate or schedule; a piece of paper containing a writing.
Bills of exchange cannot pay our debts abroad, till scrips of paper can be made current coin.
A certificate of stock subscribed to a bank or other company, or of a share of other joint property, is called in America a scrip.


Topic: Scriptory
Definition:
SCRIP'TORY, a.  [L. scriptorius.  See Scribe.]
Written; expressed in writing; not verbal.  [Little used.]


Topic: Scriptural
Definition:
SCRIP'TURAL, a.  [from scripture.]
1.  Contained in the Scriptures, so called by way of eminence, that is, in the Bible; as a scriptural word, expression or phrase.
2.  According to the Scriptures or sacred oracles; as a scriptural doctrine.


Topic: Scripturalist
Definition:
SCRIP'TURALIST, n.  One who adheres literally to the Scriptures and makes them the foundation of all philosophy.


Topic: Scripture
Definition:
SCRIP'TURE, n.  [L. scriptura, from scribo, to write.]
1.  In its primary sense, a writing; any thing written.
2.  Appropriately, and by way of distinction, the books of the Old and New Testament; the Bible.  The word is used either in the singular or plural number, to denote the sacred writings or divine oracles, called sacred or holy, as proceeding from God and containing sacred doctrines and precepts.
There is not any action that a man ought to do or forbear, but the Scripture will give him a clear precept or prohibition for it.
Compared with the knowledge which the Scriptures contain, every other subject of human inquiry is vanity and emptiness.


Topic: Scrivener
Definition:
SCRIV'ENER, n.  [See Scribe.]
1.  A writer; one whose occupation is to draw contracts or other writings. 
2.  One whose business is to place money at interest.


Topic: Scrofula
Definition:
SCROF'ULA, n.  [L.]
A disease, called vulgarly the king's evil, characterized by hard, scirrous, and often indolent tumors in the glands of the neck, under the chin, in the arm-pits, &c.


Topic: Scrofulous
Definition:
SCROF'ULOUS, a.
1.  Pertaining to scrofula, or partaking of its nature; as scrofulous tumors; a scrofulous habit of body.
2.  Diseased or affected with scrofula.
Scrofulous persons can never be duly nourished.


Topic: Scroll
Definition:
SCROLL, n.  [probably formed from roll, or its root.]
A roll of paper or parchment; or a writing formed into a roll.
Here is the scroll of every man's name.
The heavens shall be rolled together as a scroll.  Is. 34.


Topic: Scrub
Definition:
SCRUB, v.t.  [This word is probably formed on rub, or its root, and perhaps scrape, L. scribo, may be from the same radix.]
To rub hard, either with the hand or with a cloth or an instrument; usually, to rub hard with a brush, or with something coarse or rough, for the purpose of cleaning, scouring or making bright; as, to scrub a floor; to scrub a deck; to scrub vessels of brass or other metal.
SCRUB, v.i.  To be diligent and penurious; as, to scrub hard for a living.
SCRUB, n.  
1.  A mean fellow; one that labors hard and lives meanly.
2.  Something small and mean.
No little scrub joint shall come on my board.
3.  A worn out brush.


Topic: Scruple
Definition:
SCRU'PLE, n.  [L. scrupulus, a doubt; scrupulum, the third part of a dram, from scrupus, a chess-man; probably a piece, a small thing, from scrapping, like scrap.]
1.  Doubt; hesitation from the difficulty of determining what is right or expedient; backwardness; reluctance to decide or to act.  A man of fashionable honor makes no scruple to take another's life, or expose his own.  He has no scruples of conscience, or he despises them.
2.  A weight of twenty grains, the third part of a dram; among goldsmiths, the weight of 24 grains.
3.  Proverbially, a very small quantity.
4.  In Chaldean chronology, the 1/1080 part of an hour; a division of time used by the Jews, Arabs, &c..
Scruple of half duration, an arch of the moon's orbit, which the moon's center describes from the beginning of an eclipse to the middle.
Scruples of immersion or incidence, an arch of the moon's orbit, which her center describes from the beginning of the eclipse to the time when its center falls into the shadow.
Scruples of emersion, an arch of the moon's orbit, which her center describes in the time from the first emersion of the moon's limb to the end of the eclipse.
SCRU'PLE, v.i.  To doubt; to hesitate.
He scrupl'd not to eat, against his better knowledge.
SCRU'PLE, v.t.  To doubt; to hesitate to believe; to question; as, to scruple the truth or accuracy of an account or calculation.


Topic: Scrupulosity
Definition:
SCRUPULOS'ITY, n.  [L. scrupulositas.]
1.  The quality or state of being scrupulous; doubt; doubtfulness respecting some difficult point, or proceeding from the difficulty or delicacy of determining how to act; hence, the caution or tenderness arising from the fear of doing wrong or offending.
The first sacrilege is looked upon with some horror; but when they have once made the breach, their scrupulosity soon retires.
2.  Nicety of doubt; or nice regard to exactness and propriety.
So careful, even to scrupulosity, were they to keep their sabbath.
3.  Niceness; preciseness.


Topic: Scrupulous
Definition:
SCRU'PULOUS, a.  [L. scrupulosus.]
1.  Nicely doubtful; hesitating to determine or to act; cautious in decision from a fear of offending or doing wrong.  Be careful in moral conduct, not to offend scrupulous brethren.
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The judges that say upon the jail, and those that attended, sickened upon it and died.
2.  To be satiated; to be filled to disgust.
3.  To become disgusting or tedious.  The toiling pleasure sickens into pain.
4.  To be disgusted; to be filled with aversion or abhorrence.  He sickened at the sight of so much human misery.
5.  To become weak to decay; to languish.  Plants often sicken and die.  All pleasures sicken, and all glories sink.


Topic: Scrupulously
Definition:
SCRU'PULOUSLY, adv.  With a nice regard to minute particulars or to exact propriety.
     The duty consists not scrupolously in minutes and half hours. Taylor.
     Henry was scrupulously careful not to ascribe the sucess to himself. Addison.


Topic: Scrupulousness
Definition:
SCRU'PULOUSNESS,  n.  The state or quality of being scrupulous; niceness, exactness or caution in determining or in acting, from a regard to truth, propriety or expedience.


Topic: Scrutinize
Definition:
SCRU'TINIZE,  v.t.  [from scrutiny.]  To search closely; to examine or inquire into critically; as, to scrutinize the measures of administration; to scrutinize the private conduct or motives of individuals.


Topic: Scrutiny
Definition:
SCRU'TINY,  n.  [L.  scrutinium, from scrutor, to search closely, to pry into.]
           1. Close search; minute inquiry; critical examinatiion; as a scrutiny of votes; narrower 


Topic: Scrutoir
Definition:
SCRUTO'IR,  n.  A kind of desk, case of drawers or cabinet, with a lid opening downward for the convenience of writing on it.


Topic: Scud
Definition:
SCUD,  v.i.  
           1. In a gereral sense, to be driven or to flee or fly with haste. In seamen's language, to be driven with precipitation before a tempest. This is done with a sail extended on the foremast of the ship, or when the wind is too violent, without any sail set, which is called scudding under bare poles.
           2. To run with precipitation; to fly.
SCUD,  n.
           1. A low thin cloud, or thin clould driven by the wind.
           2. A driving along; a rushing with precipitation.


Topic: Scuffle
Definition:
SCUF'FLE,  n.  [This is a different orthography of shuffle; from shove, or its root.]
           1. A contention or trial of strength between two persons, who embrace each other's bodies; a struggle with close embrace, to decide which shall throw the other; in distinction from from wrestling, which is a trial of strength and dexterity at arm's lenght. Among our common people, it is not unusual for two persons to commence a contest by wrestling, and at last  close in, as it is called, and decide the contest by a scuffle.
           2. A confused contest; a tumultuous struggle for victory or superiority; a fight.
                   The dog leaps upon the serpent and tears it to pieces; but in the scuffle, the cradle happened to be overturned. L' Estrange.
SCUF'FLE,  v.i.  
           1. To strive or struggle with close embrace, as two men or boys,
           2. To strive or contend tumultuously, as small parties.
                   A gallant man prefers to fight to great disadvantages in the field, in an orderly way, rather than to scuffle with an undisciplined rabble. K. Charles.


Topic: Scuffling
Definition:
SCUF'FLING, ppr. Striving for superiority with close embrace; struggling for contending without order.


Topic: Sculk
Definition:
SCULK,  v.i.  To retire into a close or covered place for concealment; to lurl; to lie close from shame, fear of injury or detection.
                   No news of Phyl!  the bridegroom came, and thought his bride had sculk'd for shame.  Swift.
                   And sculk behind the subterfuge of art. Prior.


Topic: Scull
Definition:
SCULL,  n.  
           1. The brain pan.
           2. A boat; a cock boat.
           3. One who scull a boat. But properly.
           4. A short oar, whose loom is only equal in length to half the breadth of the boat to be rowed, so that one man can manage two, one on each side.
           5. A shoal or multitude of fish.
SCULL,  v.t.  To impel a boat by moving and turning an oar over the stern.


Topic: Sculler
Definition:
SCULL'ER,  n.
           1. A boat rowed by one man with two sculls or short oars.
           2. One that sculls, or rows with sculls; one that impels a boat by an oar over the stern.


Topic: Scullery
Definition:
SCULL'ERY,  n.  [probably from the root of shell, scale, G. schale, a scale, a shell, a dish or cup.  Skulls and shells were the cups, bowls and siches or rude men.]  A place where dishes, kettles and other culinary utensils are kept.


Topic: Scullion
Definition:
SCULL'ION,  n.  A servant taht cleans pots and kettles, and does other menial services in the kitchen.


Topic: Sculptor
Definition:
SCULP'TOR,  n. [L. See Sculp.]  One whose occupation is to carve wood or stone int images; a carver.


Topic: Sculpture
Definition:
SCULP'TURE,  n.  [L. sculptura.]  
           1. The art of carving, cutting or hewing wood or stone into images of men, beasts or other things. Sculpture is a generic term, including carving or statuary and engraving.
           2. Carved work.
                   There too, in living sculpture, might be seen The mad affection of the Cretan queen.


Topic: Scum
Definition:
SCUM,  n.  
           1. The extraneous matter or impurities which rise to the surface of liquors in boiling or fermentation, or which form on the surface by other means. The word is also applied to the scoria of metals.
           2. The refuse; the recrement; that which is vile or worthless.
                   The great and the innocent are insulted by the scum and refuse of the people.


Topic: Scupper
Definition:
SCUP'PER, n.  The scuppers or scupper holes of a ship, are channels cut through the water ways and sides of a ship at proper distances, and lined with lead for carrying off the water from the deck.


Topic: Scupper-hose
Definition:
SCUP'PER-HOSE,  n.  A lethern pipe attached to the mouth of the scuppers of the lower deck of a ship, to prevent the water from entering.


Topic: Scurf
Definition:
SCURF,  n.  [L. scorbutus.]  
           1. A dry military scab or crust formed on the skin of an animal.
           2. The soil or foul remains of any thing adherent; as the scurf of crimes. [Not common nor elegant.]  Dryden.
           3. Any thing adhering to the surface.
                   There stood a hill, whose grisly top Shone with a glossy scurf. Milton.


Topic: Scurril
Definition:
SCUR'RIL,  a.  [L. scurrilis, from scurra ,a buffoon.]  Such as befits a buffoon or vulgar jester; low; mean; grossly opprobrious in language; scurrilour; as scurril jests; scurril scoffing; scurril taunts.


Topic: Scurrility
Definition:
SCURRIL'ITY,  n.  [L. scurrilitas.]  Such low. vulgar, indecent or abusive language as is used by mean fellows, buffoons, jesters and the like; grossness of reproach or invective; obscene jests, &c. 
                   Banish scurrility and profaneness. Dryden.


Topic: Scurrilous
Definition:
SCUR'RILOUS,  a.
           1. Using the low and indecent language of the meaner sort of people, or such as only the licence of buffoons can warrant; as a scurrilous fellow. 
            2. Containing low indecency or abuse; mean; foul; vile; obscenely jocular; as scurrilous language.


Topic: Scurrilously
Definition:
SCUR'RILOUSLY,  adv.  With gross reproach; with low indecent language.
                   It is barbarous incivility, scurrilously to sport with what others count religion. 


Topic: Scurvily
Definition:
SCUR'VILY,  adv.  [from scurvy.]  Basely; meanly; with coarse and vulgar incivility.
                   The clergy were never more learned, or so scurvily treated. Swift.


Topic: Scurvy
Definition:
SCUR'VY,  n.  [from scurf; scurvy for scurfy; Low L. scorbutus.]  A disease characterized by great debility, a pale bloated face, bleeding spongy gums, large livid tumors on the body, offensive breath, aversion to exercise, oppression at the breast or difficult respiration, a smooth, dry, shining skin, &c.; a disease most incident to persons who live confined, or on salted meats without fresh vegetables in cold climates.
SCUR'VY,  a.
           1. Scurfy; covered or affected by scurf or scabs; scabby; diseased with scurvy.
           2. Vile; mean; low; vulgar; worthless; contemptible; as a scurvy fellow.
                   He spoke scurvy and provoking terms. Shak.
                   That scurvy custom of taking tobacco. Swift.


Topic: Scurvy-grass
Definition:
SCUR'VY-GRASS,  n.  A plant of the genus Cochlearia; spoonwort.  It grows on rocks near the sea, has an acrid, bitter taste, and is remarkable as a remedy for the scurvy.  It is eaten raw as a salad.


Topic: Scutage
Definition:
SCU'TAGE,  n.  [Law L. scutagium, from scutum, a shield.]  In English history, a tax or contributiion levied upon those who held lands by knight service; originally, a composition for personal service which the tenant owed to his lord, but afterward levied as an assessment.


Topic: Scutellated
Definition:
SCU'TELLATED,  a.  [L. scutella, a dish.  See Scuttle.]  Formed like a pan; divided into small surfaces; as the scutellated bone of a sturgeon.


Topic: Scuttle
Definition:
SCUT'TLE,  n.  [L. scutella, a pan or saucer.]  A broad shallow basket; so called from its resemblance to a dish.
SCUT'TLE,  n.  
           1. In ships, a small hatchway or opening in the deck, large enough to admit a man, and with a lid for covering it; also, a like hole in the side of a ship, and through the coverings of her hatchways, &c.
           2. A square hole in the roof of a house, with a lid.
           3. [from scud, and properly scuddle.]  A quick pace; a short run.
SCUT'TLE,  v.i.  To run with affected precipitation.
SCUT'TLE,  v.t.  [from the noun.] 
           1. To cut large holes through the bottom or sides of a ship for any purpose.
           2. To sink by making holes through the bottom; as, to scuttle a ship.


Topic: Scuttled
Definition:
SCUT'TLED,  pp.  Having holes made in the bottom or sides; sunk by means of cutting holes in the bottom or side.


Topic: Scythian
Definition:
SCYTH'IAN,  a.  Pretaining to Scythia, a name given to the northern part of Asia, and Europe adjoining to Asia.
SCYTH'IAN,  n.  [See Scot.]  A native of Scythia.


Topic: Sea
Definition:
SEA,  n.  see.  [This word, like lake, signifies primarily a seat, set or lay, a repository, a bason.]
           1. A large bason, cisternor laver which Solomon made in the temple, so large as to contain more than six thousand gallons. This was called the brazen sea, and used to hold water for the priests to wash themselves. 1 Kings 7. 2 Chron. 4
           2. A large body of water, nearly inclosed by land, as the Baltic or the Mediterranean; as the sea of Azof. Seas are properly branches of the ocean, and upon the same level. Large bodies of water inland, and situated above the level of the ocean, are lakes. The appellation of sea, given to the Caspian lake, is an exception, and not very correct. So the lake of Galilee is called a sea, from the Greek.
           3. The ocean; as, to go to sea. The fleet is at sea, or on the high seas.
           4. A wave; a billow; a surge. The vessel shipped a sea. 
           5. The swell of the ocean in a tempest, or the direction of the waves; as, we head the sea.
           6. Proverbially, a large quantity of liquor; as a sea of blood.
           7. A rough or agitated place or element.
                   In a troubled sea of passion tost. Milton.
            


Topic: Sea-bank
Definition:
SE'A-BANK,  n. [sea and bank.]  
           1. The sea shore.
           2. A bank or mole to defend against the sea.


Topic: Sea-bear
Definition:
SE'A-BEAR,  n.  [sea and bear.]  An animal of the bear kind that frequents the sea; the white or polar bear; also, the ursine seal.


Topic: Sea-boat
Definition:
SE'A-BOAT,  n.  [sea and boat.]  A vessel that bears the sea firmly, without laboring or straining her masts and rigging.


Topic: Sea-born
Definition:
SE'A-BORN,  a.  [sea and born.] 
           1. Born of the sea; produced by the sea; as Neptune and his sea-born niece.
           2. Born at sea.


Topic: Sea-breeze
Definition:
SE'A-BREEZE,  n.  [sea and breeze.]  A wind or current of air blowing from the sea upon land; for the most part blowing during the day only, and subsiding at night.


Topic: Sea-chart
Definition:
SE'A-CH'ART, n.  [sea and chart.]  A chart or map on which the line of the shore, isles, shoals, b
harbors, &c. are delineated.


Topic: Sea-coal
Definition:
SE'A-COAL,  n.  [sea and coal.]  Coal brought by sea; a  vulgar name for fossil coal, in distinction from charcoal.


Topic: Sea-compass
Definition:
SE'A-COMPASS,  n.  [sea and campass.]  The mariner's card and needle; the compass constructed for use at sea.


Topic: Sea-devil
Definition:
SE'A-DEVIL,  n.  [sea and devil.]  The fishing frog or toad-fish, of the genus Lophius; a fish of a deformed shape, resembling a tadpole, growing to a large size, with a head larger than the whole body.


Topic: Sea-dog
Definition:
SE'A-DOG,  n.  [sea and dog.] 
           1. A fish, perhaps the shark.
           2. The sea-calf or common seal.


Topic: Sea-dragon
Definition:
SE'A-DRAGON,  n.  [sea and dragon.]  A marine monster caught in England in 1749, resembling in some degree an alligator, but having two large fins which served for swimming or flying,  It had two legs terminating in hoofs, like those of an ass.  Its body was covered with impenetrable scales, and it had five rows of teeth.


Topic: Sea-fowl
Definition:
SE'A-FOWL,  n.  [sea and fowl.]  A marine fowl; any fowl that lives by the sea, and procures it food from salt water.


Topic: Sea-god
Definition:
SE'A-GOD,  n.  [sea and god.]  A marine deity; a fabulous being supposed to preside over the ocean or sea; as Neptune. 


Topic: Sea-grass
Definition:
SE'A-GR'ASS,  [sea and grass.]  A plant growing on the sea shore; an aquatic plant of the genus Ruppia.


Topic: Sea-green
Definition:
SE'A-GREEN,  a.  [sea and green.]  Having the color of sea water; being of a faint green color.
SE'A-GREEN,  n. 
           1. The color of the sea water.
           2. A plant, the saxifrage.


Topic: Sea-gull
Definition:
SE'A-GULL,  n.  [sea and gull.]  A fowl of the genus Larus; a species of gull; called also sea-crow. 


Topic: Sea-hare
Definition:
SE'A-HARE,  n.  [sea and hare.]  A marine animal of the genus Laplysia, whose body is covered with membranes reflected; it has lateral pore on the right side, and four feelers resembling ears.  The body is nearly oval, soft, gelatinous and punctated.  Its juice poisonous,  and ir is so fetid as to cause nausea.


Topic: Sea-hedghog
Definition:
SEA-HEDGHOG,  n.  A sea shell, a species of Echinus, so called from its prickles, which resemble in some measure those of the hedghog or urchin.


Topic: Sea-horse
Definition:
SE'A-HORSE,  n.  [sea and horse.]
           1. In ichthyoilogy, the morse, a species of Trichechus or walrus.
           2. The hippopotamus, or river horse.
           3. A fish of the needle-fish kind, four or five inches in length, ane half an inch in diameter.
           4. A fish of the genus Syngnathus.


Topic: Sea-lemon
Definition:
SE'A-LEMON,  n.  [sea and lemon]  A marine animal of the genus Doris, having an oval body, convex, marked with numerous punctures, and of a lemon color.


Topic: Sea-lion
Definition:
SE'A-LION,  n. [sea and lion]  An animal of the genus Phoca or seal, which has a mane like a lion, the Phoca jubata.


Topic: Sea-man
Definition:
SE'A-MAN,  n. [sea and man]
           1. A sailor; a mariner; a man whose occupation is to assist in the management of ships at sea. 
           2. By way of distinction, a skillful mariner; also, a man who is well versed in the art of navigating ships. In this sense, it is applied both officers and common mariners.
           3. Merman, the tale of the merman. [Little used.]


Topic: Sea-mark
Definition:
SE'A-M'ARK,  n.  [sea and mark.]  Any elevated object on land which serves for a direction to mariners in entering a harbor, or in sailing along or approaching a coast; a beacon; as a light-house, a mountain, &c.


Topic: Sea-navelwort
Definition:
SEA-NAVELWORT,  n.  [sea, navel and wort.]  A plant growing in Syria, which is said to effect great cures.


Topic: Sea-needle
Definition:
SE'A-NEEDLE,  n.  [sea and needle.]  A name of the gar or garfish, of the genus Esox.  This fish has a slender body, with long pointed jaws and a forked tail.  Its back is of a fine green color, and when in the water, its colors are extremely beautiful.


Topic: Sea-otter
Definition:
SE'A-OTTER,  n.  [sea and otter.]  A species of otter that has hind feet like those of a seal.  It feeds on shell fish.


Topic: Sea-pye
Definition:
SE'A-PYE, also the oyster-catcher, from its thrusting its beak into oysters when open, and taking out the animal. 


Topic: Sea-room
Definition:
SE'A-ROOM,  n..[sea and room.]  Ample space or distance from land, shoals or rocks, sufficient for a ship to drive or scud without danger of shipwreck.


Topic: Sea-rover
Definition:
SE'A-ROVER,  n.  [sea and rover.] 
           1. A pirate; one that cruizes for plunder.
           2. A ship or vessel that is employed in cruizing for plunder.


Topic: Sea-shore
Definition:
SEA-SHO'RE,  n.  [sea and shore.]  The coast of the sea; the land that lied adjacent to the sea or ocean.


Topic: Sea-sick
Definition:
SE'A-SICK,  a.  [sea and sick.]  Affected with sickness or nausea by means of the pitching or rolling of a vessel.


Topic: Sea-sickness
Definition:
SE'A-SICKNESS,  n.  The sickness or nausea occasioned by the pitching and rolling of a ship in an agitated sea. 


Topic: Sea-side
Definition:
SE'A-SIDE,  n.  [sea and side.]  The land bordering on the sea; the country adjacent to the sea, or near it.


Topic: Sea-star
Definition:
SE'A-ST'AR,  n.  [sea and star.]  The starfish, a genus of marine animals, called technically Asterias.


Topic: Sea-term
Definition:
SE'A-TERM,  n.  [sea and term.]  A word or term used appropriately by seamen, or peculiar to the art of navigation.


Topic: Sea-urchin
Definition:
SE'A-URCHIN,  n.  [sea and urchin.]  A genus of marine animals, the Echinus, of many species.  The body is roundish, covered with a bony crust, and often set with movable prickles.  


Topic: Sea-weed
Definition:
SE'A-WEED,  n.  [sea and weed.]  A marine plant of the genus Fucus, used as manure, and for glass and soap.  A common name for the marine algae, and some other plants growing in salt water.


Topic: Sea-wolf
Definition:
SE'A-WOLF,  n.  [sea and wolf.  See Wolf.]  A fish of the genus Anarrhicas, found in northern latitudes, about Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Scotland, England, &c.  This fish is so named from its fierceness and ravenousness.  It grows sometimes to the lenth of four and even seven feet, and feeds on crustaceous animals and shell fish.


Topic: Seal
Definition:
SEAL,  n.  The common name for the species of the genus Phoca.  These animals are ampibious, most of the inhabiting the sea coasts, particularly in the higher latitudes.  They have six cutting teeth in the upper jaw, and four in the lower.  Their hind feet are placed at the extremity of the body, in the same diretion with it, and serve the purpose of a caudal fin; the fore feet are also adapted for swimming, and furmished each with five claws; the external ears are either very small or wanting.  There are numerous species; as the leonina, sometimes 18 feet in length, and the jubata, sometimes 25 feet in length, with a name like a lion, both called sea-lion, and found in the southern seas, and alo in the N. Pacific; the ursina, or sea bear, 8 or 9 feet in length, and covered with long, thick bristly hair, found in the N. Pacifac; and the common seal frome 4 to 6 feet in length, found generally throughout the Atlantic and the seas and bays communicating with it, covered with short, stiff, glossy hair, with a smooth head without external ears, and with the fore legs deeply immersed in the skin.  Seals are much sought after for their skins and fur.
SEAL,  n.  [L.  sigillum.]
           1. A piece of metal or other hard substance, usually round or oval, on which is ingraved some image or device, and sometimes a legend or inscription. This is used by idividuals, corporate bodies and states, for making impressions on wax upon instuments of writing, as an evidence of their authenticity. The king of England has his seal and his privy seal. Seals are sometimes worn in rings.


Topic: Sealer
Definition:
SE'ALER,  n.  
1.  One who seals; an officer in chancery who seals writs and instruments.
            2. In New England, an officer appointed by the town or other proper authority, to examine and try weithts and measures, and set a stamp on such as are according to the standards established by the state; also, an officer who inspects lether and stamps such as is good. These are called sealers of weights and measures, and sealers of lethers.


Topic: Sealing
Definition:
SE'ALING, ppr. Fixing a seal; fastening with a seal; confirming; closing; keeping secret; fixing a piece of wood or iron in a wall with cement. 
SE'ALING,  n.  [from seal, the animal]  The operation of taking seals and curing their skins.


Topic: Sealing-wax
Definition:
SE'ALING-WAX,  n.  [seal and wax.]  A compound of gum lac and the red oxyd of mercury; used for fastening a folded letter and thus consealing the writing, and for receiving impressions of seals set to instruments.  Sealing wax is hard or soft, and may be of any color.


Topic: Seam
Definition:
SEAM,  n.  
           1. The suture or uniting of two edges of cloth by the needle.
                   The coat was without seam , woven from the top throughout. John 29.
           2. The joint or juncture of planks in a ship's side or deck; or rather the intervals between the edges of boards or planks in a floor, &c. The seams of the ships are filled with oakum, and covered with pitch.
           3. In mines, a vein or stratum of metal, ore, coal and the like.
           4. A cicatrix or scar.
           5. A measure of eight bushels of corn; or the vessel that contains it. [Not used in America.]


Topic: Seamanship
Definition:
SE'AMANSHIP,  n.  The skill of a good seaman; an acquaintance with the art of managing and navigating a ship; applicable both to officers and to men. Naval skill, is the art of managing a fleet, particularly in an engagement; a very different thing from seamanship.


Topic: Seaport
Definition:
SE'APORT,  n.  [sea and port.]  
           1. A harbor near the sea, formed by an arm of the sea or by a bay.
           2. A city or town situated on a harbor, on or near the sea. We call a town a seaport, instead fo a seaport town.


Topic: Seapoy
Definition:
SE'APOY, n. A native of India in the military service of an European power, and disceplined SE'POY, after the European maner.


Topic: Sear
Definition:
SEAR,  v. t.  [Gr. to dry; to parch; dry.  L. torreo, in a diffrent dialect.]
           1. To burn to dryness and hardness the surface of any thing; to cauterize; to expose to a degree of heat that changes the color of the surface, ar makes it hard; as, to sear the skin or flesh.
                  I'm sear'd with burning steel. Rowe.


Topic: Searce
Definition:
SEARCE,  v.  t.  sers.  To shift; to bolt; to separate the fine part of meal from the coarse.  [Little used.]
SEARCE,  n.  sers.  A sieve; a bolter.  [Little used.]


Topic: Search
Definition:
SEARCH,  v. t.  serch  
           1. To look over or through for the purpose of finding something; to explore; to examine by inspection; as, to search the house for a book; to search the wood for a thief.


Topic: Searcher
Definition:
SEARCHER,  n.  serch'er. 
           1. One who searches, explores or examines for the prupose of finding something.


Topic: Searching
Definition:
SEARCHING,  pp. serch'ing.
           1. Looking into or over; exploring; examining; inquiring; seeking; investigating.
           2. a. Penetrating; trying; close; as a searching discourse.
SEARCHING,  n.  search'ing.  Exanination; severe inquisition.  Judges  5.


Topic: Season
Definition:
SE'ASON.  n.  se'zn.Season literally signifies that which comes or arrives; and in this general sense, is synonymous with time.  Hence,
           1. A fit or suitable time; the convenient time; the usual or appointed time; as, the messenger arrived in season; in good season. This fruit is out of season.
           2. Any time, as distinguished from others.
                   The season prime for sweetest scents and airs. Milton.
          3. A time of some continuance, but not long.
                   Thou shalt be blind, not seeing the sun for a season. Acts 13.
           4. One of the four divisions of the year, spring, summer, autumn, winter. The season is mild; it is cold for the season. 
                   We saw in six days' traveling, the several seasons of the year n their beauty.  


Topic: Seasonable
Definition:
SE'ASONABLE,  a.  Opportune; that comes, happens or is done in good time, in due season or in proper time for the purpose; as a seasonable supply of rain.
                     Mercy is seasonable in the time of affliction. Ecclus.


Topic: Seasonableness
Definition:
SE'ASONABLENESS,  n.  Opportuneness of time; that state of being in good time, or in time convenient for the prupose or sufficiently early.


Topic: Seasonably
Definition:
SE'ASONABLY,  adv.  In due time; in time convenient; sufficiently early; as, to sow or plant seasonably.


Topic: Seasoned
Definition:
SE'ASONED,  pp.  Mixed or sprinkled with something that gives a relish; tempered; moderated; qualified; matured; dried and hardened.


Topic: Seasoning
Definition:
SE'ASONING,  ppr.  Giving a relish by something added; moderating; qualifying; maturing; drying and hardening; fitting by habit.
SE'ASONING,  n.  
           1. That which is added to any species of food to give it a higher relish; usually, something pungent or aromatic; as salt, spices or other aromatic herbs, acids, sugar, or a mixture of several things. 
           2. Something added or mixed to enhance the pleasure of enjoyment; as, with or humor may serve as a seasoning to eloquence.
                   Political speculations are of so dry and asutere a nature, that they will not go down with the public without frequent seasoning. Addison.


Topic: Seat
Definition:
SEAT,  n.  [L. sedes, situs.]
           1. That on which one sits; a chair, bench, stool or any other thing on which a person sits.
                   Christ--overthrew the tables of the money changers and the seats of them that sold doves. Matt. 21.
           2. The place of sitting; throne; chair of state; tribunal; post of authority; as the seat of justice; judgment-seat.
           3. Mansion; residence; dwelling; abode; as Italy the seat of empire. The Greeks sent colonies to seek a new seat in Gaul.
                   In Albe he shall fix his royal seat. Dryden.
           4. Site; situation. The seat of Eden has never been incontrovertibly ascertained.
           5. That part of a saddle on which a person sits.
           6. In horsemanship, posture or situation of a perosn on horseback. 
           7. A pew or slip in a chruch; a place to sit in.
           8. The place where a thing is settled or established. London is the seat of business and opulence. So we say, the seat of the muses,the seat of arts, the seat of commerce.
SEAT,  v.t.
           1. To place on a seat; to cause to sit down. We seat ourselves; we seat our guests.
                   The guests were no sooner seated but they entered into a warm debate. 


Topic: Seated
Definition:
SE'ATED,  pp.  Placed in a chair or on a bench, &c.; set; fixed; settled; established; furnished with a seat.


Topic: Seating
Definition:
SE'ATING,  ppr.  Placing on a seat; setting; settling; furnishing with a seat; having its seats assigned to individuals, as a church.


Topic: Seaworthy
Definition:
SE'AWORTHY,  A.  [sea and worthy.]  Fit for a voyage; worthy of being trusted to transport a cargo with safety; as a seaworthy ship.


Topic: Sebaceous
Definition:
SEBA'CEOUS,  a.  [Low L. sebaceus, from sebum, sevum, tallow.]  Made of tallow or fat; pretaining to fat.


Topic: Secant
Definition:
SE'CANT,  a.  [L. secans, seco, to cut or cut off, coinciding with Eng. saw.]  Cutting; dividing into two parts.
SE'CANT,  n.  
           1. In geometry, a line that cuts another, or divides it into parts. The secant of a circle is a line drawn from the circumference on one side, to a point without the circumference on the other, In trigonometry, a secant is a right line drawn from the center of a circle, which, cutting the circumference, proceeds till it meets with a tangent to the same circle.
           2. In trigonometry, the secant of an arc is a right line drawn from the center through one end of the arc, and terminated by a tangent drawn through the other end.


Topic: Secede
Definition:
SECE'DE,  v.i. [L. secedo; se, from, and cedo, to move.  Se is an inseparable preposition or prefix in Latin, but denoting departure or separation.]  To withdraw from  fellowship, communion or association; to separate ones's self; as, certain ministers seceded from the church of Scotland about the year 1733.


Topic: Seceder
Definition:
SECE'DER,  n.  One who secedes.  In Scotland, the seceders are a numerous body of presbyterians who seceded from the communion of the established church, about the year 1733.


Topic: Secern
Definition:
SECERN',  v.t.  [L. secerno; se and cerno, to separate.]  In the animal economy, to secrete.
                   The mucus secerned in the nose--is a laudable humor. Arbuthnot.


Topic: Secernent
Definition:
SECERN'ENT,  n.  That which promotes secretion; that which increases the irritative motions, which constitute secretion.


Topic: Seclude
Definition:
SECLU'DE,  v. t.  [L.  secludo; se and claudo, cludo, to shut.]
           1. To separate, as from company or society, and usually to keep apart for some length of tome, or to confine in a separate state; as persons in low spirits seclude themselves from society.
                    Let eastern tyrants from the light of heav'n Seclude their bosom slaves. Thomson.
           2. To shut out; to prevent from entering; to preclude.
                   Inclose your tender plants in your conservatory, secluding all entrance of cold.  


Topic: Secluding
Definition:
SECLU'DING,  ppr.  Separating from others; confining in solitude or in a separate state; preventing entrance.


Topic: Seclusion
Definition:
SECLU'SION,  n.  s as z.  The act of separating from society or connection; the state of being separate or apart; separation; a shutting out; as to live in seclusion.


Topic: Second
Definition:
SEC'OND,  a.  [L. secundus; L. sequor, to follow.  See Seek.]
            1. That immediately follows the first; the mext following the first in order of place or time; the ordinal of two. Take the second book from the shelf. Enter the second house.
                    And he slept and dreamed the second time. Gen. 41.
            2. Next in value, power, excellence, dignity or rank; inferior. The silks of China are second to none. Lord Chatham was second to none in eloquence. Dr. Johnson was second to none in itellecual powers, but second to many in research and erudition.


Topic: Second-hand
Definition:
SEC'OND-HAND,  n.  Possession received from the first possessor.
SEC'OND-HAND,  a.  
           1. Not original or primary; received from another.
                   The have but a second-hand or implicit knowledge. Locke.
           2. Not new; that has been used by another; as a second-hand book.


Topic: Second-rate
Definition:
SEC'OND-RATE,  n.  [second and rate.]  The second order in size, dignity, or value.
                   They call it thunder of the second-rate. Addison.
                   So we say, a ship of the second-rate. 
   
SEC'OND-RATE,  a.  Of the second size, rank, quality or value; as a second-rate ship; a second-rate cloth; a second-rate champion. 


Topic: Second-sight
Definition:
SEC'OND-SIGHT,  n.  The power of seeing things future or distant; a power claimed by some of the highlanders in Scotland.
                   Nor less avail'd his optic sleight,
                   And Scottish gift of second-sight. Trubbull's M'Fingal.


Topic: Secondarily
Definition:
SEC'ONDARILY,  adv.  [from secondary.]  In second degree or second order; not primarily or originally; not the first intention. Duties on imports serve primarily to raise a revenue, and secondarily to encourage domestic manufactures and industry.


Topic: Secondary
Definition:
SEC'ONDARY,  a.  [L.  secundarius, from secundus.]  
           1. Succeeding next in order to the first; subordinate.
                   Where there is moral right on the one hand, not secondary right can discharge it.


Topic: Seconder
Definition:
SEC'ONDER,  n.  One that supported what another attempts, or what he affirms, or hat he moves or proposes; as the seconder of an enterprise or of a motion.


Topic: Secrecy
Definition:
SE'CRECY, n. [from secret.]   
           1. Properly, a state of separation; hence, concealment from the observation of others, or from the notice of any persons not concerned; privacy; a state of being bid from view. When used of an individual, secrecy implies concealment from all others; when used of two or more, it implies concealment from all persons except those concerned. thus a company of counterfeiters carry on their villainy in secrecy.
                   The Lady Anne, Whom the king in secrecy hath long married. Shak.
           2. Solitude; retirement; seclusion from the view of others.
           3. Forbearance of disclosure or discovery.
                   It is not with public as with private prayer; in this, rather secrecy is commanded than outward show. Hooker.
           4. Fidelity to a secret; the act or habit of keeping secrets.
                   For secrecy no lady closer.


Topic: Secret
Definition:
SE'CRET,  a.  [L. secretus. This is given as the participle of secerno, but is radically a different word. The radical sense of seg is to separate, as in L. seco, to cut off; and not improbably this word is contracted into the Latin se, a prefix in segrego, separo, &c.]
           1. Properly, separate; hence, hid; concealed from the notice or knowledge of all persons except the individual or individuals concerned.
                   I have a secret errand to thee, O king. Judges 3.
           2. Unseen; private; secluded; being in retirement.
                   There secret in her sapphire cell,
                   He with the Nais wont to dwell. Fenton. 
          3. Removed from sight; private; unknown.
                   Abide in a secret place, and hide thyself. I Sam. 19.
           4. Keeping secrets; faithful to secrets entrusted; as secret Romans. [Unusual.]
           5. Private; affording privacy.
           6. Occult; not seen; not apparent; as the secret operations of physical causes. 
           7. Known to God only.


Topic: Secretary
Definition:
SEC'RETARY,  n.  [L. secretus, secret;originally a confident, one entrusted with secrets.]
           1. A person employed by a public body, by a company or by an individual, to write orders, letters, dispatches, public or private papers, and the like. Thus ligislative bodies have secretaries, whose business is to record all their laws and resolves. Embassadors have secretaries. 
            2. An officer whose business is to superintend and manage the affairs of a particular department of government; as the secretary of state, who conducts correspondence of a state with foreign courts: the secretary of the treasury, who manages the department of finance; the secretary of war, of the navy, &c. 


Topic: Secrete
Definition:
SECRE'TE,  v.t.
           1. To hide; to conceal; to remove from observation or the knowledge of others; as to secrete stolen goods. 
           2. To secrete one's self; to retire from notice into a private place; to abscend.
           3. In the animal economy, to produce from the blood substances different from the blood itself, or from any of its constituents; as the glands. The liver secretes bile; the salivary glands secrete saliva. 


Topic: Secretion
Definition:
SECRE'TION,  n.  
           1. The act of secerning; the act of the producing from the blood substances different from the blood itself, or from any of its constituents, as bile, saliva, mucus, urine, &c. This was considered 0by the older physiologists as merely separation from the blood of certain substances previously contained in it; the literal meaning of secretion. But this opinion is generally exploded. The organs of secretion are of very various form and structure, but the most general are called glands.
           2. The matter secreted, as mucus, perspirable matter, &c.


Topic: Secretly
Definition:
SE'CRETLY,  adv.  
           1. Privately; privily; not openly; without the knowledge of others; as, to dispatch a messenger secretly.
           2. Inwardly; not apparently or visibly; latently.
                   Now secretly with inward grief she pin'd. Addison.


Topic: Secretness
Definition:
SE'CRETNESS,  n.  
           1. The state of being hid or concealed. 
           2. The quality of keeping a secret.


Topic: Sect
Definition:
SECT, n. [L. Sp. secta; from L. seco, to cut off, to separate.]   
           1. A body or number of persons united in tenets, chiefly in philosophy or religion, but constituting a distinct party by holding sentiments different from those of other men. Most sects have originated in a particular perlon, who taught and propagated some peculiar notions in philosophy or religion, and who is considered to have been its founder. Among the jews, the principal sects were the Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes. In Greece were the Cynic sect, founded by Antisthenes; and the Academic sect, by Plato. The Academic sect gave birth to the Peripatetic, and a Cynic to the Stoic. 
           2. A cutting or coin. [Not used.]


Topic: Sectarian
Definition:
SECTA'RIAN,  a.  [L. secrarius.]  Pertaining to a sect or sects; as sectarian principles or prejudices.


Topic: Sectarianism
Definition:
SECTA'RIANISM,  n.  The disposition to dissent from the established church or predominant religion, and to form new sects.


Topic: Sectary
Definition:
SECT'ARY,  n.
           1. A person who separates from an established church, or from the prevailing denomination of christians; one that belongs to a sect; a dissenter.
           2. a follower; a pupil. [Not in use.]  


Topic: Sectile
Definition:
SECT'ILE,  a.  [L. sectilus, from seco, to cut.]  A sectile mineral is one that is midway between the briddle and the malleable, as soapstone and plumbago. 


Topic: Section
Definition:
SEC'TION,  n. [L. sectio; seco, to cut off.]
           1. The act of cutting or of separating by cutting; as the section of the bodies.


Topic: Sector
Definition:
SECT'OR,  n.  [L. seco, to cut.]
           1. In geometry, a part of a circle comprehended between two radii and the arch; or a mixed triangle, formed by two radii and the arch of a circle.
           2. A mathematical instrument so marked with lines of sines, tangents, secants, chords, &c. as to fit all radii and scales, and useful in finding the proportion between quantities of the same kind. The sector is founded on the fourth proposition of the sixth book of Euclid, where it is proved that similar triangles have their homologous sides proportional.


Topic: Secular
Definition:
SEC'ULAR,  a.  [L. secularis, from seculum, the world or an age.] 
           1. Pertaining to the present world, or to things not spiritual or holy; relating to things not immediately or primarily respecting the soul, but the body; worldly. The secular concerns of life respect making making provision for the support of life, the preservation of health, the temporal prosperity of men, of states, &c. Secular power is that which superintends and governs the temporal affairs of men, the civil or political power; and is contradistinguished from spiritual or ecclsiastical power.
           2. Among catholics, not regular; not bound by monastic vows or rules; not confines to a monastery or subject to the rules of a religious community. Thus we say, the secular clergy and the regular clergy. 
           3. Coming once in a century; as a secular year.


Topic: Secularization
Definition:
SECULARIZA'TION,  n.  [foom secularize.]  the act of converting a regular person, place or benefice into a secular one. Most cathedral churchses were formerly regular, that is, the canons were of religious or monastic orders; but they have since been secularized. for the secularization of a regular church, there is wanted the authority of the pope, that of the prince, the bishop of the place, the patron, and even the consent of the people.


Topic: Secularize
Definition:
SEC'ULARIZE,  v. t.  
           1. To make secular; to convert from spiritual appropriation to scular or common use; to convert that which is regular or monastic into secular; as, the ancient regular cathedral churches were secularized.
                  At the reformation, the abbey was secularized. Coxe, Switz.
           2. To make worldy.


Topic: Secundine
Definition:
SEC'UNDINE,  n.  Secundines, in the plural, as generally used, are the several coats or membranes in which the fetus is wrapped in the womb; the after-birth.


Topic: Secure
Definition:
SECU'RE,  a.  [L. securus.]
           1. Free from danger of being taken by an enemy; that may resist assault or attack. Teh place is well fortified and very secure. Gibraltar is a secure fortress. In this sense, secure is followed by against or from; as secure against attack, or from an enemy.
           2. Free from danger; safe; applied to persons; with from.
           3. Free from fear or apprehension of danger; not alarmed; not disturbed by fear; confident of safety; hence, careless of the means of defense. Men are often most in danger when they feel most secure.
                   Confidence then bore thee on, secure 


Topic: Secured
Definition:
SECU'RED,  pp.  Effectually guarded or protected; made certain; put beyond hazard; effectually confined; made fast.


Topic: Securely
Definition:
SECU'RELY,  adv.  
           1. Without danger; safely; as, to pass a river on ice securely. But safely is generally used.
           2. Without fear or apprehension; carelessly; in an unguarded state; in confidence of safety.
                   His daring foe securely him defied. Milton. 
                   Devise not evil against thy neighbor, seeing he dwelleth securely by thee. Prov. 3.


Topic: Securiform
Definition:
SECU'RIFORM,  a.  [L. securis, an ax or hatchet, and form.]  In botany, having the form of an ax or hatchet.


Topic: Security
Definition:
SECU'RITY,  n.  [L. securitas.]
           1. Protection; effectual defense or saftey from danger of any kind; as a chain of forts erected for the security of the frontiers.
           2. That which protects or guards from danger. A navy constitutes the security of Great Britain from invasion.
           3. Freedom from fear or apprehension; confidence of safety; whence, negligence in providing means of defense. Security is dangerous, for it exposes men to attack when unprepared. Security in sin is the worst condition of the sinner. 
           4. Safety; certainty. We have no security for peace with Algiers, but the dread of our navy. 
           5. Anything given or deposited to secure the payment of a debt, or the performance of a contract; as a bond with surety, a mortgage, the indorsement of a responsible man, a pledge, &c.
           6. Something given or done to secure peace or good behavior. Violent and dangerous men are obliged to give security for their good behavior, or for keeping the peace. This security  
in being bound with one or more sureties in a recognizance to the king or state.


Topic: Sedan
Definition:
SEDAN',  n.  [L. sedeo; like L. esseda]  A portable chair or cover vehicle for carrying a single person.  It is borne on poles by two men.


Topic: Sedate
Definition:
SEDA'TE,  a.  [L. sedatus, from sedo, to calm or appease, that is, to set, to cause to subside.]  Settled; composed; calm; quiet; tranquil; still; serene; unruffled by passion; udisturbed; as a sedate soul, mind or temper.  So we say, a sedate look or countenance.


Topic: Sedateness
Definition:
SEDA'TENESS,  n.  Calmness of mind, manner or countenance; freedom from agitation; a settled state; composure; serenity; tranquillity; as sedateness of temper or soul; sedateness of countenance; sedateness of conversation.


Topic: Sedentarily
Definition:
SED'ENTARILY,  adv.  [from sedentary.]  The state of being sedentary, or living without much action.


Topic: Sedentary
Definition:
SED'ENTARY,  a.  [L. sedentarius, from sedens, sedeo, to sit.]
           1. Accustomed to sit much, or to pass most of the time in a sitting posture; as a sedentary man. Students, taylors and women are sedentary persons.
           2. Requiring much sitting; as a sedentary occupation or employment. 
           3. Passed for the most part in sitting; as a sedentary life.
           4. Inactive; motionless; sluggish; as the sedentary earth. 
                   The soul, considered abstractly from its passions, is of a remiss sedentary nature.
                                                                                                                       Spectator.


Topic: Sedge
Definition:
SEDGE,  n.  [L. seco, to cut; that is sword grass, like L. gladiolus.]
           1. A narrow flag, or growth of such flags; called in the north of England, seg or sag. 
           2. In New England, a species of very coarse grass growing in swamps, and forming bogs or clumps.


Topic: Sediment
Definition:
SED'IMENT,  n.  [L. sedimentum, from sedeo, to settle.]  The matter which subsides to the bottom of liquors; settlings; lees; dregs.


Topic: Sedition
Definition:
SEDI''TION,  n.  [L. seditio. The sense of this word is the contrary of that which is naturally deducible from sedo, or sedeo, denoting a rising or raging, rather than an appeasing. But to set is really to throw down, to drive, and sedition may be a setting or rushing together.]  A factious commotion of the people, a tumultuous assembly of men rising in opposition to law or the administration of justice, and in disturbance of the public peace. Sedition is a rising or commotion of less extent than an insurrection, and both are less than rebellion; but some kinds of sedition, in Great Britain, amount to high treason. In general, sedition is a local or limited insurrection in opposition to civil authority, as mutiny is to military.


Topic: Seditious
Definition:
SEDI''TIOUS,  a.  [L. seditiosus.]
           1. Pertaining to sedition; partaking of the nature of sedition; as seditious behavior; seditious strife. 
           2. Tending to excite sedition; as seditious words.
           3. Disposed to excite violent or irregular opposition to law or lawful authority; turbulent; factious, or guilty of sedition; as seditious citizens.


Topic: Seditiousness
Definition:
SEDI''TIOUSNESS,  n.  The disposition to excite popular commotion in opposition to law; or the act of exciting such commotion.


Topic: Seduce
Definition:
SEDU'CE,  v. t.  [L. seduco; se, from, and duco, to lead.]  
           1. To draw aside or entice from the path of rectitude and duty in any manner, by flattery, 
promises, bribes or otherwise; to tempt and lead to iniquity; to corrupt; to deprave.
                   Me the gold of France did not seduce. Shak.
                   In the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits. 
                                                                                        Tim. 4.
           2. To entice to a surrender of chastity. He that can seduce a female is base enough to betray her.


Topic: Seducement
Definition:
SEDU'CEMENT,  n.  
           1. The act of seducing; seduction.
           2. The means employed to seduce; the arts of flattery, falsehood and deception.


Topic: Seducer
Definition:
SEDU'CER,  n.  
           1. One that seduces; one that by temptation or arts, entices another to depart from the path of rectitude and duty; pre-eminently, one that by flattery, promises or falsehood, persuades a female to surrender her chastity. The seducer of a female is little less criminal than the murderer.
           2. That which leads astray; that which entices to evil. 
                   He whose firm faith no reason could remove,
                   Will mest before that soft seducer, love. Dryden.


Topic: Seduction
Definition:
SEDU'CTION,  n.  [L. seductio.]
           1. The act of seducing or of enticing from the path of duty.
          2. Appropriately, the act or crime of persuading a female, by flattery or deception, to surrender her chastity. A woman who is above flattery, is least liable to seduction; but the best safeguard is principle, the love and purity of holiness, the fear of God and reverence forHis commandments.


Topic: Sedulity
Definition:
SEDU'LITY,  n.  [L. sedulitas. See Sedulous.]  Diligent and assiduous application to business; constant attention; unremitting industry in any pursuit. It denotes constancy and perseverance rather than intenseness of application. 
                   Let there be but the same propensity and bent of will to religion, and there will be the same sedulity and indefatigable industry in men's inquiries into it. South. 


Topic: Sedulous
Definition:
SED'ULOUS,  a.  [L. sedulus, from the root of sedeo, to sit; as assiduous from assideo.]  Literally, sitting close to an employment; hence, assiduous; diligent in application or pursuit; constant, steady and persevering in business or endeavors to effect an object; steadily industrious; as the sedulous bee.
                   What signifies the sound of words in prayer, without the affection of heart, and a sedulous application of the proper means that may lead to such an end?  L'Estrange.


Topic: Seed
Definition:
SEED,  n.  
            1. The substance, animal or vegetable, which nature prepares for the reproduction and conservation of the species. The seeds of plants are a deciduous part, containing the rudiments of a new vegetable. In some cases, the seeds costitute the fruit or valuable part of plants, as in the case of wheat and other esculent grain; sometimes the seeds are inclosed in fruit, as in apples and melons. When applied to animal matter, it has no plural.
           2. That from which any thing springs; first principle; original; as the seeds of virtue or vice.
           3. Principle of production.
                   Praise of great acts he scatters as a seed. Waller.
           4. Progeny; offspring; children; descendants; as the seed of Abraham; the seed of David. In this sense, the word is applied to one person, or to any number collectively, and admits of the plural form; but rarely used in the plural.
           5. Race; generation; birth.
                   Of mortal seed they were not held. Waller.
SEED,  v. i.
           1. To grow to maturity, so as to produce seed. Maiz will not seed in a cool climate.
           2. To shed the seed.
 
SEED,  v. t.  To sow; to sprinkle with seed, which germinates and takes root.


Topic: Seed-leaf
Definition:
SEE'D-LEAF,  n.  In botany, the primary leaf. The seed-leaves are the cotyledons or lobes of a seed expanded and in the vegetation.


Topic: Seed-time
Definition:
SEE'D-TIME,  n.  [seed and time]  The season proper for sowing.
                   While the earth remaineth, seed-time and harvest, and cold and heat, and winter, and day and night, shall not cease. Gen. 8.


Topic: Seedy
Definition:
SEE'DY,  a.  [from seed.]  
           1. Abounding with seeds.
           2. Having a peculiar flavor, supposed to be derived from the weeds growing amoung vines; applied to French brandy.


Topic: Seeing
Definition:
SEE'ING,  ppr.  [from see.]  Perceiving by the eye; knowing; understanding; observing; beholding.
[Note.  This participle appears to be used indefinitely, or without direct reference to a person or persons.  'Wherefore come ye to me, seeing ye hate me.?'  Gen. 26.  That is, since, or the fact being that or thus; because that.  In this form of phraseology, that is understood or implied after seeing; why come ye to me, seeing that, ye hate me?  The resolution of the phrase or sentence is, ye hate me; that fact being seen or known by you, why come ye to me? or why come you to me, ye seeing [knowing] that fact which follows, viz. ye hate me.  In this case, seeing retains its participial character, although its relation to the pronoun is somewhat obscured. Originally, seeing, in this use, had direct relation to the speaker or to some other person.  'Mow I know that thou fearest God, seeing thou hast not witheld thy son.'  Gen. 22.  Here seeing refers to I, or according to the language of syntax, agrees or accords with I.  I know thou fearest God, for I see thou hast not withheld thine only son; I know thou fearest God by seeing, in consequence of seeing this fact, thou hast not withheld thine only son.  But the use of seeing is extended to cases in which it cannot be referred to a specifec person or persons, in which cases it expresses the notoriety or admission of a fact in general, and is left, like the French on, in the phrases on dit, on voit, without application to any particular person.] 


Topic: Seek
Definition:
SEEK,  v.t.  pret and pp. sought, pronounced sawt.  [L. sequor, to follow; for to seek is to go after, and the primary sense is to advance, to press, to drive forward, as in the L. peto.]
           1. To go in searh or quest of; to look for; to search for by going from place to place.
                   The man asked him, saying, what seekest thou?  And he said, I seek my brethen. 
                                                                                                                       Gen. 37. 
           2. To inquire for; to ask for; to solicit; to endeavor to find or gain by any means.
                   The young lions roar after their prey, and seek their meat from God. Ps. 104.
                   He found no place for repentance, though he sought it carefully with tears. Heb. 12


Topic: Seeker
Definition:
SEEKER,  n.  
           1. One that seeks; an inquirer; as a seeker of truth.
           2. One of a sect that profess no determinate religion.


Topic: Seel
Definition:
SEEL,  v. t.  To close the eyes; a term of falconry, from the practice of the closing the eyes of a wild hawk.
SEEL,  v. i.  [See Sell.]  To lean ; to incline to one side.  Obs.
SEEL, n.  The rolling or agitation of a ship in a storm.  Obs.


Topic: Seely
Definition:
SEE'LY,  a.  [from seel.]  
           1. Lucky; fortunate. Obs.
           2. Silly; foolish; simple. Obs. [See Silly.]


Topic: Seem
Definition:
SEEM,  v. i.
           1. To appear; to make or have a show or semblance.
                   Thou art not what thou seems't. Shak. 
                   All seem'd well pleased; all seem'd, but were not all. Milton.
           2. To have the appearance of truth or fact; to be understood as true. It seems that the Turkish power is on the decline.
                   A prince of Italy, it seems, entertained his mistress on a great lake. Addison.
SEEM,  v. t.  To become; to befit.  Obs.


Topic: Seemer
Definition:
SEE'MER,  n.  One that carries an appearance or semblance.
                   Hence we shall see
 If pow'r change purpose, what our seemers be.  Shak. 


Topic: Seeming
Definition:
SEE'MING,  ppr.  
           1. Appearing; having the appearance or semblance, whether real or not.
           2. a. Specious.
SEE'MING,  n.  
           1. Appearance; show; semblance.
           2. Fair appearance.
                   These keep


Topic: Seemingly
Definition:
SEE'MINGLY,  adv.  In appearance; in show; in semblance.  
                   This the father seemingly complied with. Addison.
                   they depend often on remote and seemingly disproportioned causes. Atterbury.


Topic: Seemliness
Definition:
SEE'MLINESS,  n.  [from seemly.]  Comliness; grace; fitness; propriety; decency; decorum.
                   When seemliness combines with portliness. Camden.


Topic: Seemly
Definition:
SEE'MLY,  a.  Becoming; fit; suited to the object, occasion, purpose or character; suitable.
                   Suspense of judgement and excercise of charity were safer and seemlier for christian men, than the hot pursuit of these controversies. Hooker.
                   Honor is not seemly for a fool. Prov. 26.
SEE'MLY,  adv.  In a decent or suitable manner.


Topic: Seen
Definition:
SEEN,  pp. of see.  
           1. Beheld; observed; understood.
           2. a. Versed; skilled.
                   Noble Boyle, not less in nature seen-  Obs. Dryden.


Topic: Seer
Definition:
SEER, n. [from see.]   
           1. One who sees; as a seer of visions.
           2. A prophet; a person who forsees future events.


Topic: Seethe
Definition:
SEETHE,  v. t.  pret. seethed, sod; pp. seethed, sodden. [Heb. to seethe, to boil, to swell, to be inflated.]  To boil; to decoct or prepare for food in hot liquor; as, to seethe flesh.
                   Thou shalt not seethe a kid in its mother's milk. Ex. 23.
SEETHE,  v. i.  To be in a state of ebullition; to be hot.  [This word is rarely used in the common concerns of life.]


Topic: Segment
Definition:
SEG'MENT,  n.  [L. segmentum, from seco, to cut off.] 
           1. In geometry, that part of the circle contained between a chord and an arch of that circle, or so much of the circle as is cut off by the chord.
           2. In general, a part cut off or divided; as the segments of a calyx.


Topic: Segregate
Definition:
SEG'REGATE,  v. t.  [L. segrego; se, from, and grex, flock.]  To separate from others; to set apart.
SEG'REGATE,  a.  Select.  [Little used.]


Topic: Sehat-fish
Definition:
SEH'AT-FISH,  n.  A fish, a species of Silurus, having a long slimy body destitute of scales, and the back dusky, like that of an eel.


Topic: Seigneurial
Definition:
SEIGNEURIAL,  a.  
           1. Pertaining to the lord of a manor; manorial.
           2. Vested with large powers; independent.


Topic: Seignior
Definition:
SEIGNIOR,  n.  [L. senior, elder.]  A lord; the lord of a manor; but used also in the sout of Europe as a title of honor.  The sultan of Turkey is called Grand Seignior.


Topic: Seigniorage
Definition:
SEIGNIORAGE,  n.  A royal right or prerogative of the king of England, by which he claims an allowance of gold and silver brought in the mass to be exchanged for coin.


Topic: Seigniory
Definition:
SEIGNIORY,  n.  
           1. A lordship; a manor.
           2. The power or authority of a lord; dominion.
                   O'Neal never had any seignory over that country, but what he got by encroachment upon the English.


Topic: Sein
Definition:
SEIN,  n.  [L. sagena.]  A large net for catching fish.  The seins used for taking shad in the Connecticut, sometimes sweep nearly the whole breadth of the river.


Topic: Seize
Definition:
SEIZE,  v.t.  
           1. To fall or rush upon suddenly and lay hold on; or to gripe or grasp suddenly. The tiger rushes from the thicket and seizes his prey. A dog seizes an animal by the throat. The hawk seizes a chicken with his claws. The officer seizes a theif.
           2. To take possession by force, with or without right.
                   At last they seize The scepter, and regard not David's son. Milton.
           3. To invade suddenly; to take hold of; to come upon suddenly; as, a fever seizes a patient
                   And hope and doubt alternate seize her soul. Pope.
           4. To take possession by virtue of a warrant or legal authority. The sherif seized the debtor's goods; the whole estate was seized and cofiscated. We say, to arrest a person, to seize goods.
           5. To fasten; to fix. In seaman's language, to fasten two ropes or different parts oof one rope together with a cord.


Topic: Seized
Definition:
SE'IZED,  pp.  Suddenly caught or grasped; taken by force; invaded suddenly; taken possession of; fastened with a cord; having possession.


Topic: Seizing
Definition:
SE'IZING,  ppr.  Falling on and grasping suddenly; laying hold on suddenly; taking possession by force, or taking by warrant; fastening.
SE'IZING,  n.  
           1. The act of taking or grasping suddenly.
           2. In seamen's language, the operation of fastening together ropes with a cord; also, the cord or cords used for such fastening.


Topic: Seizure
Definition:
SE'IZURE,  n.  
           1. The act of seizing; the act of laying hold on suddenly; as the seizure of a thief.
           2. The act of taking possession by force; as the seizure of lands or goods; the seizureof a town by an enemy; the seizure of a throne by a usurper.
           3. The act of taking by warrant; as the seizure of contraband goods.
           4. The thing taken or seized.
           5. Gripe; grasp; possession.
                   And give me seizure of the mighty wealth. Dryden.
           6. Catch; a catching.
                   let there be no sudden seizure of a lapsed syllable, to play upon it. Watts.


Topic: Sejant
Definition:
SE'JANT,  a.  In heraldry, sitting, like a great cat with the fore feet straight; applied to a lion or other beast. 


Topic: Sejugous
Definition:
SEJU'GOUS,  a.  [L. sejigus; sex, six, and jugum, yoke.]  In botany, a sejugous leaf is a pinnate leaf having six pairs of leaflets.


Topic: Sejunction
Definition:
SEJUNC'TION,  n.  [l. sejunctio; se, from, and jungo, to join.]  The act of disjoining; a disuniting; separation.  [Little used.]


Topic: Seldom
Definition:
SEL'DOM,  adv.  [Sel probably signifies separate, distinct, coinciding with L. solus.]  Rarely; not often; not frequently.
                   Wisdom and youth are seldom joined in one. Hooker.
SEL'DOM,  a.  Rare; unfrequent.  [Little used.]


Topic: Select
Definition:
SELECT',  v. t.  [L. selectus, from seligo; se, from, and lego, to pick, cull or gather.]  to choose and take from a number; to take by preference from among others; to pick out; to cull; as, to select the best authors for persual; to select the most interesting and virtuous men for associates.
SELECT',  a.  Nicely chosen; taken from a number by preference; choice; whence, preferable; more valuable or excellent than others; as a body of select troops; a select company or society; a library consisted of select authors.


Topic: Selection
Definition:
SELEC'TION,  n.  [L. selectio.]  
           1. The act of choosing and taking from among a number; a taking from a number by preference.
           2. A numbers of things selected or taken from others by preference. I have a small but valuable selection of books.


Topic: Selectman
Definition:
SELECT'MAN,  n.  [select and man.]  In New England, a town officer chosen anually to manage the concerns of the town, provide for the poor, &c. Their number is usually from three to seven in each town, and these constitute a kind of executive authority.


Topic: Selenite
Definition:
SEL'ENITE,  n.  [Gr. the moon; so called on account of its reflecting the the moon's light with brilliancy.]  Foliated or crystalized sulphate of lime. Selenite is a subspecies of sulphate of lime, of two varieties, massive and acicular.


Topic: Selenium
Definition:
SELE'NIUM,  n.  [supra.]  A new elementary body or substance, extracted from the pyrite of Fahlun in Sweden. It is of a gray dark brown color, with a brilliant metallic luster, and slighty translucent. It is doubted whether it ought to be classified with the metals.


Topic: Seleniuret
Definition:
SELENIU'RET, n. A newly discovered mineral, of a shining lead gray color, with granular  SELENU'RET,  texture. It is composed chiefly of selenium, silver and copper.


Topic: Selenography
Definition:
SELENOG'RAPHY,  n.  [Gr. the moon; to describe.]  A desciption of the moon and its phenomena; a branch of cosmography.


Topic: Self
Definition:
SELF,  a. or pron.  plu. selves; used chiefly in composition.
           1. In old authors, this sometimes signifies particular, very, or same. 'And on tham sylfan geare;' in that same year, that very year. Sax. Chron. A.D. 1052, 1061.
                   Shoot another arrow that self way. Shak.
                   On these self hills. Raleigh.
                   At that self moment enters Palamon. Dryden.
           In this sense, self is an adjective, and is now obsolete, except when followed by same; as on the self-same day; the self-same hour; the self-same thing; which is tautology.
           2. In present usage, selfis united to certain personal pronouns and pronominal adjectives, to express emphasis or distinction; also when the pronoun is used reciprocally. thus, for emphasis, I myself will write; I will examine for myself; Thou thyself shalt go; thou shalt see for thyself; You yourself shall write; you shall see for yourself. He himself shall write; he shall examine for himself. She herself shall write; she shall examine for herself. The child itself shall be carried; it shall be present itself.
     Reciprocally, I abhor myself; thou enrichest thyself; he loves himself; she admires herself; it pleases itself; we value ourselves; ye hurry yourselves; they see themselves. I did not hurt him, he hurt himself; he did not hurt me, I hurt myself.
     Except when added to pronouns used reciprocally, self serves to give emphasis to the pronoun, or to render the distinction expressed by it more emphatical. 'I myself will decide,' not only expresses my determination to decide, but the determination that no other shall decide.


Topic: Self-abasement
Definition:
SELF-ABA'SEMENT,  n.  Humiliation or abasement proceeding from consciouness of inferiority, guilt or shame.


Topic: Self-activity
Definition:
SELF-ACTIV'ITY,  n.  [self and activity.]  Self-motion, or the power of moving one's self without foreign aid.


Topic: Self-centered
Definition:
SELF-CEN'TERED,  a.  [self and center.]  Centered in itself.
                   The earth self-center'd and unmoved. Dryden.


Topic: Self-confidence
Definition:
SELF-CON'FIDENCE,  n.  [self and confidence.]  Confidence in one's own judgement or ability; reliance on one's own opinion or powers, without other aid.


Topic: Self-confident
Definition:
SELF-CON'FIDENT,  a.  Confident of one's own strength or powers; relying on the correctness of one's own judgement, or the competence of one's own powers, without other aid.


Topic: Self-contradiction
Definition:
SELF-CONTRADIC'TION,  n.  [self and contradiction.]  the art of contradicting itself; repugnancy in terms. To be and not to be at the same time, is a self-contradiction; a proposition consisting of two members, one of which contradicts the other.


Topic: Self-deceit
Definition:
SELF-DECE'IT,  n.  [self and deceit.]  Deception respecting one's self, or that originates from one's own mistake; self-deception.


Topic: Self-deceived
Definition:
SELF-DECE'IVED,  a.  [self and deceive.]  Deceived or mislead respecting one's self by one's own mistake or error.


Topic: Self-defense
Definition:
SELF-DEFENSE,  n.  self-defens'.  [self and defense.]  The act of defending one's own person, property or reputation. A man may be justifiable in killing another in self-defense.


Topic: Self-denial
Definition:
SELF-DENI'AL,  n.  [self and denial.]  The denial of one's self; the forbearing to gratify one's own appetites or desires.


Topic: Self-destruction
Definition:
SELF-DESTRUC'TION,  n.  [self and destruction.]  The desruction of one's self; voluntary destruction.


Topic: Self-determination
Definition:
SELF-DETERMINA'TION,  n.  [self and determination.]  Determination by one's own mind; or determination by its own powers, without extraneous impulse or influnce.


Topic: Self-determining
Definition:
SELF-DETERM'INING,  a.  Determining by or of itself; determining or deciding without extraneous power or influence; As the self-determining power of the will.


Topic: Self-devotement
Definition:
SELF-DEVO'TEMENT,  n.  The devoting of one's person and services voluntarily to any difficult or hazardous employment.


Topic: Self-evidence
Definition:
SELF-EV'IDENCE,  n.  [self and evidence.]  Evidence or certainty resulting from a proposition without proof; evidence that ideas offer to the mind upon bare statement.


Topic: Self-evident
Definition:
SELF-EV'IDENT,  a.  Evident without proof or reasoning; that produces certainty or clear conviction upon a bare presentation to the mind; as a self-evident propostion or truth. That two and three make five, is self-evident.


Topic: Self-examination
Definition:
SELF-EXAMINA'TION,  n.  [self and examination.]  An examination or scrutiny into one's own state,conduct or motives, particularly in regard to religious affections and duties.


Topic: Self-existence
Definition:
SELF-EXIST'ENCE,  n.  [self and existence.]  Inherent existence; the existence possossed by virtue of a being's own nature, and independent of any other being or cause; an attribute peculiar to God.


Topic: Self-existent
Definition:
SELF-EXIST'ENT,  A.  Existing by its own nature or essense, independent of any other cause. God is the only self-existent being.


Topic: Self-heal
Definition:
SELF'-HEAL,  n.  [self and heal.]  A plant of the genus Sanicula, and another of the genus Prunella.


Topic: Self-healing
Definition:
SELF-HE'ALING,  a.  Having the power or property of healing itself.  The self-healing power of living animals and vegetables is a property as wonderful as it is indicative of divine goodness.
   


Topic: Self-interest
Definition:
SELF-IN'TEREST,  n.  [self and interest.]  Private interest; the interest or advantage of one's self.


Topic: Self-motion
Definition:
SELF-MO'TION,  n.  [self and motion.]  Motion given by inherent powers, without external impulse; spontaneous motion.
                   Matter is not indued with self-motion. Cheyne.


Topic: Self-moving
Definition:
SELF-MOVING,  a.  Moving or exiting to action by ingerent power, without the impulse of another body or extraneous ingluence.


Topic: Self-neglecting
Definition:
SELF-NEGLECT'ING, n.  [self and neglect.]  A neglecting of one's self.
                   Self-love is not so great a sin as self-neglecting. Shak.


Topic: Self-partiality
Definition:
SELF-PARTIAL'ITY;  n.  [self and partiality.]  That partiality by which a man overrates his own worth when compared with others.


Topic: Self-preservation
Definition:
SELF-PRESERVA'TION,  n.  [self and preservation.]  The preservation of one's self from destruction or injury.


Topic: Self-reproving
Definition:
SELF-REPROVING,  a.  Reproving by consciouness.
SELF-REPROVING,  n.  The act of reproving by a conscious sense of guilt.


Topic: Self-restrained
Definition:
SELF-RESTRA'INED,  a.  [self an restrain.]  Restrained by itself, or by one's own power or will; not controlled by external force or authority.


Topic: Self-sufficiency
Definition:
SELF-SUFFI''CIENCY,  n.  [self and sufficiency.]  An overweening opinion of one's own strength or worth; excessive confidence in one's own competence or sufficiency.


Topic: Self-sufficient
Definition:
SELF-SUFFI''CIENT,  a.  Having full confidence in one's own strength, abilities or endowments; whence, haughty; overbearing.


Topic: Self-willed
Definition:
SELF-WILL'ED,  a.  Governed by one's own will; not yielding to the will or wishes of others; not accomodating or compliant; obstinate.


Topic: Selfish
Definition:
SELF'ISH,  a.  Regarding one's own interest chiefly or soley; influenced in actions by a view to private advantage.


Topic: Selfishly
Definition:
SELF'ISHLY,  adv.  The exclusive of a person to his own interest or happiness; or that supreme self-love or self-preference, which leads a person in his actions to direct his purposes to the advancement of his own interest, power or happiness, without regarding the interest of others. Selfishness, in its worst or unqualified sense, is the ver essence of human depravity, and it stands in direct opposition to benevolence, which is the essence of the divine character. As God is love, so man, in his natural state, is selfishness.


Topic: Sell
Definition:
SELL,  for self; and sells for selves.  [Scot.]
SELL,  n.  [L. sella.]  A saddle, and a throne.  Obs.
SELL,  v. t.  pret. and pp. sold.  [
           1. To transfer property or the exclusive right of possession to another for an equivalent in money. It is correlative to buy, as one party buys what the other sells. It is distinguished from exchange or barter, in which one commodity is given for another; wheras in selling the consideration is money, or its representative in current notes. To this distinction there may be certain exceptions. 'Esau sold his birthright to Jacob for a mess of pottage.' But this is unusual. 'Let us sell Joseph to the Ishmaelites- And they sold him for twenty pieces of silver.'  Gen. 37.
     Among the Hebrews, parents had power to sell their children.
           2. To betray; to deliver or surrender for money or reward; as, to sell one's country.
           3. To yield or give for a certain consideration. the troops fought like lions, and sold their lives dearly. that is, they yielded their lives, but first destroyed many, which made it a dear purchase for their enemies.
           4. In Scripture, to give up to be harassed and made slaves.
                   He sold them into the hands of their enemies. Judg. 2.
           5. To part with; to renounce or forsake.
                   Buy the truth and sell it not. Prov. 23.


Topic: Selling
Definition:
SELL'ING,  ppr.  
           1. Transferring the property of a thing for a price or equivalent in money.
           2. Betraying for money.


Topic: Selvedge
Definition:
SELV'EDGE,  n.  The edgr of a cloth, where it is closed by complication the threads; a woven border, or border of the close works.


Topic: Semblance
Definition:
SEM'BLANCE,  n.
           1. Likeness; resemblance; actual similitude; as the semblance of worth; semblance of virtue.
                   The semblance and initations of shells. Woodward.
           2. Appearance; show; figure; form.
                   Their semblance kind, and mild their gestures where. Fairfax. 


Topic: Semblant
Definition:
SEM'BLANT,  n.  Show; figure; resemblance.  [Not in use.]
SEM'BLANT,  a.  Like; resembling.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Semblative
Definition:
SEM'BLATIVE,  a.  Resembling; fit; suitable; according to.
                  And all is semblativea woman's part. Shak. [Not in use.]


Topic: Semble
Definition:
SEM'BLE,  v. t.  To imitate; to represent or make similar.
                   Where sembling art may carve the fair effect. Shak. [Not in use.]


Topic: Semi-amplexicaul
Definition:
SEMI-AMPLEX'ICAUL,  a.  [L. semi, amplexus, or amplector, to embrace, and caulis, stem.]  
In botang, embracing the stem half way, as a stem.


Topic: Semi-annular
Definition:
SEMI-AN'NULAR,  a.  [L. semi and annulus, a ring.]  Having the figure of a half circle; that is, half round.


Topic: Semi-arian
Definition:
SEMI-A'RIAN,  n.  [See Arian.]  In ecclesiastical history, the Semi-arians were a branch of the Arians, who in appearance condemned the errors of Arius, but acquiesced in some of his principles, disguising them under more moderate terms. they did not acknowledge the Son to be consubstantial with the Father, that is, of the same substance, but admitted him to be of a like substance with the Father, not by nature, but by a peculiar priviledge.
SEMI-A'RIAN,  a.  Pertaining to semi-arianism.


Topic: Semi-arianism
Definition:
SEMI-A'RIANISM,  n.  The doctrines or tenets of the Semi-arians. The semi-arianism of modern times consists in maintaining the Son to have been from all eternity begotten by the will of the father.


Topic: Semi-columnar
Definition:
SEMI-COLUM'NAR,  a.  [semi and columnar.]  Like a half column; flat on one side and round on the other; a term of botany,applied to a stem, leaf or petiole.


Topic: Semi-diameter
Definition:
SEMI-DIAM'ETER,  n.  [semi and diameter.]  Half the diameter; a right line or the length of a right line drawn from the center or sphere to its circumference or periphery; a radius.


Topic: Semi-diapason
Definition:
SEMI-DIAPA'SON,  n.  [semi and diapason.]  In music, an imperfect octave, or an octave diminished by a lesser semitone. 


Topic: Semi-diaphaneity
Definition:
SEMI-DIAPHANE'ITY,  n.  [See Semidiaphanous.]  Half or imperfect transparency.  [Little used.]  [Instead of this, translucency is used.]


Topic: Semi-diaphanous
Definition:
SEMI-DIAPH'ANOUS,  a.  [semi and diaphanous.]  Half or imperfecty transparent.  [Instead of this, translecent is now used.]


Topic: Semi-ditone
Definition:
SEM'I-DITONE,  n.  [semi and It. ditono.]  In music, a lesser third, having its terms as 6 to 5; a hemi-ditone.


Topic: Semi-double
Definition:
SEM'I-DOUBLE,  n.  [semi and double.]  In the Romish breviary, an office celebrated with less solemnity than the double ones, but with more than the single ones.


Topic: Semi-lenticular
Definition:
SEMI-LENTIC'ULAR,  a.  [semi and lenticular.]  Half lenticular or convex; imperfectly resembling a lens.


Topic: Semi-metal
Definition:
SEM'I-METAL,  n.  [semi and metal.]  An imperfect metal, or rather a metal that is not malleable, 
as bismuth, arsenic, nickel, cobalt, zinc, antimony, maganese, tungsten, molybden, and uranite. The name however is usually given to the regulus of these substances.


Topic: Semi-ordinate
Definition:
SEMI-OR'DINATE,  n.  [semi and ordinate.]  In conic sections, a line drawn at right angles to and bisected by the axis, and reaching from one side of the section to the other; the half of which is properly semi-ordinate, but is now called the ordinate.


Topic: Semi-pelagian
Definition:
SEMI-PELA'GIAN,  n.In ecclesiastical history, the Semi-pelagians are persons who retain some tincture of the doctrines of pelagius. See Pelegianism. They hold that God has not by predestination dispensed his grace to one more than another; that Christ died to all men; that the grace purchased by Christ and necessary to salvation, is offered to all men; that man, before he receives grace, is capable of faith and holy desires; and that man being born free, is capable of accepting grace, or of resisting its influences.
SEMI-PELA'GIAN,  a.  Pertaining to the Semi-pelagians, or other tenets.


Topic: Semi-pellucid
Definition:
SEMI-PELLU'CID,  a.  [semi and pellucid.]  Half clear, or imperfectly transparent; as a semi-pellucid gem.


Topic: Semi-primigenous
Definition:
SEMI-PRIMIG'ENOUS,  a.  [semi and primigenous.]  In geology, of a middle nature between substances of primary and secondaryformation.


Topic: Semi-proof
Definition:
SEM'I-PROOF,  n.  [semi and proof.]  Half proof evidence from the testimony of a single witness. [Little used.]


Topic: Semi-protolite
Definition:
SEMI-PRO'TOLITE,  n.  [semi and Gr. first and stone.]  A species of fossil of a middle nature between substances of primary and those of secondary formation.


Topic: Semi-quadrate
Definition:
SEMI-QUAD'RATE, n. [L. semi and quadratus, or quartus, fourth.]  An aspect of the SEMI-QUAR'TILE, planets, when distant from each other at half a quadrant, or forty-five degrees, one sign and a half.


Topic: Semi-quintile
Definition:
SEMI-QUIN'TILE,  n.  [L. semi and quintilis.]  An aspect of the planets, when distant from each other half of the quintile, or thirty-six degrees.


Topic: Semi-savage
Definition:
SEMI-SAV'AGE,  a.  [semi and savage.]  Half savage; half barbarian.
SEMI-SAV'AGE,  n.  One who is half savage or imperfectly civilized.


Topic: Semi-sextile
Definition:
SEMI-SEX'TILE,  n.  [semi and sextile.]  An aspect of the planets, when they are distant from each other the twelfth part of a circle, or thirty degrees.


Topic: Semi-transept
Definition:
SEMI-TRAN'SEPT,  n.  [semi and transept; L. trans and septum.]  the half of a transept or cross aisle.


Topic: Semi-vitrification
Definition:
SEMI-VITRIFICA'TION,  n.  [semi and vitrification.]  
           1. The state of being imperfectly vitrified.
           2. A substance imperfectly vitrified.


Topic: Semi-vowel
Definition:
SEM'I-VOWEL,  n.  [semi and vowel.]  In grammar, a half vowel, or an articulation which is accompanied with an imperfect sound. Thus el, em, en, though uttered with close organs do not wholly interrupt the sound; and they are called semi-vowels.


Topic: Semibreve
Definition:
SEM'IBREVE,  [semi and breve; formerly written semibref.]  In music, a note of half the duration of time of the breve. It is the measure note by which all others are regulated. It contains the time of two minims, four crotchets, eights quavers, sixteen semiquavers and thirty-two demisemiquavers.


Topic: Semicircle
Definition:
SEM'ICIRCLE,  n.  [semi and circle.]  
          1. The half of a circle; the part of a circle comprehended between its diameter and half of its circumference. 
           2. Any body in the form of a half circle.


Topic: Semicolon
Definition:
SEM'ICOLON,  n.  [semi and colon.]  In grammar, and punctuation, the point [;] the mark of pause to be observed- in reading or speaking, of less duration than the colon, double the duration of the comma, or half the duration of the period. It is used to distinguish the conjunct members of the sentence. 


Topic: Semifloret
Definition:
SEM'IFLORET,  n.  [semi and floret.]  A half floret, which is tubulous at the beginning, like a floret, and afterwards expanded in the form of a tongue.


Topic: Semiflosculous
Definition:
SEMIFLOS'CULOUS,  a.  [semi and L. flosculous, a little flower. Semifloscular is also used, but is less analogical.]  Composed of semiflorets; ligulate; as a semiflosculous flower.


Topic: Seminal
Definition:
SEM'INAL,  a.  [L. seminalis, from semen, seed; from the root of sow.]
           1. Pertaining to seed, or to the elements of production.
           2. Contained in a seed; radical; rudimental; original; as seminal principles of generation; seminal virtue.


Topic: Seminary
Definition:
SEM'INARY,  n.  [L. seminarium, from semen, seed; semino, to sow.]
           1. A seed-plant; ground where seed is sown for producing plants for transplantation; a nursery; as, to transplant trees from a seminary.
[In this sense, the word is not used in America; being superseded by nusery.]
           2. The place or original stock whence anything is brought.
                   This stratum, being the seminary or promptuary, furnishing matter for the formation of animal or vegetable bodies-  Woodward. [Not in use.]
           3. Seminal state. [Not in use.]
           4. Source of propagation.
           5. A place of education; any school, academy, college or univerlity, in which young persons are instructed in the several branches of learning which may qualify them for future employments. [This is the only signification of the word in the United States, at least as far as my knowledge  


Topic: Semination
Definition:
SEMINA'TION,  n.  [L. seminatio.]  
           1. The act of sowing.
           2. In botany, the natural dispersion of seeds.


Topic: Semiquaver
Definition:
SEM'IQUAVER,  n.  [semi and quaver.]  In music, a note of half the duration of the quaver; the sixteenth of the semibreve.
SEM'IQUAVER,  v. t.  To sound or sing in semiquavers.


Topic: Semitertian
Definition:
SEMITER'TIAN,  a.  [semi and tertian.]  Compounded of a tertian and a quotidian ague.
SEMITER'TIAN,  n.  Am intermittent compounded of a tertian and a quotidian.


Topic: Semitone
Definition:
SEM'ITONE,  n.  [semi and tone.]  In music, half a tone; an interval of sound, as between mi and fa on the diatonic scale, which is only half the distance of an interval between ut and re, or sol and la. It is the smallest interval admitted in modern.


Topic: Sempiternal
Definition:
SEMPITERN'AL,  a.  [L. sempiternus; semper, always, and eternus, eternal.]  
           1. Eternal in futurity; everlasting; endless; having beginning, but no end.
           2. Eternal; everlasting.


Topic: Sen
Definition:
SEN,  adv.  This word is usedby some of our common people for since. It seems to be a contraction of since, or it is the Sw. sen, Dan. seen, slow, late.


Topic: Senate
Definition:
SEN'ATE,  n.  [L. senatus, from senex, old.]  
           1.An a assembly or council of senators; a body of the principal inhabitants of the city or state,
with a share in the government. The senate of ancient Rome was one of the most illustrious bodies of men that ever bore this name. Some of the Swiss cantons have a senate, either legislative or executive.
           2. In the United States, senate denotes the higher branch or house of legislature. Such is the senate of the United States, or upper house of the congress; and in most of the states, the higher and least numerous branch of the legislature, is called the senate. In the U. States, the senate is an elective body.
           3. In a looser sense, Any legislative or deliberative boky of men; as the eloquence of the senate.


Topic: Senator
Definition:
SEN'ATOR,  n.
           1. A mimber of a senate. In Rome one of the qualifications of a senator was the possession of property to the amount of 80,000 sesterces, about 7000 pounds sterling, or thirty dollars. In Scotland, the lords of session are called senators of the college of justices.
           2. A counselor; a judge or magistrate.


Topic: Senatorial
Definition:
SENATO'RIAL,  a.  
           1. Pertaining to a senate; becoming a senator; as senatorial robes; senatorial eloquence.
           2. Entitled to elect a senator; as senatorial district.


Topic: Send
Definition:
SEND,  v. t. pret. and pp. sent.  
           1. In a general sense, to throw, cast or thrust; to impel or drive by force to a distance, either with the hand or with an instrument or by other means. We send a ball with the hand or with a bat; a bow sends an arrow; a cannon sends a shot; a trumpet sends the voice much farther than the unassisted organs of speech.
           2. To cause to be conveyed or transmitted; as, to send letters or dispatches from one country to another. 
           3. To cause to go or pass from place to place; as, to send a messenger from London to Madrid.
           4. To commission, autorize or direct to go and act.
                   I have not sent these prophets, yet they ran. Jer. 23.
           5. To cause to come or fall; to bestow.
                   He sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust. Matt. 5.
           6. To cause to come or fall; to inflict.
                   The Lord shall send upon thee cursing, vexation and rebuke. Duet. 28.
           7. To propagate; to diffuse.
                   Cherubic songs by night from neighb'ring hills
                   Aerial music send. Milton.


Topic: Senescence
Definition:
SENES'CENCE,  n.  [L. senesco, from senex, old. See Senate.]  The state of growing old; decay by time.


Topic: Seneschal
Definition:
SEN'ESCHAL,  n.  A steward; an officer in the houses of princes and dignitaries, who has the superintendance of feasts and domestic ceremonies. In some instances, the seneschal is an officer who has the dispensing of justice, as the high seneschal of England, &c.


Topic: Senior
Definition:
SENIOR,  a.  see'nyor.  [L. senior, comp. of senex, old.]  Elder or older; but as an adjective, it usually signifies older in office; as the senior pastor of a church, where there are colleagues; a senior counselor. In such use, senior has no reference to age, for a senior counselor may be, and ofted is the younger man.
SENIOR,  n.  see'nyor.  
           1. A person who is older than another; one more advanced in life.
           2. One that is older in office, or one whose first entrance upon an office was anterior to that of another. Thus a senator or counselor of sixty years of age, often has a senior who is not fifty years of age.
           3. An aged person; one of the oldest inhabitants.
                   A senior of the place replies. Dryden.


Topic: Seniority
Definition:
SENIOR'ITY,  n.  
           1. Eldership; superior age; priority of birth. He is the elder brother, and entitled to the plae of seniority.
           2. Priority in office; as the seniority of a pastor or counselor.


Topic: Sennight
Definition:
SENNIGHT,  n.  sen'nit.  [contracted from sevennight, as fortnight from fourteennight.]  The space of seven nights and days; a week. The court will be held this sennight, that is, a week from this day; or the court will be held next Tuesday sennight, a week from next Tuesday.


Topic: Senocular
Definition:
SENOC'ULAR,  a.  [L. seni, six, and oculus, the eye.]  Having six eyes. 
                   Most animals are binocular, spiders are octonocular, and some are senocular.  


Topic: Sensation
Definition:
SENSA'TION,  n.  [from L. sensus, sentio, to perceive. See Sense.]  The perception of external objects by means of the senses.


Topic: Sense
Definition:
SENSE,  n.  [from L. sensus, from sentio, to feel or perceive.]  
           1. The faculty of the soul by which it perceives external objects by means of impressions made on certain organs of the boky.
     Sense is a branch of perception. the five senses of animals are sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste.
           2. Sensation; perception by the senses.
           3. Perception by the intellect; apprehension; discernment.
           4. Sensibility; quickness or acuteness of perception.
           5. Understanding; soundness of faculties; strength of natural reason.
                   Opprest nature sleeps;
                   This rest might yet have balm'd thy broken senses. Shak.
           6. Reason; reasonable or rational meaning. 
                   He raves; his words are loose
                   As heaps of sand, and scattering wide from sense. Dryden.
           7. Opinion; notion; judgement. 
                   I speak my private but impartial sense
                   With freedom. Roscommon.
           8. Consciousness; conviction; as a due sense of our weakness or sinfulness.
           9. Moral perception.
                   Some are so hardened in wickedness, as to have no sense of the most friendly offices.  


Topic: Senseless
Definition:
SENSELESS,  a.  sens'less.  
           1. Wanting the faculty of perception. The body when dead is senseless; but a limb or other part of the body may be senseless, when the rest of the boky enjoys its usual sensibility.
           2. Unfelling; wanting sympathy.
                   The senseless feels not your pious sorrows. Rowe.
           3. Unreasonable; foolish; stupid.
                   They would repent this their senseless perverseness, when it would be to late.  


Topic: Senselessly
Definition:
SENSELESSLY  adv.  sens'lessly.  In a senseless manner; stupidly; unreasonably; as a man senselessly arrogant.


Topic: Sensibility
Definition:
SENSIBIL'ITY,  n.
           1. Susceptibility of impressions; the capacity for feeling or perceiving the impressions of external objects; applied to the animal bodies; as when we say, a frozen limb has lost its sensibility.
           2. Acuteness of sensation; applied to the body.
           3. Capacity of acuteness of perception; that quality of the soul which renders it susceptible of impressions; delicacy of feeling; as sensibility to pleasure or pain; sensibility to shame or praise; exquisite sensibility.
           4. Actual feeling.
                   This adds to my great sensibility. Burke.
     [This word is often used in this manner for sensation.]
           5. It is sometimes used in the plural.
                   His sensibilities seem rather to have been those of patriotism, than of wounded pride. 


Topic: Sensible
Definition:
SENS'IBLE,  a.  
           1. Having the capacity of receiving impressions from external objects; capable of perceiving by the instrumentality of the proper organs. We say the body or the flesh is sensible, when it feels the impulse of an external body. It may be more or less sensible.
          2. Perceptible by the senses. The light of the moon furnishes no sensible heat.
                   Air is sensible to the touch by its motion. Arbuthnot.
           3. Perceptible or perceived by the mind.
                   The disgrace was more sensible then the pain. Temple.
           4. Perceiving or having perception, either by the mind or the senses.
                   A man cannot think at any time, waking or sleeping, without being sensible of it. 


Topic: Sensibleness
Definition:
SENS'IBLENESS,  n.  
           1. Possibility of being perceived by the senses; as the sensibleness of odor or sound.
           2. Actual perception by the mind or body; as the sensibleness of an impression on the organs. [But qu.]
           3. Sensibility; quickness or acuteness of perception; as the sensibleness of the eye.
           4. Susceptibility; capacity of being strongly affected, or actual feeling; consciousness; as the sensibleness of the soul and sorrow for sin.
           5. Intelligence; reasonableness; good sense.
           6. Susceptibility of slight impressions. [See Sensible, No. 9, 10.]


Topic: Sensibly
Definition:
SENS'IBLY,  adv.  
           1. In a manner to be perceived by the senses; perceptibly to the senses; as pain sensibly increased; motion sensibly accelerated.
           2. With perception, either of mind or body. He feels his loss very sensibly.
           3. Externally; by affecting the senses.
           4. With quick intellectual perception.
          5. With intelligence or good sense; judiciously. The man converses very sensibly on all common topics.


Topic: Sensitive
Definition:
SENS'ITIVE,  a.  [L. sensitivus, from sensus, sentio.]
           1. Having sense or feeling, or having the capacity of perceiving impressions from external objects; as sensitive soul; sensitive appetite; sensitive faculty. 
           2. That affects the senses; as sensitive objects.
           3. Pertaining to the senses, or to sensation; depending on sensation; as sensitive motions; sensitive muscular motions excited by irritation.


Topic: Sensitive-plant
Definition:
SENS'ITIVE-PLANT,  n.  A plant of the genus Mimosa [mimic,] so called from the sensibility of its leaves and footstalks, which shrink, contract and fall on being slightly touched.


Topic: Sensorial
Definition:
SENS'ORIAL,  a.  Pertaining to the sensory or sensorium; as sensorial faculties; sensorial motion or powers.


Topic: Sensual
Definition:
SENSUAL,  a.  [from L. sensus.]
           Pertaining to the senses, as distinct from the mind or soul.
                   Far as creation's ample range extends.
                   The scale of sensual, mental pow'rs ascends. Pope.
           2. Consisting in sense, or depending on it; as sensual appetites, hunger, lust, &c.
           3. Affecting the senses, or derived from them; as sensual pleasure or gratification. Hence,
           4. In theology, carnal; pertaining to the flesh or body, in opposition to the spirit; not spiritual or holy; evil.
           5. Devoted to the gratification of sense; given to the indulgence of the appetites; sewd; luxurious.
                   No small part of virtue consists in abstaining from that on wich sensual men place their felicity. Atterbury.


Topic: Sensualist
Definition:
SENSU'ALIST,  n.  Aperson given to the indulgence of the appetites or senses; one who places his chief happiness in carnal pleasures.


Topic: Sensuality
Definition:
SENSUAL'ITY,  n.  Devotedness o the gratification of the bodily appetites; free indulgence in carnal or sensual pleasures.
                   Those pamper'd animals
                   That rage in savage sensuality. Shak.
                   They avoid dress, lest they should have affections tainted by any sensuality. Addison.


Topic: Sensualize
Definition:
SENS'UALIZE,  v. t.  To make sensual; to subject to the love of sensual pleasure; to debase by carnal gratifications; as sensualized by pleasure.
                   By the neglect of prayer, the thoughts are sensualized.


Topic: Sentence
Definition:
SEN'TENCE,  n.  [from L. sententia, from sentio, to think.]
           1. In law, a judgement pronounced by a court or judge upon a criminal; a jdicial decision publicly and officially declared in a criminal prosecution. In technical language, sentence is used only for the declaration of judgement against the convicted of a crime. In civil cases, the decision of the court is called a judgement. In criminal cases, sentence is a judgement pronounced; doom.
           2. In language not technical, a determination or decision given, particularly a decision that condemns, ar an unfavorable determination. 
                   Let him be sent out lome of Luther's works, that by them we may pass sentence upon his doctrines. Atterbury.
           3. An opinion; judgement concerning a controverted point.
           4. A maxim; an axiom; a short saying containing moral instruction.
           5. Vindication of one's innocence.
           6. In grammar, a period; a number of words containing a complete sense or sentiment, and followed by a full pause. Sentences are simple or compound. A simple sentence consists of one subject and one finite verb; as, 'the Lord reigns.' A compound sentence two or more subjects and finite verbs, as in this verse,
                   He fills, he bounds, connects and equals all. Pope.


Topic: Sentential
Definition:
SENTEN'TIAL,  a.  
           1. Comprising sentences. 
           2. Pertaining to a sentence or full period; as a sentential pause.


Topic: Sententious
Definition:
SENTEN'TIOUS,  a.  
           1. Abounding with sentences, axioms and maxims; short and energetic; as a sententious style or discourse; sententious truth.
                   How he apes his sire,
                   Ambitiously sententious. Addison.
           2. Comprising sentences; as sententious marks.
[This should be sentential.]


Topic: Sententiously
Definition:
SENTEN'TIOUSLY,  adv.  In short expressive periods; with striking brevity.
                   Nausicca delivers her judgement sententiously, to give it more weight. Broome.


Topic: Sententiousness
Definition:
SENTEN'TIOUSNESS,  n.  Pithiness of sentences; brevity with strength.
                   The Medea I esteem for its gravity and sententiousness. Dryden.


Topic: Sentient
Definition:
SENTIENT,  a. sen'shent.  [L. sentiens, sentio.]  That perceives; having the faculty of perception. Man is a sentient being; he possesses a sentient principle.


Topic: Sentiment
Definition:
SEN'TIMENT,  n.  [from L. sentio, to feel, perceive or think.]
           1. Properly. a thought prompted by passion or feeling.
           2. In a popular sense, Thought; opinion; notion; judgement; the decilion of the mind formed by deliberation or reasoning. Thus in deliberative bodies, every man has the privilege of delivering his sentiments upon questions, motions and bills.
           3. The sense, thought or opinion contained in words, but considered as distinct from them. We may like the sentiment, when we dislike the language.
           4. Sensibility; feeling.


Topic: Sentimental
Definition:
SENTIMENT'AL,  a.  
           1. Abounding with sentiment, or just opinions or reflections; as a sentimental discourse.
           2. Expressing quick intellectual feeling.
           3. Affecting sensibility; in a contemptuous sense.


Topic: Sentinel
Definition:
SENT'INEL,  n.  [from L. sentio, to perceive.]  In military affairs, a soildier sent to watch or guard an army, camp or other place from surprise, to observe the approach of danger and give notice of it. In popular sense, the word is contracted into sentry.


Topic: Sentry
Definition:
SEN'TRY,  n.  
           1. [See Sentinel.]
           2. Guard; watch; the duty of a sentines.
                   O'er my slumbers sentry keep. Brown.


Topic: Separability
Definition:
SEPARABIL'ITY,  n.  [from separable.]  The quality of being separable, or of admitting separation or disunion.


Topic: Separable
Definition:
SEP'ARABLE,  a.  That may be separated, disjoined, disunited or rent; as the separable parts of plants; qualities not separable from the substance in which they exsist.


Topic: Separableness
Definition:
SEP'ARABLENESS,  n.  The quality of being capable of separation or disunion. 
                   Trials permit me not to doubt of the separablenessof a yellow tincture from gold. 


Topic: Separate
Definition:
SEP'ARATE,  v. t.  [L. separo.]
           1. To disunite; to divide; to sever; to part, in almost any manner, either things naturally or casually joined. The parts of a solid substance may be separated by breaking, cutting or splitting, or by fusion, decomposition or natural dissolution. A compound body may be separated into its constituent parts. Friends may be separated by necessity, and must be separated by death. The prism separates the several kinds of colored rays. A riddle separates the chaff from the grain.
           2. To set apart from a number for a particular service.


Topic: Separately
Definition:
SEP'ARATELY,  adv.  In a separate or unconnected state; apart; distinctly; singly. The opinions of the council were separately taken.


Topic: Separation
Definition:
SEPARA'TION,  n.  [L. separatio.]  
           1. The act of separating, severing or disconnecting; disjunction; as the separation of the soul from the body.
           2. The state of being separate; disunion; disconection.
                   All the days of his separation he is holy to the lord. Num. 6.
           3. The operation of disuniting or decomposing substances; chimical analysis.
           4. Divorce; disunion of married persons.


Topic: Separatist
Definition:
SEP'ARATIST,  n.  One that withdraws from an established church, to which he has belonged; a dissenter; a seceder; a schismatic; a sectary.


Topic: Separatory
Definition:
SEP'ARATORY,  a.  That separates; as separatory ducts.  [Little used.]
SEP'ARATORY,  n.  A chimical vessel for separating liquors; and a surgical instrument for separating the pericranium from the cranium.


Topic: Sepiment
Definition:
SEP'IMENT,  n.  [L. sepimentum, from sepio, to inclose.]  A hedge; a fence; something that seperates or defends.


Topic: Seps
Definition:
SEPS,  n.  [L. from Gr. Cuvier.]  A species of venomous eft or lizard.  A genus of lizards, the efts, closely resembling the serpents, from which they scarcely differ, expect in their short and often indistinct feet, and the marks of an external auditory oriface.


Topic: Sept
Definition:
SEPT,  n.  [L. prosapia; or Heb.  See Class Sb. No. 23.]  A clan, race or family, proceeding from a common  progrnitor; used of the races or families in Ireland.


Topic: Septaria
Definition:
SEPTA'RIA,  n.  [L. septa, partitions.]  A name given to nodules or spheroidal mass of calcarios marl, whose interior present numerous fissures or seams of some crystalized substance, which divide the mass.


Topic: September
Definition:
SEPTEM'BER,  n.  [L. septem, seven.]  The seventh month from march, which was formerly the first month of the year. September is now the ninth conth of the year.


Topic: Septenary
Definition:
SEP'TENARY,  a.  [L. septenarius, from septem, seven.]  Consisting of seven; as a sepenary number.
SEP'TENARY,  n.  The number seven.


Topic: Septennial
Definition:
SEPTEN'NIAL,  a.  [L. septennis; septem, seven, and annus, year.]  
           1. Lasting or continuing seven years; as septennial parliaments.
           2. Happening or returning once in wvery seven years; as septennial elections in England. 


Topic: Septentrion
Definition:
SEPTEN'TRION,  n.  [L. septentrio.]  The north or northern regions.
SEPTEN'TRION, [L. septentrionalis]  Northern; pertaining to the north.


Topic: Septentrionate
Definition:
SEPTEN'TRIONATE,  v.i.  To tend northerly.  [This word septentrion and its derivatives are hardly anglicized; they are harsh, unnecessary and little used, and may well be suffered to pass into disuse.]


Topic: Septilateral
Definition:
SEPTILAT'ERAL,  a. [L. septem, seven and latus, side.]  Having seven sides; as a septilateral figure.


Topic: Septinsular
Definition:
SEPTIN'SULAR,  a.  [L. septum, seven, and insula, isle.]  Consisting of seven isles; as the  septinsular republic of the Ionian isles.


Topic: Septuagenary
Definition:
SEPTUAG'ENARY,  a.  [L. septuagenarius, from septuaginta, seventy.]  Consisting of seventy.
SEPTUAG'ENARY,  n.  A person seventy years of age.


Topic: Septuagesima
Definition:
SEPTUAGES'IMA,  n.  [L. septuagesimus, seventieth.]  THe third Sunday before Lent, or before 
Quadragesima Sunday, supposed to be called because it is about seventy days before Easter.


Topic: Septuagesimal
Definition:
SEPTUAGES'IMAL,  a.  [supra.]  Cosisting of seventy.
                   Our abriged and septuagesimal age. Brown.


Topic: Septuagint
Definition:
SEP'TUAGINT,  n.  [L. septuaginta, seventy; septem, seven, and some word signifying ten.]  A Greek version of the Old Testament, so call because it was the work of seventy, or rather of seventy-two interpreters. This translation from the Hebrew is supposed have been made in the reign and by the order of Ptolemy Philadelphus, king of Egypt, about two hundred and seventy or eighty years before the birth of Christ.
SEP'TUAGINT,  a.  Pertaining to the Septuagint; contained in the Greek copy of the Old Testament. 
                   The Septuagint chonology makes fifteen hundred years more from the creation to Abraham, than the present Hebrew copies of the Bible. Encyc.


Topic: Septuple
Definition:
SEP'TUPLE,  a.  [Low L. septuplex; septum, seven. and plico, to fold.]  Seven fold; seven times as much.


Topic: Sepulcher
Definition:
SEP'ULCHER,  n.  [from L. sepulchrum, from sepelio, to bury, which seems to be formed with a prefix on the Goth. filhan, to bury.]  A grave; atomb; the place in which a dead body of a human being is interred, or a place destined for that purpose. Among the Jews sepulchers were often excavations in rocks.
SEP'ULCHER,  v. t.  To bury; to inter; to entomb; as obscurely sepulchered.


Topic: Sepulchral
Definition:
SEPUL'CHRAL,  a.  [L. sepulchralis, from sepulchrum.]  Pertaining to burial, to grave, or to monuments erected to the memory of the dead; as sepulchral stone; a sepulchral statue; a sepulchral inscription.


Topic: Sepulture
Definition:
SEP'ULTURE,  n.  Burial; internment; the act of depositing the dead body of a human being in the grave.
                   Where we may royal sepulture prepare. Dryden.


Topic: Sequacious
Definition:
SEQUA'CIOUS, a. [L. sequax, from sequor, to follow. See Seek.]
           1. Following; attendant.
                   Trees uprooted left their place,


Topic: Sequacity
Definition:
SEQUAC'ITY,  n.  [supra.]  
           1.A following, or disposition to follow.
           2. Ductility; pliableness. [Little used.]


Topic: Sequel
Definition:
SE'QUEL,  n.  [L. sequor, to follow.]
           1. That which follows; a succeeding part; as the sequel of a man's adventures or history.
           2. Consequence; event. Lit the sun or moon cease, fail or swerve, and the sequel would be ruin.
           3. Consequence inferred; consequentialness. [Little used.]


Topic: Sequence
Definition:
SE'QUENCE,  n.  [L. sequens, sequor.]
           1. A following, or that which follows; aconsequent.
           2. Order of succession.
                   How art thou king But by fair sequence and succession?  Shak.
           3. Series; arrangement; method. 
           4. In music, a regular alternate succession of similar chords.


Topic: Sequent
Definition:
SE'QUENT,  a.  [supra.] 
           1. Following; succeeding.
           2. Consequential. [Little used.]
SE'QUENT, n.  A follower.  [Not in use.] 


Topic: Sequester
Definition:
SEQUES'TER,  v.t.  [L. sequestro, to sever or separate, to put int the hands of and indifferent person, as a deposit; sequester, belonging to mediation or umpirage, and as a noun an umpire, referee, midiator.  This word is probably a compound of se and the root of quaestus, quaesitus, sought.  See Question.] 
           1. To separate from the owner for a time; to seize or take possession of some property which belongs to another, and hold it tillthe profits hve paid the demand for which it is taken.
                   Formerly the goods of a defendant in chancery, were, in the last resort, sequestered and detained to enforce the degrees of the court. and now the profits of a benefice are sequestered to pay the debts of the ecclesiastecs. Blackstone.
           2. To take from parties in controversy and put into the possession of an indiffernt person.
           3. To put aside; to remove; to separate; frome other things.
                   I had wholly sequestered my civil affairs. Bacon.
           4. To sequester one's self, to separate one's self from seciety; to withdraw or retire; to seclude one's self for the sake of privacy or solitude; as, to sequester one's self from action.
           5. To cause to retire or withdraw into obscurity.
                   It was his taylor and his cook, his fine fashions and his French ragouts which sequestered him. South.
SEQUES'TER,  v. i.  To decline, as a window, any concern with the estate of a husband.


Topic: Sequestered
Definition:
SEQUES'TERED,  pp.  Seized asnd detained for a time, to satisfy a demand; separated; also, being in retirement; secluded; private; as a sequestered situation.


Topic: Sequestration
Definition:
SEQUESTRA'TION,  n.  
           1. The act of taking a thing from parties contending for it, and entrusting it to an indifferent person.
           2. In the civil law, the act of the ordinary, disposing of the goods and chattels of one deceased, whose estate no will meddle with.
           3. The act of taking property from the owner for a time, till the rents, issues and profits satisfy a demand.
           4. The act of seizing the estate of a delinquent for the use of the state.
           5. Separation; retirement; seclusion from society.
           6. State of being separated or set aside.
           7. Disunion; disjunction. [Not in use.]


Topic: Sequestrator
Definition:
SEQUESTRA'TOR,  n.
           1. One that sequesters property, or takes the possession of it for a time, to satilfy a demand out of its rents or profits.
          2. One to whom the keeping of sequestered property is committed. 


Topic: Sequin
Definition:
SE'QUIN,  n.  A gold coin of Venice and Turkey, of different value in different places. At Venice, its value is about 9s. 2d. sterling, or $2.04. In other parts of Italy, it is stated to be of the 9s. value, or $2. It is sometimes written chequin and zechin.  [See Zechin.]


Topic: Seraglio
Definition:
SERAGLIO,  n. seral'yo.  The palace of the Grand Seignior or Turkish sultan, or the palace of a prince. The seraglio of the sultan is a long range of buildings inhabited by the Grand Seignior and all the officers and dependents of his court; and in it is transacted all the business of government. In this also are confined the females of the harem.


Topic: Seraph
Definition:
SER'APH,  n.  plu. seraphs; but sometimes the Hebrew plural, seraphim, is used.  [from Heb. to burn.]  An angel of the highest order.
                   As full, as perfect in vile man that mourns, 
                   As the rapt seraph that adores and burns. Pope.


Topic: Seraphical
Definition:
SERAPH'ICAL, 
           1. Pertaining to a seraph; angelic; sublime; as seraphic purity; seraphic fervor.
           2. Pure; refined from sensuality.
           3. Burning or inflamed with love or zeal. Thus St. Bonaventure was called the seraphic doctor.


Topic: Seraphim
Definition:
SER'APHIM,  n.  [the Hebrew plural of seraph.]  Angels of the highest order in the celestial hierarchy.  [It is sometimes improperly written seraphims.]


Topic: Sere
Definition:
SERE,  a.  Dry; withered; usually written sear, which see.
SERE,  n.  A claw or talon.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Serenade
Definition:
SERENA'DE,  n.  [from L. serenus, clear, serene.]  
           1. Properly, music performed in a clear night; hence, an entertainment of music given in the night by a lover to his mistress under her window. It cosists of generally instrumental music, but that of the voice is sometimes added. The songs composed for these occasions are also called serenades.
           2. Music performed in the streets during the stillness of the night; as a midnight serenade.
SERENA'DE,  v. t.  To entertain with nocturnal music.
SERENA'DE,  v. i.  To perform nocturnal music.


Topic: Serene
Definition:
SERE'NE,  a.  [L. serenus; Heb. Ch. Syr. Ar. to shine. Class Sr. No. 2. 23.47.]  
           1. Clear or fair, and calm; as a serene sky; serene air; Serene imports great purity.
           2. Bright.
                   The moon, serene in glory, mounts the sky. Pope.
           3. Caln; unruffled; undisturbed; as a serene aspect; a serene soul.
           4. A title given to several princes and magistrates in Europe; as serene highness; most serene.
SERE'NE,  n.  A cold damp evening.  [Not in use.]  
SERE'NE,  v. t.  
           1. To make clear and calm; to quiet.
           2. To clear; to brighten.


Topic: Serenely
Definition:
SERE'NELY,  adv.  
           1. Calmly; quietly. 
                   The setting sun now shown serenely bright. Pope.
           2. With unruffled temper; colly.


Topic: Serenity
Definition:
SEREN'ITY,  n.  [L. serenitas.]
           1. Clearness and calmness; as the serenity of the air or sky.
           2. Calmness; quietness; stillness; peace.
                   A general peace and serenity newly succeeded general trouble. Temple.
           3. Calmness of mind; evenness of temper; undisturbed state; collness.
                   I cannot see how any men should transgress those moral rules with confidence and serenity. Locke.
           4. A title of respect.


Topic: Serf
Definition:
SERF,  n.  [L. servus.]  A servant or slave employed in husbandry, and in some countries, attached to the soil and transferred with it. The serfs in Poland are slaves.


Topic: Serge
Definition:
SERGE,  n.  A wollen quilted stuff manufactured in a loom with four treddles, after the manner of ratteens.


Topic: Sergeant
Definition:
SERGEANT,  n.  s'arjent.  [L. serviens, serving, for so was this word written in Latin.]  
           1. Formerly, an officer in England, nearly answering to to the more modern bailif of the hundred; also, an officer whose duty was to attend on the king, and on the lord high steward in court, to arrest traitors and other effenders. This officer is now called serjeant at arms, or mace. There are at present other officers of an inferior kind, to attend mayors and magistrates to execute their orders.
           2. In military affairs, a non-commissioned officer in a company of infantry or troop of dragoons, armed with halbert, whose duty is to see discipline is observed, to order and form the ranks, &c.
           3. In England, a lawyer of the highest rank, answering to the doctor of the civil law.
           4. A title sometimes given to the king's servants; as sergeant surgeon, servant surgeon.


Topic: Sergeantry
Definition:
SERGEANTRY,  n.  s'arjentry.  In england, sergeantry is of two kinds; grand sergeantry and petit sergeantry. Grand sergeantry, is a particular kind of knight service, a tenure by which the tenant was bound to do some special honorary service to the king in person, as to carry his banner, his sword or the like, or to be his butler, his champion or other officer at his coronation, to lead his host, to be his marshal, to blow a horn when an enemy approaches, &c.


Topic: Sericeous
Definition:
SERI''CEOUS,  a.  [L. sericus, from sericum, silk.]  Pertaining to silk; consisting of silk; silky. In botany, covered with very soft hairs pressed close to the surface; as a sericeous leaf.


Topic: Series
Definition:
SE'RIES,  n.  [L. this word probably belongs to the Shemetic, the primary sense of which is to stretch or strain.]
           1. A continued succession in the things of the same order, and bearing the same relation to each other; as a series of kings; a series of successors.
           2. Sequence; order; course; succession of things; as a series of calamitous events.
           3. In natural history, an order or subdivision of some class of natural bodies.
           4. In arithmetic and algebra, a number of terms in succession, increasing or diminishing in a certain ratio; as arithmetical series and geometrical series. [See Progression.]


Topic: Serious
Definition:
SE'RIOUS,  a.  [L. serius.]
           1. Grave in manner or disposition; solemn; not light, gay or volatile; as a serious man; a serious habit or disposition.
           2. Really intending what is said; being in earnest; not jesting or making false pretense. Are you serious, or in jest?
           3. Important; weighty; not trijling.
                  The holy Sciptures bring to your ears the most serious things in the world. Young.


Topic: Seriously
Definition:
SE'RIOUSLY,  adv.  Gravely; solemnly; in earnest; without levity. One of the first duties of a rational being is to inquire seriously why he was created, and what he is to do to answer the purpose of his cretion.


Topic: Seriousness
Definition:
SE'RIOUSNESS,  n.  
           1. Gravity of manner or of mind; solemnity. He spoke with great serioulness, or with an air of seriousness.
           2. Earnest attention, particularly to religious concerns 
                   That spirit of religion and seriousness vanished all at once. Atterbury.


Topic: Sermon
Definition:
SER'MON,  n.  
           1. A discourse delivered in public by a licensed clergymen for the purpose of religious instruction, and usually grounded on some text or passage of Scripture. Sermons are extemporary addresses or written discourses.
                   His preaching much, but more his practice wrought,
                   A living sermon of the truths he taught. Dryden.
           2. A printed discourse.
SER'MON,  v. t.  
           1. To discourse as in a sermon. [Little used.]  


Topic: Sermonize
Definition:
SER'MONIZE,  v. i.  
           1. To preach.
           2. To inculate rigid rules.
           3. To make sermons; to compose or write a sermons or sermons. [This is the sense in which the verb is generally used in the U. States.]


Topic: Seroon
Definition:
SEROON,  n.  
           1. A seroon of almonds is the quantity of two hudred pounds; of anise seed, three to four hundred weight; of Caltile soap, from two hundred and a half to three hundred and three quarters. 
           2. A bale or package.


Topic: Serous
Definition:
SE'ROUS,  a.
           1. Thin; watery; like whey; used of that part of the blood which separates in coagulation from the grumous or red part.
           2. Pertaining to serum.


Topic: Serpent
Definition:
SER'PENT,  n.  [L. serpens, creeping; serpo, to creep.]
           1. An animal of the order of Serpentes, [creepers, crawlers,] Of the class of Amphibia. Serpents are amphibious animals, breathing through the mouth bymeans of lungs only; having tapering bodies, without a distinct neck; the jaws not articulated, but dilatable, and withour feet, fins or ears. Serpents move along the earth by a winding motion, and with the head elevated. Some species of them are viviparous, or rather ovi-viviparous; others are oviparous; and several species are venomous.
           2. In astronomy, a constellation of the northern hemisphere, containing, according to the British catalogue, sixty-four stars.
           3. An instrument of music, serving as a base to the cornet or small shawm, to sustain a chorus of singers in a large edifice. It is so called for its folds or wreaths.
           4. Figuratively, a subtil or malicious person.
           5. In mythology, a symbol of the sun.


Topic: Serpentine
Definition:
SER'PENTINE,  a.  [L. serpentinus, from serpens.]
           1. Resembling a serpent; usually, winding and turing one way and the other, like a moving serpent; anfractuous; as a serpentine road or course.
           2. Spiral; twisted; as a serpentine worm of a still.
           3. Like a serpent; having the color or properties of a serpent.


Topic: Serpentine-stone
Definition:
SER'PENTINE-STONE,  either shades and spots resembling a serpent's skin.  Serpentine is often nearly allied to the harder varieties of steatite and potstone.  It prisents two varieties, precious serpentine, and common serpentine. 


Topic: Serpentize
Definition:
SER'PENTIZE,  v.t.  To wind; to turn or bend, first in one direction and then in opposite; to meander
                   The road serpentized through a tall shrubbery. Barrow, Trav. in Africa.


Topic: Serpiginous
Definition:
SERPIG'INOUS,  a.  [L. from serpo, to creep.]  A kind of herpes or tetter; called in popular language, a ringworm.


Topic: Serrated
Definition:
SER'RATED,  edge, like a saw.  In botany, having sharp notches about the edge, pointing towards the extremity; as a serrate leaf.


Topic: Serum
Definition:
SE'RUM,  n.  [L.]  
           1. The thin transparent part of the blood.
           2. The thin part of milk; whey.


Topic: Serval
Definition:
SER'VAL,  n.  An animal of the feline genus, resembling the lynx in form and size, and the panther in spots; a native of Malabar.


Topic: Servant
Definition:
SERV'ANT,  [L. servans, from servo, to keep or hold; properly one that waits, that is, stops, holds, attends, or one that is bound.]
           1. A person, male or female, that attends another for the pupose of performing menial offices for him, ot who is employed by another for such offices or for other labor, and is subject to his command. The word is correlative to master. Servant differs from slave, as the servant's subjection to a master is voluntary, the slave's is not. Every slave is a servant, but every servant is not a slave.
  Servants are of various kinds; as household or domestic servants, menial servants; laborers, who are hired by the day, week or other term, and do not reside with their employers, ot if they board in the same house, are employed abroad and not in the domestic services; apprentices, who are bound for a term of years to serve a master, for the purpose of learning his trade or occupation.
  In a legal sense, stewards, factors, bailifs and other agents, are servants for the time they are employed in such character, as they act in subordination to others.
           2. One in a state of subjection.
           3.In Scripture, a slave; a bondman; one purchased for money, and who was compelled to serve till the year of jubilee; also, one purchased for a term of years.
           4. The subject of a king; as the servents of David or of Saul.
                   The Syrians became servants to David. 2 Sam. 8.
           5. A person who voluntarily serves another or acts as his minister; as joshua was the servant of Moses, and the apostles the apostles the servants of Christ. So Christ himself is called a servant, Is. 42. Moses is called the servant of the Lord, Duet. 34.
           6. A person employed or used as an unstrument in accomplishing God's purposes of mercy or wrath. So Nebuchadnezzar is called the servant of God. Jer. 25.
           7. One who yields obedience to another. The saints are called servants of God, or of righteousness; and the wicked are called the servants of sin.
           8. That which yields obedience, or acts on subordination as an instrument.
           9. One that makes painful sacrifices in compliance with the weakness or wants of others.
           10. A person of base condition or ignoble spirit.
           11. A word of civilith. I am, sir, your humble or obedient servant.
                   Our betters tell us they are our humble servants, but understand us to be their slaves. Swift.


Topic: Serve
Definition:
SERVE,  v.t.  serv.  [L. servio. This verb is supposed to be from the noun servus, a servant or slave, and this from servo, to keep.]  
          1. To work for; to bestow the labor of body and mind in the employment of another.
                   Jacob loved Rachel and said, I will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy youngest daughters. Gen. 29.
                   No man can serve two masters. Matt. 6. 
           2. To act as the minister of; to perform official duties to; as, a minister serves his prince.
                   Had I served God as diligently as I have served the king, he would not have given me over in my gray hairs. Cardinal Woolsey.
           3. To attend at command; to wait on.
                   A goddess among gods, ador'd and serv'd
                   By anbels numberless, thy daily train. Milton.
           4. To obey servilely or meanly. be not to wealth a servant. 
           5. To supply with food; as, to be served in plate.
           6. To be subservient or subordinate to.
                   Bodies bright and greater should not serve
                   The less not bright. Milton.
           7. To perform the duties required in; as, the curate served two churches.
           8. To obey; to perform duties in the employment of; as, to serve the king or the country in the army or navy.
           9. To be sufficient, or to promote; as, to serve one's turn, end or purpose.
           10. To help by good offices; as, to serve one's country.
           11. To comply with; to submit to.
                   They think herein we serve the time, because thereby we either hold or seek preferment. Hooker.
           12. To be sufficient for; to satisfy; to content.
                   One half pint bottle serves them both to dine,
                   And is at once their vinegar and wine. Pope.
           13. To be in the place of any thing to one. A sofa serves the Turks for a seat and a couch.
           14. To treat; to requite; as, he served me ungratefully; he served me very ill; We say also, he served me a trick, that is he deceived me, or practiced an artifice on me.
           15. In Scripture and theology, to obey and worship; to act in conformity to the law of a superior, and treat him with due reverence.
                   Fear the Lord and serve him in sincerity and truth. As for me and my house, we will serve the lord. Josh. 24.
           16. In a bad sense, to obey; to yeild compliance or act according to.


Topic: Service
Definition:
SERV'ICE,  n.  [From L. servitium.]
           1. In a general sense, labor of body or of body and mind, performed at the command of a superior, or the pursuance of duty, or for the benefit of another. Service is voluntary or involuntary. Voluntary service is that of hired servants, or of contract, or of persons who spontaneously perform something for another's benefit. Involuntary service is that of slaves, who work by compulsion.
           2. The business of a servant; menial office.
           3. Attendance of a servant.
          4. Place of a servant; actual employment of a servant; as, to be out of service.
           5. Any thing done by way of duty to a superior.
                   This poem was the last piece of service I did for my master king Charles. 


Topic: Serviceable
Definition:
SERV'ICEABLE,  a.  
           1. That does service; that promotes happiness, interest, advantage or any good; useful; beneficial; advantageous. Rulers may be very serviceable to religion by their example. The attentions of my friends were very serviceable to me when abroad. Rain and manure are serviceable to land.
           2. Active; diligent; officious.
                   I know thee well, a serviceable villain. Shak. [Unusual.]


Topic: Serviceableness
Definition:
SERV'ICEABLENESS,  n.  
           1. Usefulness of promoting good of any kind; beneficialness.
                   All action being for some end, its aptness to be commanded or forbidden must be founded upon its serviceableness or disserviceableness to some end. Norris.
           2. Officiousness; readiness to do service.


Topic: Servile
Definition:
SERV'ILE,  a.  [L. servilis, from servio, to serve.]
           1. Such as pertains to a servant or slave; slavish; mean; such as proceeds from dependence; as servile fear; servile obedience.
           2. Held in subjection; dependent.
                   Ev'n fortune rules no more a servile land. Pope.
           3. Cringing; fawning; meanly submissive; as servile flattery.
                   She must bend the servile knee. Thomson.


Topic: Servilely
Definition:
SERV'ILELY,  adv.  
           1. Meanly; slavishly; with base submission or obsequiousness.
           2.With base deference to another; as, to copy servilely; to adopt opinions servilely.


Topic: Servility
Definition:
SERVIL'ITY,  
           1. Slavery; the condition of a slave or bondman.
                   To be a queen in bondage is more vile
                   Than is a slave in base servility. Shak.
           2. Mean submission; baseness; slavishness.
           3. Mean obsequiousness; slavish deference; as the common servility to custom; to copy manners or opinions with servility.


Topic: Serving
Definition:
SERV'ING,  ppr.  Working for; acting in subordination to; yielding obedience to; worshiping; also, performing duties; as serving in the army.


Topic: Servitor
Definition:
SERV'ITOR,  n.  [From L. servio, to serve.]
           1. A servant; an attendant.
           2. One that acts under another; a follower or adherent.
           3. One that professes duty and obedience.
          4. In the university of Oxford, a student who attends on another for his maintenance and learning; such as is called in Cambridge, a sizer.


Topic: Servitude
Definition:
SERV'ITUDE,  n.  [L. servitudo or servitus. See Serve.]  
           1. The condition of a slave; the state of involuntary subjection to a master; slavery; bondage. Such is the state of slaves in America. A large portion of the human race is in servitude.
           2. The state of a servant. [Less common and less proper.]
           3. The condition of a conquered country.
           4. A state of slavish dependence. Some persons may be in love with splendid servitude.
           5. Servants, collectively. [Not in use.]


Topic: Sesamum
Definition:
SES'AMUM,   seeds of which an oil is expressed. One species of it is cultivated in Carolina, and the blacks use the seed for food. It is called there bene.


Topic: Sesquiduplicate
Definition:
SESQUIDU'PLICATE,  a.  [L. sesqui, supra, and duplicatis, double.]  Designating the ratio of two and a half to one, or where the greater term contains the lesser twice and a half, as that of 50 to 20. 


Topic: Sesquilteral
Definition:
SESQUIL'TERAL, 
           1. In geometry, designating a ratio where one quantity or number contains another once, and half as much more; as 9 contains 6 and its half.
           2. A sesquialteral floret, is when large fertile floret is accompanied with a small abortive one.
       


Topic: Sesquipedalian
Definition:
SESQUIPEDA'LIAN, Containing a foot and a half; as a sesquipedalian pigmy.
     Addison uses sesquipedal as a noun.


Topic: Sesquiplicate
Definition:
SESQUIP'LICATE,  a.  [L. sesqui, one and a half, and plicatus, plico, to fold.]  Designating the ratio of one and a half to one; as the sesquiplicate proportion of the periodical times of the planets. 


Topic: Sessile
Definition:
SES'SILE,  a.  [L. sessilis. See Set.]  In botany, sitting on the stem. A sessile leaf issues directly from the stem or branch, without petiole or footstalk. A sessile flower has no peduncle. Sessile pappus or down has no stipe, but is placed immediately on the seed.


Topic: Session
Definition:
SES'SION,  n.  [L. sessio, from sedeo. See Set.]  
           1. A sitting or being placed; as the ascension of Christ and his session at the right hand of God.
           2. The actual sitting of a court, council, legislature, &c.; or the actual assembly of the members of these o rany similar body for the transaction of business. Thus we say, the court is now in session, meaning that the members are assembled for business.
           3. The time, space or term during which a court, council, legislature and the like, meet for daily business; or the space of time between the first meeting and the prorogation of adjournment. Thus a session of parliament is opened with a speech from the throne, and closed by prorogation. The session of a judicial court is called a term. Thus a court may have two sessions or four sessions annually. The supreme court of the United States has one anual session. The legislatures of most of the states have one anualsession only; some have more. The congress of the United States has one only.
           4. Sessions, in some of the states, is particularly used for a court of justices, held for granting licenses to innkeepers or taverners, for laying out new highways or altering old ones and the like.


Topic: Sesterce
Definition:
SES'TERCE,  n.  [L. sestertius.]  A Roman coin or denomination of money, in value the fourth part of a denarius, and originally containing two asses and a half, about two pence sterling or four cents.The sestertium, that is, sestertium pondus, was two pounds and a half, or two hundred and fifty denarii; about seven pounds sterling, or thirty one dollars. One qualification of a Roman knight was the possession of estate of the value of four hundred thousand sesterces; that of a senator was double this sum.
     Authors mention a copper sesterce, of the value of one third of a penny sterling. 


Topic: Set
Definition:
SET,  v.t.  pret. pp. set.  [L. sedo; to compose, as a book, to dispose or put in order, to establish, found or institute, to possess, to cease; L. sedo, sedeo and sido, coinciding with sit, but all of one family. From the Norman orthography of this word, we have assess, assise. See Assess. Heb. Ch. to set, to place.]
           1. To put or place; to fix or cause to rest in a standing posture. We set a house on a wass of stone; we set a book on a shelf. In this use, set differs from lay; we set a thing on its end or basis; we lay it on its side.
           2. To put or place in its proper or natural posture. We set a chest or trunk on its bottom, not its end; we set a bedstead or a table on its feet or laeg. 
           3. To put, place or fix in any situation. God set the sun, moon and stars in the firmament.
                   I do set my bow in the cloud. Gen 9.
           4. To put into any condition or state.
                   The Lord the God will set thee on high. Duet. 28.
                   I am come to set a man at variance against his father. Matt. 10.
     So we say, to set in order, to set at ease, to set to work, or at work.
           5. To put; to fix; to attach to.
                   The Lord set a mark upon Cain. Gen. 4.
     So we say, to set a label on a vial or a bale.
           6. To fix; to render motionless; as, the eyes are set, the jaws are set.
           7. To put or fix, as a price. We set a price on a house, farm or horse. 
           8. To fix; to state by some rule.
                   The gentleman spoke with a set gesture and countenance. Carew.
      The town of Berne has handsome fountains planted and set distances from one end of the street to the other. Addison.
           9. To regulate or adjust; as, to set a timepiece by the sun.
                   He sets judgement by his passion. Prior.
           10. To fit to music; to adapt with notes; as, to set the words of a psalm to music.


Topic: Set-off
Definition:
SET'-OFF,  n.  [set and off.]  The act of admitting one claim to counterbalance another. In a set-off the defendant acknowledges the justice of the plantif's demand, but sets up a demand of his own to counter balance it in whole or in part.
                   The right of pleading a set-off depends on statute. Blackstone.
NOTE.- In new England, offset is sometimes used for set-off. But offset has a different sense, and it is desirable that the practice should be uniform, Wherever the English is spoken.


Topic: Setaceous
Definition:
SETA'CEOUS,  a.  [L. seta, a bristle.]
           1. Bristly; set with strong hairs; consisting of strong hairs; as a stiff setaceous tail.
           2. In botany, bristle-shaped; having the thickness and length of a bristle; as a setaceous seaf or leaflet.


Topic: Seton
Definition:
SE'TON,  n.  [l. seta, a bristle.]  In surgery, a few horsehairs or small threads, or a twist of silk, drawn through the skin by a large needle, by which a small opening is made and which is continued for the discharge of humors.
                  


Topic: Setous
Definition:
SE'TOUS,  a.  [L. setosus, from seta, a bristle.]  In botany, bristly; having the surface set with bristles; as a setous seaf or receptacle.


Topic: Settee
Definition:
SETTEE',  n.  [from set.] 
           1. A long seat with a back to it.
            A vessel with one deck and a very long sharp prow, carrying two or three masts with lateen sails; used in the Mediterranean.


Topic: Setter
Definition:
SET'TER,  n.
           1. One that sets; as a setter on, or inciter; a setter up; a setter forth, &c.
           2. A dogs that beats the field and starts birds for sportsmen.
           3. A man that performs the office of a setting dogor finds persons to be plundered.
           4. One that adapts words to music in composition.
           5. Whatever sets off, adorns or recommendws. [Not used.]


Topic: Setting
Definition:
SET'TING,  ppr.  Placing; putting; fixing; studding; appointing; sinking below the horizon, &c.
SET'TING,  n.  
           1. The act of putting, placing, fixing or establishing.
           2. The act of sinking below the horizon. The setting of stars is of three kinds, cosmical, acronical, and heliacal. [See these words.]
           3. The act or manner of taking birds by a setting dog.
           4. Inclosure; as settings of stones.
           5. The direction of a current at sea.


Topic: Settle
Definition:
SET'TLE,  n.  [L. sedile. See Set.]  A seat or bench; something to sit on.
SET'TLE,  v.t.  [from set.]
           1. To place in a permanent condition after wandering or fluctuation.
                   I will settle you after your old estates. Ezek. 36.
           2. To fix; to establish; to make permanent in any place. 
                   I will settle him in my house and in my kingdom forever. 1 Chron. 17.
           3. To establish in business or way of life; as, to settle a son in trade.
           4. To marry; as, to settle a doughter.
           5. To establish; to confirm.
                   Her will alone could settle or revoke. Prior.
           6. To determine what is uncertain; to establish; to free from doubt; as, to settle questions or points of law. The supreme court have settled the question. 
           7. To fix; to establish; to make certain or permanent; as, to settle the succession to the thron in a particular family. So we speak of settled habits and settled opinions.
           8. To fix or establish; not to suffer to doubt or waver. 
                   It will settle teh wavering and confirm the doubtful. Swift.
           9. To make close or compact.
                   Cover ant-hills up that the rain may settle the turf before the spring.


Topic: Settlement
Definition:
SET'TLEMENT,  n.  
           1. The act of settling, the state of being settled.
           2. The falling of the foul of foreign matter of liquors to the bottom; subsidence.
           3. The matter that subsides; lees; dregs. [Not used. For this we use settlings.]
           4. The act of giving possession by legal sanction.
                   My flocks, my fields, my woods, my pastures take,
                   With settlement as good as law can make. Dryden.
           5. A jointure granted to a wife, or the act of granting it. We say, the wife has a competent settlement for her maintenance; or she has provision made for her by the settlement of a jointure.
           6. The act of taking a domestic state; the act of marrying and going to housekeeping .
           7. A becoming stationary, or taking permanent residence after a roving course of life.
           8. The act of planting or establishing, as a colony; also, to place, or the colony established; as the British settlements in America or India.
           9. Adjustment; liquidation; the ascertainment of just claims, or payment of the balance of a account.
           10. Akjustment of differences; pacification; reconcisiation; as the settlement of disputes or controversies.
           11. The ordaining or installment of a clergyman over a parish or a congregation.
           12. A sum of money or other property granted to a minister on his ordination, exclusive of his salary.
           13. Legal residence or establishment of a person in a particular parish or town, which entitles him to maintenance if a pauper, and subjects the parish or town to his support. In England, the poor are supported by the parish where they have a settlement. In New England they are supported by the town. In England, the statutes 12 Richard II. and 19 Henry VII. seem to be the first rudiments of parish settlements. By statute 13 and 14 Ch. II. a legal settlement is declared to be gained by birth, by inhabitancy, by apprenticeship, or by service for forty days. But the gaining of a settlement by so short a residence produced great evils, which were remedied by statute 1 James II.
           14. Act of settlement, in British history, the statute of 12 and 13 William III. by which the crowd was limited to his present majesty's house, or the house of Orange.   


Topic: Settling
Definition:
SET'TLING,  ppr.  Placing; fixing; establishing; regulating; adjusting; planting or colonizing; subsiding; composing; ordaining or installing; becoming the pastor of a church or parish.
SET'TLING,  n. 
           1. The act of making a settlement; a planting or coloninzing.
           2. The act of subsiding, as lees.
           3. The adjustment of differences.
           4. Settlings, plu. lees; dregs; sediment.


Topic: Seven
Definition:
SEVEN,  a.  sev'n  [L. septem.]  Four and three; one more than six or less than eight.  Seven days constitute a week.  We read in Scripture of seven years of plenty, and seven years of famine, seven trumpets, seven seals, seven vials, &c.


Topic: Sevenfold
Definition:
SEV'ENFOLD,  a.  [seven and fold.]  Repeated seven times; doubled seven times; increased to seven times the size or amount; as the sevenfold shield of Ajax; sevenfold rage.
SEV'ENFOLD,  adv.  Seven times as much or often.
                   Whoever slayeth Cain, vengence shall be taken on him sevenfold. Gen. 4.


Topic: Sevennight
Definition:
SEV'ENNIGHT,  n.  [seven and night.]  A week; the period of seven days and nights; or the time from one day of the week to the next day of the same denomination preceding or following.  Our ancestors numbered the diurnal rebolutions of the earth by nights, as they reckoned the annual revolutions by winters.  Sevennight is now contracted into sennight, which see.


Topic: Sevenscore
Definition:
SEV'ENSCORE,  n.  [seven and score, twenty notches or marks.]  Seven times twenty, that is, a hundred and forty.
                   The old countess of Desmond, who lived sevenscore years, dentized twice or thrice. Bacon.


Topic: Seventeenth
Definition:
SEV'ENTEENTH,  a.  [from seventeen.]  The ordinal of seventeen; the seventh after the tenth.
                   On the seventeenth day of the second month- all the fountains of the great deep were broken up. Gen. 7.


Topic: Seventh
Definition:
SEV'ENTH,  a.  
           1. The ordinal of seven; the first after the sixth.
                   On the seventh day God ended his work which he had made, and he rested on the seventh day from all the work which he had made. Gen. 2.
           2. Containing or being one part in seven; as the seventh part.
SEV'ENTH,  n.  
           1. The seventh part; one part in seven. 
           2. In music, a dissonat interval or heptachord. An interval consisting of four tones and two major semitones, is called a seventh minor. An interval composed of five tones and a major semitone, is called a seventh major.


Topic: Seventieth
Definition:
SEV'ENTIETH,  a.  [from seventy.]  The ordinal of seventy; as a man in the seventieth year of his age. The seventieth year begins immediately after the close of the sixth-ninth.


Topic: Seventy
Definition:
SEV'ENTY,  a.  [Gr. ten.]  Seven times ten.
                   That he would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of Jerusalem.
                                                                                                                           Dan. 9.
SEV'ENTY,  n.  The Septuagint or seventy translators of the Old Testament into the Greek language.


Topic: Sever
Definition:
SEV'ER,  v.t.  [There may be a doubt whether sever is derived from the Latin separo. Heb. Ch. Syr. Ar. to break.]
           1. To part or divide by violence; to separate by parting or rending; as, to sever the body or the arm at a single stroke.
           2. To part from the rest by violence; as, to sever the head from the body.
           3. To separate; to disjoin; as distinct things, but united; as the dearest friends severed by cruel necessity.
           4. To separate and put in different places or orders.
                   The angels shall come forth and sever the wicked from among the just.
                                                                                                                      Matt.13. 
           5. To disjoin; to disunite; in a general sense, but usually applying violence.
           6. To keep distinct or apart.
           7. In law, to disunite; to disconnect; to part possession; as, to sever a state in joint-tenacy.
SEV'ER,  v.i.  
           1. To make a separation or distinction; to distinguish.
                   The Lord will sever between the cattle of Israel and the cattle of Egypt. 
                                                                                                                         Ex. 9.
           2. To suffer disjunction; to be parted or rent assunder.


Topic: Several
Definition:
SEV'ERAL,  a.  [from several.]  
           1. Separate; distinct; not common to two or more; as a several fishery; a several estate. A several fishery is one held by the owner of the soil, or by title derived from the owner. A several estate is one held by a tenant in his own right, or a distinct estate unconnected with any other person.
           2. Separate; different; distinct.
                   Divers sorts of beasts came from several parts to drink. Bacon.
                   Four several armies to the field are lead. Dryden.
           3. Divers; consisting of a number; more than two, but not very many. Several persons were present when the event took place.
           4. Separate; single; particular.
                   Each several ship a victory did gain. Dryden.
           5. Distinct; appropriate. 
                   Each might his several province well command, 
                   Would all but stoop to what they understand. Pope.


Topic: Severally
Definition:
SEV'ERALLY,  adv.  Separately; distinctly; apart from others. Call the men severally by name.
                   I could not keep my eye steady on them severally so as to number them. 


Topic: Severalty
Definition:
SEV'ERALTY,  n.  A state of separation from the rest, or from all others. An estate in severalty, is that which the tenant holds in his own right, without being joined in interest with any other person. It is distinguished from joint-tenacy, coparcenary and common.
  


Topic: Severance
Definition:
SEV'ERANCE,  n.  Separation; the act of dividing or disuniting. The sevrance of a jointure is make by destroying the unity of interest. Thus when there are two joint-tenants for life, and the inheritance is purchased by or descends upon either, it is a servrance.
     So also when two persons are joined in a writ, and one is nonsuited; in this case sevrance is permitted, and the other plantif may proceed in the suit. So also in assize, when two or more disseizees appear upon the writ, and not the other, sevrance is permitted.


Topic: Severe
Definition:
SEVE'RE,  a.  [L. severus.]  
           1. Rigid; harsh; not mild or indulgent; as severe words; severe treatment; severe wrath.
           2. Sharp; hard rigorous.
                   Let your zeal-be more severe against thyself than against others. Taylor.
           3. Very strict; or sometimes perhaps, unreasonably strict or exact; giving no indulgence to faults or errors; as severe government; severe criticism.
          4. Rigorous, perhaps cruel; as severe punishment; severe justice.
           5. Grave; sober; sedate to an extreme; opposed to cheerful, gay, light, lively.
                   Your looks must alter, as your subject does,
                   From kind to fierce, from wanton to severe. Waller.
           6. Rigidly exact; strictly methodical; not lax or airy. I will not venture on on so nice a subject with my severe style. 
           7. Sharp; afflictive; distressing; violent; as severe pain, anguish, torture, &c.
           8. Sharp; biting; extreme; as severe cold.
           9. Close; concise; not luxuriant.
                   The Latin, a most severe and compendious language-  Dryden.
           10. Exact; critical; nice; as a sever test.


Topic: Severely
Definition:
SEVE'RELY,  adv.  
           1. Harshly; sharply; as, the chide one severely.
           2. Strictly; rigorously; as, to judge one severely.
                   To be or fondly or severely kind. Savage.
           3. With extreme rigor; as, to punish severely.
           4. Painfully; effectively; greatly; as, to be severely afflicted the gout.
           5. Fiercely; ferociously.
                   More formidable Hydra stands within,
                   Whose jaws with iron teeth severely grin. Dryden.


Topic: Severite
Definition:
SEV'ERITE,  n.  A mineral found near St. Sever, in France, occurring in small masses, white without luster, a little harder than lithomarge.


Topic: Severity
Definition:
SEVER'ITY,  n.  [L. sveritas.]  
           1. Harshness; rigor; austerity; want of mildness or indulgence; as the severity of a reprimand or reproof.
           2. Rigor; extreme strictness; as the severity of discipline or government.
           3. Excessive figor; extreme degree or amount. Severity of penalties or punishments often defeats the object by exciting pity.
           4. Extremity; quality or power of distressing; as the severity of pain or anguish.
           5. Extreme degree; as the severity of cold or heat.
           6. Extreme coldness or inclemency; as the severity of the winter.
           7. Harshness; cruel treatment; sharpness of punishment; as severity practiced on prisoners of war.
           8. Exactness; rigor; niceness; as the severity of a test.
           9. Strictness; rigid accuracy.
                   Confining myself to the severity of truth. Dryden.


Topic: Sew
Definition:
SEW,  To follow.  [Not used. See Sue.]
SEW,  v.t.  pronounced so, and better written soe.  To unite or fasten together with a needle and thread.
                  They sewed fig leaves together and made themselves aprons. Gen. 3.


Topic: Sewer
Definition:
SEW'ER,  n.  [L. sicco.]  A drain or passage to cnvey off waterunder ground; a subterraneous canal, particularly in cities; corruptly pronounced Shore or soer.
SEW'ER,  n.  An officer who serves up the feast and arranges the dishes.  Obs.
SEW'ER,  n.  One who sews, or uses the needle.


Topic: Sex
Definition:
SEX,  n.  [L. sexus; from L. seco, to divide.]  
           1. The distinction between male and female; or the property or character by which an animal is male or female. The male sex is usually characterized by muscular strength, boldness and firmness. The female sex is characterized by softness, sensibility and modesty.
  In botany, the property of plants which corresponds to sex in animals.  The Linnean system of botany is formed on the doctrine of sexes in plants.
           2. By way of emphasis, womankind; females.
                   Unhappy sex! whose beauty is your snare. Dryden.


Topic: Sexagenary
Definition:
SEX'AGENARY,  a.  [L. sexagenarius, from sex, six, and a word signifying ten, seen in viginti; bis-genti.]  Designating the number sixty; as a noun, a person sixty years of age; also, something composed of sixty.


Topic: Sexagesima
Definition:
SEXAGES'IMA,  n.  [L. sexagesimus, sextieth.]  The second Sunday before Lent, the next to Shrove-Sunday, so called as being the 60th day before Easter.


Topic: Sexagesimal
Definition:
SEXAGES'IMAL,  a.  Sixtieth; pertaining to the number sexty.  Sexagenary or sexgesimal arithmetic, is a method of comutation by sexties, as that which is used in dividing minutes into seconds


Topic: Sexdecimal
Definition:
SEXDEC'IMAL,  a.  [L. sex, six, and decem, ten.]  In crystalography, when a prism or the middle part of a crystal has six faces and two summits, and taken together, ten faces, or the reverse.


Topic: Sexennial
Definition:
SEXEN'NIAL,  a.  [L. sex, six, and annus, year.]  Lasting six years, or happening once in six years.


Topic: Sexfid
Definition:
SEX'FID,  a.  [L. sex, six, and findo, to divide.]  In botany, six-cleft; as a sexfid calyx or nectary.


Topic: Sexlocular
Definition:
SEXLOC'ULAR,  a.  [L. sex, six, and loculus, cell.]  In botany, six-celled; having six cells for seeds; as a sexlocular pericarp.


Topic: Sextant
Definition:
SEX'TANT,  n.  [L. sextans, a sixth. the Romans divided the as into 12 ounces; a sixth, or two ounces, was the sextans.]
           1. In mathematics, the sixth part of a circle. Hence,
           2. An instrument formed like a quadrant, excepting that its limb comprehends only 60 degrees, or the sixth part of a circle.
           3. In astronomy, a constellation of the southern hemisphere which, according to the British catalogue, contains 41 stars.


Topic: Sextary
Definition:
SEX'TARY,  n.  [L. sextarius.]  A measure of a pint and a half.
SEX'TARY, n.  The same as sacristan.  [Not used.]


Topic: Sextile
Definition:
SEX'TILE,  n.  [L. sextilis, from sex, six.]  Denoting the aspect or position of two planets, when distant from each other 60 degrees or two signs.  This position is marked thus*.


Topic: Sexton
Definition:
SEX'TON,  n.  [contracted from sacristan, which see.]  An under officer of the church, whose buiness is to take care of the vessels, vestments, &c. belonging to the church, to attend on the officiating clergyman and perform other duties pertaining to the church, to dig graves, &c.


Topic: Sextuple
Definition:
SEX'TUPLE,  a.  [Low L. sextuplus; sex, six, and duplus, double.]
           1. Sixfold; six times as much.
           2. In music, denoting a mixed sort of triple, beaten in double time, or a measure of two times composed of six equal notes, three for each time.


Topic: Sexual
Definition:
SEX'UAL,  a.  [from sex.]  
           1. Pertaining to sex or the sexes; distinguishing the sex; denoting what is particular to the distinction and office of male and female; as sexual characteristics; sexual intercourse, connection or commerce.
           2. Sexual systemm in botany, the system which ascribes to vegetables the distinction of sexes, suppose that plants are male and female, each sex furnished with the appropriate organs or parts; the male producing a pollen or dust which fecundates the stigma of the pistil or female organ, and is necessary to render it prolific. It is found however that most plants are hermaphrodite, the male and female organs being contained in the same flower. This doctrine was taught to a certain extent by Theophrastus, Dioscorides and Pliny among the ancients, but has been more fully illustrated by Caesalpinus, Grew, Camerarius, Linne and many others among the moderns.


Topic: Sexualist
Definition:
SEX'UALIST,  n.  One who believes and maintains the doctrine of sexes in plants; or onw who classifies the differences of the sexes and parts of fructification.


Topic: Sezin
Definition:
SE'ZIN,  n. 
           1. In law, possession. Seizin is of two sorts, seizin in deed or fact, and seizin in law. Seizin in fact or deed, is actual or corporal possession; seizin in law, is when something is done in which the law accounts possession or seizin, as enrollment, or when lands decend to an heir, but he has not yet entered on them. In this case, the law considers the heir as seized of the setate, and the person who wrongfully enters on the land is accounted a disseizor.
           2. The act of taking possession. [Not used except in law.]
           3. The thing possessed; possession.


Topic: Shab
Definition:
SHAB  v.i.  To play mean tricks. In some parts of New England, it signifies to reject or dismiss; as,a woman who shabs her suitor. It is however very vulgar and very obsolete.


Topic: Shabbily
Definition:
SHAB'BILY,  adv.  [from shabby.]
           1. Raggedly; with rent or ragged clothes; as, to be clothed shabbily.
           2. Maenly; in a despicable manner.


Topic: Shabbiness
Definition:
SHAB'BINESS,  n.  
           1. Raggedness; as the shabbiness of a garment.
           2. Meanness; paltriness.


Topic: Shabby
Definition:
SHAB'BY,  a.  
           1. Ragged; torn or worn to rags; as a shabby coat; shabby clothes.
           2. Clothed with ragged garments.
                   The dean was so shabby-  Swift.
           3. Mean; paltry; despicable; as a shabby fellow; shabby treatment. [For the idea expressed by shabby, there is not a better word in the language.]


Topic: Shack
Definition:
SHACK,  n.  In ancient customs of England, a liberty of witer pasturage. In Norfolk and Suffolk, the lord of the manot has a shack, that is, liberty of feeding his sheep at pleasure on his tenants' lands during the dix winter months. In Norfolk, shack extends to the common for hogs, in all men's grounds, from harvest to seed time; whence to go a-shack, is to feed at large.
     In New England, shack is used in a somewhat similar sense for mast or the food of swine, and for feeding at large or in the forest, [for we have no manors,] and I have heard a shiftless fellow, a vagabond, called a shack. 
SHACK,  v.i.  
           1. To shed, as corn at harvest. [Local.]
           2. To feed in stubble, or upon the waste corn of the field. [Local.]


Topic: Shackle
Definition:
SHACK'LE,  n.  Stubble.  [In Scotish, shag is the refuse of barley, or that which is not well filled, and is given to horses. The word shack then is probably from a root which signifies to break, to reject, or to waste, or it may be allied to shag and shake.]
SHACK'LE,  v.t.  
           1. To chain; to fetter; to tie or confine the limbs so as to prevent free motion.
                   So the stretch'd cord the shackled dancer tries,
                   As prone to fall as impotent to rise. Smith.
           2. To bind or confine so as to obstruct or embarrass action.
                   You must not shackle him with the rules about indifferent matter. Locke.
SHACK'LE,   n.  [generally used in the plural.]  


Topic: Shackles
Definition:
SHACK'LES,  
           1. Fetters, gyves, handcuffs, cords or something else that confines the limbs so as to restrain the use of them, or prevent free motion.
           2. That which obstructs or embarrasses free action.
                   His very will seems to be in bonds and shackles. South.


Topic: Shad
Definition:
SHAD,  n.  It has no plural termination. Shad is singular or plural.  A fish, a species of Clupea. Shad enter the rivers in England and America in the spring in immense numbers.


Topic: Shaddock
Definition:
SHAD'DOCK,  n.  A variety of the orange (Citrus aurantium;) pampelmoe.  A large species of orange (Citrus decumana.)


Topic: Shade
Definition:
SHADE,  n.  [L. scutum, a shield.]
           1. Literally, the interception, cutting of or interruption of the rays of light; hence, the obscurity which is caused by such interception. Shad differs from shadow, as it implies no particular form or definite limit. whereas a shadow represents in form the object which intercepts the light. Hence when we say, let us resort to the shade of a tree, we have no reference to its form; but when we speak of measuring a pyramid or other object by its shadow, we have reference to its extent.
           2. Darkness; obscurity; as the shades of night.
          3. An obscure place, properly in a grove or close wood, which precludes the sun's rays; an hence, a secluded retreat.
                   Let us seek out some desolate shade, and there 
                   Weep our sad bosoms empty. Shak. 
           4. A screen; something that intercepts light or heat.
           5. Protection; shelter. [See Shadow.]
           6. In painting, the dark part of the picture.
           7. Degree or gradation of light.
                   White, red, yellow, blue, with their several degrees, or shades and mixtures, as green, come only in by the eyes. Locke.
           8. A shadow. [See Shadow.]
                   Envy will merit, as its shade, pursue. Pope. [This is allowable in poetry.]
           9. The soul, after its separation from the body; so called because the ancients supposed it to be perceptible to the sight, not to the touch; a spirit; aghost; as the shades of departed heroes.
                   Swift as thought, the flitting shade-  Dryden. 
SHADE, v.t.  
           1. To shelter or screen from light by intercepting its rays; and when applied to the rays of the sun, it segnifies to shelter from light and heat; as, a large tree shades the plants under its branches; shaded vegetables rarely come to perfection. 
                   I went to the sylvan scenes,
                   And shade our altars with their leafy greens. Dryden.


Topic: Shadiness
Definition:
SHA'DINESS,  n.  [from shady.]  The state of being shady; umbrageousness; as the shadiness of the forest.


Topic: Shadow
Definition:
SHAD'OW,  n.  
           1. Shade within defined limits; obscurity or deprivation of light, apparent on a plane and represtnting the form of the body which intercepts the rays of light; as the shadow of a man, of a tree or a tower. The shadow of the earth in in an eclipse of the moon is proof of its sphericity.
           2. Darkness; shade; obscurity.
                   Night's sable shadows from the ocean rise. Denham.
           3. Shelter made by any thing that intercepts the light, heat or influence of the air.
                   In secret shadow from the sunny ray,
                   On a sweet bed of lilies softly laid. Spenser.
           4. Obscure place; secluded retreat.
                   To secret shadows I retire. [Obs.]  Dryden.
           5. Dark part of a picture. Obs. [In the last two senses, shade is now used.]
           6. A spirit; a ghost. Obs. [In this sense, shade is now used.]
           7. In painting, the representation of a real shadow.
           8. An imperfect and faint representation; opposed to substance.
                   The law of having a shadow of good things to come. Heb. 10.
           9. Inseparable companion.
                   Sin and her shadow, death. Milton.
           10. Type; mystical representaion.
                   Types and shadows of that destin'd seed. Milton.
           11. Protection; shelter; favor.
           12. Slight or faint appearance. 


Topic: Shadowing
Definition:
SHAD'OWING,  ppr.  Representing by faint or imperfect resemblance.
SHAD'OWING,  n.  Shade or gradation of light and color.  [This should be shading.]


Topic: Shadowy
Definition:
SHAD'OWY,  a.  
           1. Full of shade; dark; gloomy.
                   This shadowy desert, unfrequented woods. Shak.
           2. Not brightly luminous; faintly light.
                   More pleasant light


Topic: Shady
Definition:
SHA'DY,  a.  [from shade.]  
           1. Abounding with shade or shades; overspread with shade.
                   And Amaryllis fills the shady groves. Dryden.
           2. Sheltered from the glare of light or sultry heat.
                   Cast it also that you may have rooms shady for the summer and warm for the winter. Bacon.


Topic: Shaeful
Definition:
SHA'EFUL,  n.  a.  [shame and full.]  
           1. That brings shame or disgrace; scandalous; disgraceful; injurious to reputation. It expresses less than infamous and ignominious.
                   His naval preparations were not more suprising than his quick and shameful retreat. Arbuthnot.
           2. Indecent; taising shame in others. 
                   Phoebus flying so most shameful sight. Spenser. 


Topic: Shaft
Definition:
SH'AFT,  n.  L. scapus; from the root of shape, from setting, or shooting, extending.]
           1. An arrow; a missile weapin; as the archer and the shaft.
                   So loftly was the pile, a Parthian bow
                   Whith vigor drawn must send the shaft below. Dryden.
           2. In mining, a pit or long narrow opening or entrance into a mine. [This may possibly be a different word, as in German it is written schacht, Dan. skaegte.]
           3. In architecture, the shaft of a column is the body of it, between the base and the capital.
           4. Any thing straight; as the shaft of a steeple, and many other things.
           5. The stem or stock of a fether or quill.
           6. The pole of a carriage, sometimes called tongue or neap. The thills of a chaise or geg are also called shafts.
           7. The handle of a weapon.


Topic: Shag
Definition:
SHAG,  n.  
           1. Coarse hair or nap, or rough wooly hair. 
                   True Witney broadcloth, with its shag unshorn. Gay.
           2. A kind of cloth having a long coarse nap.
           3. In orinthology, an aquatic fowl, the Pelecanus graculus; in the north of England called the crave.
SHAG,  a.  Hairy; shaggy.
  
SHAG,  v.t.  
           1. To make rough or hairy.


Topic: Shaggy
Definition:
SHAG'GY, 
           1. Rough with long hair or wool.
                   About his shoulders hangs the shaggy skin. Dryden.
           2. Rough; rugged; as the shaggy tops of hills.
                   And throw the shaggy spoils about your shoulders. Addison.


Topic: Shagreen
Definition:
SHAGREE'N,  n.  A kind of grained leather prepared of the skin of a fish, a species of Squalus. To prepare it, the skin is stretched and covered with mustard seed, which is bruised upon it. The skin is then exposed to the weather for some days, and afterwards tanned.


Topic: Shail
Definition:
SHAIL,  v.t.  To walk sidewise.  [Low and not in use.]  
[This word is probably the G. schielen, Dan. skieler, to squint.]


Topic: Shake
Definition:
SHAKE,  v.t. pret. shook; pp. shaken.
          1. To cause to move with quick vibrations; to move rapidly one way and the other; to agitate; as, the wind shakes a tree; an earthquake shakes the hills or the earth.
                   I shook my lap, and said, so God shake out every man from his house-  
                                                                                                                         Neh. 5. 
                   He shook the sacred honors of his head. Dryden.
                   -As a fig casteth her untimely fruit, when it is shaken of a mighty wind. 
                                                                                                                      Rev. 6.
           2. To make to totter or tremble.
                   The rapid wheels shake the heav'n's basis. Milton.
           3. To cause to shiver; as, an ague shakes the whole frame.
           4. To throw down by a violent motion.
                   Macbeth is ripe for shaking. Shak.
     [But see shake off, which is generally used.]
           5. To throw away; to drive off.
                   'Tis our first intent
                   To shake all cares and business from our age. [See Shake off.]  Shak.
           6. To move from firmness; to weaken the stability of; to endanger; to threaten to overthrow. Nothing should shake our belief in the being and perfections of God, and in our own accountableness.
           7. To cause to waver or doubt; to impair the resolution of; to depress the courage of.
                   That ye be not soon shaken in mind. 2 Thess. 2.
           8. To trill; as, to shake a note in music.


Topic: Shaken
Definition:
SHAKEN,  pp. sha'kn. 
           1. Impelled with a vacillating motion; agitated.
           2. a. Cracked or split; as shaken timber.
                   Nor is the wood shaken nor twisted, as those about Capetown. Barrow.
     [Our mechanics usually pronounce this shaky, forming the word from shake, like pithy, from pith.]


Topic: Shaker
Definition:
SHA'KER,  n.  
           1. A person or thing that shakes or agitates; as the shaker of the earth.
           2. In the United States, shakers is the name given to the very singular sect of Christians, so called from the agitations or movements whisc characterize their worship.
     


Topic: Shaking
Definition:
SHA'KING,  ppr.  Impelling to a wavering motion; causing to vacillate or waver; agitating.
           2. Trembling; shivering; quaking.
SHA'KING,  n.  
           1. The act of shaking or agitating; brandishing.
           2. Concussion.
           3. A trembling or shivering.


Topic: Shale
Definition:
SHALE,  v.t.  To peel.  [Not in use. See Shell.]
SHALE,  n.  
           1. A shell or husk.
           2. In natural history, a species of shist or shistous clay; slate clay; generall of a bluish or yellowish gray color, more rarely of a dark blackish or reddish gray, or grayish black, or greenish color. Its fracture is slaty, and in water it molders into powder. It is often found in strata in coal mines, and commonly bears vegetable impressions. It is generally the forerunner of coal.
     Bituminous shale is is a subvariety of argillaceous slate, is impregnated with bitumen, and burns with flame.


Topic: Shall
Definition:
SHALL, 
           1. Shall is primarily in the present, and in our mother tongue was followed by a verb in the infinitive, like other verbs. 'Ic sceal fram the beon gefullod.' I have need to be baptized of thee. 'Ic nu sceal singan sar-cwidas.' I must now sing mornful songs.
     We still use shall and should before another verb in the infinitive, without the sign to; but significance of shall is considerably deflected from its primitive sense. It is now treated as a mere auxiliary to other verbs, serving to form some of the tenses. In the present tense, shall, before a verb in the infinitive, forms the future tense; but its force and effect are different with different persons or personal pronouns. Thus in the first person, shall simply foretells or declares what will take place; as, I or we shall ride to town on Monday. This declaration simply informs another of a fact that is to take place. The sense of shall here is changed from an expression of need or duty, to that of previous statement or information, grounded on intention or resolution. When uttered with emphasis, 'I shall go,' it expresses firm determination, but not a promise.
           2. In the second and third persons, shall implies a promise, command or determination. 'You shall receive your wages,' 'he shall receive his wages,' imply that you or he ought to receive them; but usage gives these phrases the force of a promise in the person uttering them.
     When shall is uttered with emphasis in such phrases, it expresses determination in the speaker, and implies an authority to enforce the act. 'Do you refuse to go? Does he refuse to go? But you or he shall go.'
           3. Shall I go, shall he go, interrogatively, asks, for permission or direction. But shall you go, asks for information of another's intention.
           4. But after another verb, shall, in the third person, simply foretells. He says that he shall leave town to-morrow. So also in the second person; you say that you shall ride to-morrow.
           5. After if, and some verbs which expresscondition or supposition, shall, in all the persons, simply foretells; as,
If  I shall say, or we shall say,  
    Thou shalt say, ye or you shall say,


Topic: Shallop
Definition:
SHAL'LOP,  n.  [This word is changed into sloop; but the two words have now different significations.]
           1. A sort of large boat with two masts, and usually rigged like a schooner.
           2. A small light vessel with a main-mast and fore-mast, with lug-sails.


Topic: Shallow
Definition:
SHAL'LOW,  a.  
           1. Not deep; having little depth; shoal; as shallow water; a shallow stream; a shallow brook.
           2. Not deep; not entering far into the earth; as a shallow furrow; a shallow trench.
           3. Not intellectually deep; not profound; not penetrating deeply into abstruse subjects; superficial; as a shallow mind or understanding; shallow skill.
                   Deep vers'd in books, and shallow in himself. Milton.
SHAL'LOW,  n.  A shoal; a shelf; a flat; a sand-bank; any place where the water is not deep.
                   A swift stream is not heard in the channel, but upon shallows of gravel.


Topic: Shallowly
Definition:
SHAL'LOWLY,  adv.  
           1. With little depth.
           2. Superficially; simply; without depth of thought or judgement; not wisely.


Topic: Shallowness
Definition:
SHAL'LOWNESS,  n.  
           1. Want of depth; small depth; as the shallowness of water, of a river, of a stream.
           2. Superficialness of intellect; want of power to enter deeply into subjects; emptiness; stillness.


Topic: Shalstone
Definition:
SHAL'STONE,  n.  A mineral found only in the Bannet of Temeswar, of a grayish, yellowish or reddish white; tafelspath.


Topic: Sham
Definition:
SHAM,  n.  That which deceives expectation; any trick, fraud or device that deludes and disappoints; delusion; imposture.  [Not an elegant word.]
                   Believe who will the solemn sham, not I. Addison.
SHAM,  a.  False; counterfeit; pretended; as a sham fight.
SHAM,  v.t.
           1. To deceive expectation; to trick to cheat; to delude with false pretenses.
                   They find themselves fooled and shammed into conviction. [Not elegant.]    


Topic: Shaman
Definition:
SHAM'AN,  n.  In russia, a wizzard or conjurer, who by enchantment pretends to cure diseases, ward off misfortunes and foretell events.


Topic: Shambles
Definition:
SHAM'BLES,  n.  [L. scamnum a bench; from L. scando.]
           1. The place where butcher's meat is sold; a flesh-market.
           2. In mining, a nich or shelf at suitable distances to receive the ore which is thrown from one to another, and thus raised to the top.


Topic: Shambling
Definition:
SHAM'BLING,  a.  [from scamble, scambling.]  Moving with an awkward, irregular, cumsy pace; as a shambling trot; shambling legs.
SHAM'BLING,  n.  An awkward, clumsy, irregular pace or gait.


Topic: Shame
Definition:
SHAME,  n.
           1. A painful sensation excited by a consciousness of guilt, or of having done something which injures reputation; or by of that which nature nature or modesty prompts us to conceal. Shame  is particularly excited by the disclosure of actions which, in the view of men, are mean and degrading. Hence it it is often or always manifested by a downcast look or by blushes, called confusion of face.
                   Hide, for shame,
                   Romans, your grandsires' images,
                   That blush at their degenerate progeny. Dryden.


Topic: Shamefaced
Definition:
SHA'MEFACED,  a.  Bashful; easily confused or put out of countenance.  A man may be shamefaced to excess.
                   Conscience is a blushing shamefaced spirit. Shak.
                   Your shamefac'd virtue shunn'd the people's praise. Dryden.


Topic: Shamefully
Definition:
SHA'MEFULLY,  adv.  
           1. Disgracefully; in a manner to bring reproach. He shamefully deserted his friend.
           2. With indignity or indecency; in a manner that may cause shame.
                   How shamefully that maid he did torment. Spenser.


Topic: Shameless
Definition:
SHA'MELESS,  a.  [shame and less.]  
           1. Destitute of shame; wanting modesty; impudent; brazen-faced; immodest; audacious; insensible to disgrace.
                   Such shameless bards we have. Pope.
            2. Done without shame; indicating want of shame; as a shameless denial of truth.


Topic: Shamelessnes
Definition:
SHA'MELESSNES,  n.  Destitution of shame; want of sensiblity to desgrace or dishonor; impudence.  
                   He that blushes not at his crime, but adds shamelessness to shame, has nothing left to restore him to virture. Taylor.


Topic: Shammy
Definition:
SHAM'MY,  
           1. A species of wild goat, (Capra rupicapra, goat of the rocks,) inhabiting the mountains of Savoy, Piedmont, and Pyrenees.
  The shamois is now considered as a species of antelope, (Antelope rupicapra.)
           2. A kind of sether prepared from the skin of the wild goat. It is dressed in oil or tanned, much esteemed for its softness, pliancey and quality of bearing soap without damage. A great part of the lether which bears this name is conterfeit, being made of the skin of the common goat, the kid. or even of sheep.


Topic: Shank
Definition:
SHANK,  n.  
           1. The whole joint from the knee to the ankle. In a horse, th epart of the fore leg between the knee and footlock.
           2. The tibia or large bone of the leg; as crooked shanks.
           3. The long part of an instrument; as the shank of a key.
  The beam or shaft of an anchor.
           4. A plant. [bryonia.]


Topic: Shank-painter
Definition:
SHANK-PAINTER,  n.  With seamen, a short rope and chain which sustains the shank and flukes of an anchor against the ship's side, as the stopper fastens the ring and stock to the cat-head.


Topic: Shape
Definition:
SHAPE,  v.t.  pret. shaped; pp. shaped or shapen.
           1. To form or create.
                   I was shapen in iniquity. Ps. 51.
           2. To mold or make into a particular form; to give form or figure to; as, to shape a garment.
                   Grace shap'd her limbs, and beauty deck'd her face. Prior.
           3. To mold; to cast; to regulate; to adjust; to adapt to a purpose. He shapes his plans or designs to the temper of the times.
           4. To direct; as, to shape a course.
           5. To image; to conceive.
                  Oft my jealousy


Topic: Shapesess
Definition:
SHA'PESESS,  a.  Destitute of regular form; wanting symmetry of dimensions; as deformed and shapeless.
                   The shapeless rock or hanging precipice. Pope.


Topic: Shapesmith
Definition:
SHA'PESMITH,  n.  [shape and smith.]  One that undertakes to improve the form of the body.  [In burlesque.]


Topic: Shard
Definition:
SH'ARD,  n.  
           1. A piece or fragment of an earthen vessel or of any brittle substance. Obs.
           2. The shell of an egg or of a snail.
           3. A plant. [chard.]
           4. A frith or strait; as a perilous shard.
           5. A gap.
           6. A fish.


Topic: Shardborn
Definition:
SH'ARDBORN,  a.  [shard and born.]  Born or produced among among fragments, or in crevices; as the shardborn beetle.
    Johnson suggests that shard may perhaps signify the sheath of the witgs of insects. In this case, the word should be written shardborne, and defined, born in the air by sheathed wings. Such is Todd's explanation of the word in Shakespeare. The word shard may perhaps be used for the crustaceous wing of an insect, but I know not that such a sense is legitimate. [See Sharded.]


Topic: Share
Definition:
SHARE,  n.  
           1. a part; a portion; a quantity; as a small share of prudence or good sense.
           2. A part or portion of a thing owned by a number in common; that part of an undivided interest which belongs to each proprietor; as a ship owned in ten shares; a Tontine buildind owned in a hundred shares.
           3. The part of a thing allotted or distributed to each individual of a number; divided; separate portion. Each heir has received his share of the estate.
           4. A part belonging to one; portion possessed.
                   Nor I without my share of fame. Dryden.
           5. A part contributed. He bears his share of the burden.
           6. The broad iron or blade of a plow which cuts the ground; or a furrow-slice.


Topic: Shareholder
Definition:
SHA'REHOLDER,  n.  [share and holder.]  One that holds or owns a share in a joint fund or property.
                   One of the proprietors of the mine, who was a principle shareholder in the company, died. Med. Repos.


Topic: Sharer
Definition:
SHA'RER,  n.  A partaker; one that participates any thing with another; one who enjoys or suffers in common with anotheror others; as a sharer in another's good fortune; a sharer in the toils of war; a sharer in a ladies affections. 


Topic: Sharing
Definition:
SHA'RING,  ppr.  Partaking; having a part with another; enjoying or suffering with others.
SHA'RING,  n.  Participation.


Topic: Shark
Definition:
SH'ARK,  n.  [L. carcharius; Gr. from sharp.]
           1. A voracious fish of the genus Squalus, of several species. The body is oblong, tapering and rough, and some species have several rows of serrated teeth. The largest grow to the length of thirty feet.
           2. A greedy artful fellow; one who fills his pockets by sly tricks. [Low.]
           3. Trick; fraud; petty rapine; as, to live upon the shark. [Little used.]
           4. In New England, one that lives by shifts, contrivance or stratagem.
SH'ARK,  v.t.  To pick up hastily, slily or in small quantities.  [Low.] 
SH'ARK,  v.i.  
           1. To play the petty thief; or rather to live by shifts and petty stratagems. [In New England, the common pronunciation is shurk, but the word rarely implies fraud.]
           2. To cheat; to trick. [Low.]
           3. To fawn upon for a dinner; to beg.


Topic: Sharking
Definition:
SH'ARKING,  ppr.  Picking up in haste; living by petty rapine, or by shifts and devices.
SH'ARKING,  n.  
           1. Petty rapine; trick.
           2. The seeking of a livelihood by shifts and devices.


Topic: Sharp
Definition:
SH'ARP,  a.
           1. Having a very thin edge or a fine point; keen; acute; not blunt. Thus we may say, a sharp knife, or a sharp needle. A sharp edge easily severs a substance; a sharp point is easily made to penetrate,it.
           2. Terminating in a point or edge; not obtuse; as, a hills terminates in a sharp peak, or a sharp ridge.
           3. Forming an acute or too small angle at the ridge; as a sharp roof.
           4. Acute of mind; quick to discern or distinguish; penetrating; ready at invention; witty; ingenious.
                   Nothing makes men sharper than want. Addison.
                   Many other things belong to the material world, wherein the sharpest philosophers have not yet obtained clear ideas. Watts.
           5. Being of quick or nice perception; applied to the senses or organs of perception; as a sharp eye; sharp sight.
           6. Affecting the organs of taste like fine points; piercing; penetrating; shrill; as sharp vinegar; sharp tasted citrons.
           7. Affecting the organs of hearing like sharp points; poercing; penetrating; shrill; as a sharp sound or voice; a sharp not or tone; opposed to a flat note or sound.
           8. Severe; harsh; biting; sarcastic; as sharp words; sharp rebuke.
                   -Be thy words severe,


Topic: Sharp-set
Definition:
SH'ARP-SET,  a.  [sharp and set.]
           1. Eager in appetite; affected by keen hunger; ravenous; as an eagle or a lion sharp-set.
           2. Eager in the desire for gratification.
                   The town is sharp-set on new plays. Pope.


Topic: Sharp-shooter
Definition:
SH'ARP-SHOOTER,  n.  [Sharp and shoot.]  One skilled in shooting at an object with exactness; one skilled with the use of the rifle.


Topic: Sharp-sighted
Definition:
SH'ARP-SIGHTED,  a.  [sharp and sight.]
           1. Having quick or acute sight; as a sharp-sighted eagle or hawk.
           2. Having quick discernment or acute understanding; as a sharp-sighted opponent; sharp-sighted judgement.


Topic: Sharpen
Definition:
SHARPEN,  v.t.  
           1. To make sharp; to give a keen edge or a fine point to a thing; to edge; to point; as, to sharpen a knife, an ax or the teeth of a saw; to sharpen a sword.
                   All of the Israelites went down to the Philistines to sharpen every man his share and his coulter, and his ax and his mattock. 1 Sam. 8.
           2. To make more eager or active; as, to sharpen the edge of industry.
           3. To make more pungent and painful. The abuse of wealth and greatness may hereafter sharpen the sting of conscience.
           4. To make more quick, acute or ingenious. The wit or the intellect is sharpened by study.
           5. To render perception more quick or acute.
                   Th' air sharpen'd his visual ray
                   To objects distant far. Milton.
           6. To render more keen; to make more eager for food or for any gratification; as, to sharpen the appetite; to sharpen a desire.
           7. To make biting, sarcastic or severe. Sharpen each word.
           8. To render less flat, or more shrill or piercing.
                   Inclosures not only preserve sound, but increase and sharpen it. Bacon.
           9. To make more tart or acid; to make sour; as, the rays of the sun sharpen vinegar.
           10. To make more distressing; as, to sharpen grief or other evis.
           11. In music, to raise a sound by means of a sharp.


Topic: Sharply
Definition:
SH'ARPLY,  adv.  
           1. With a keen edge or a fine point.
           2. Severely; rigorously; roughly.
                   They are to be more sharply chastised and reformed than the rude Irish.


Topic: Sharpness
Definition:
SH'ARPNESS,  n.  
           1. Keenness of an edge or point; as the sharpness of a razor or a dart.
           2. Not obtuseness.
           3. Pungency; acidity; as the sharpness of vinegar.
          4. Pungency of pain; keenness; severity of pain or affliction; as the sharpness of pain, grief or anguish.
           5. Painfulness; afflictiveness; as the sharpness or calamity.
                   And the best quarrels in the heat are curst
                   By those that feel their sharpness. Shak.
           6. Sverity of language; pungency; satirical sarcasm; as the sharpness of a satire or rebuke.
                   Some did all folly with just sharpness blame. Dryden.
           7. Acuteness of intellect; the power of nice discernment; quickness of understanding; ingenuity; as sharpness of wit or understanding.
           8. Quickness of sense or perception; as the sharpness of sight.
           9. Keenness; sverity as the sharpness of the air or weather.


Topic: Shaster
Definition:
SHAS'TER,  n.  Among the Hindoos, a sacred book containing the dogmas of the religion of the Bramis and the ceremonies of their worship, and serving as a commentary on the Vedam. It consists of three parts; the first containing the moral law of the Hindoos; the second the rites and ceremonies of their religion; the third the distribution of the people into tribes or classes, with the duties pertaining to each.


Topic: Shatter
Definition:
SHAT'TER,  v.t.
           1. To braek at once into many pieces; to dash, burst, rend or part by violence into fragments; as, explosion shatters a rock or bomb; lightning shatters the sturdy oak; steam shatters a boiler; a monarchy is shattered by revolt.
           2. To rend; to crack; to split; to rive into splinters.
           3. To dissapate; to make incapable of close and continued application; as a man of shattered humor.
           4. To disorder; to derange; to render delirious; as, to shatter teh brain, the man seems to be shattered in his intellect.
SHAT'TER,  v.i.  To be broken into fragments; to fall or crumble to pieces by any force applied.
                   Some shatter and fly in many places. Bacon.


Topic: Shatter-pated
Definition:
SHAT'TER-PATED, 
           1. Disordered or wandering in intellect.
           2. Heedless wild; not consistent.


Topic: Shatters
Definition:
SHAT'TERS,  n.  [I believe used only in the plural.]  The fragments of any thing forcibly rent or broken; used chiefly or solely in the phrases, to break or rend into shatters.


Topic: Shattery
Definition:
SHAT'TERY,  a.  Brittle; easily falling into many pieces; not compact; loose of texture; as shattery spar.


Topic: Shave
Definition:
SHAVE,  v.t. pret. shaved; pp. shaved or shaven.
           1. To cut or pare off something from the surface of the body by a razor or other edged instrument, by rubbing, scraping or drawing the instrument along the surface; as, tto shave the chin and cheeks; to shave the head of its hair.
                   He shall shave his head in the day of his cleansing. Num. 6.
           2. To shave off, to cut off.
                   Neither shall they shave off the corner of their beard. Lev. 21.
           3. To pare close.
                   The bending sythe


Topic: Shaver
Definition:
SHA'VER,  n.  
           1. One that shaves or whose occupation is to shave.
           2. One that is close in bargains or a sharp dealer.
                   This Lewis is a cunning shaver. Swift.
           3. One that fleeces; a pillager; a punderer. 
                   By these shavers the Turks werestripped of all they had. Knolles.
SHA'VER,  n.  A boy or young man. This word is still in common use in New England. It must be numbered among our original words.


Topic: Shaving
Definition:
SHA'VING,  ppr.  Paring the surface with a razor or ather sharp instrument; making smooth by paring; fleecing.
SHA'VING,  n.
           1. The act of paring the surface.
           2. A thin slice pared off with a shave, a knife , a plan or other cutting instrument.


Topic: Shawl
Definition:
SHAWL, n.  A cloth of wool, cotton, silk or hair, used by females as a loose covering for the neck and shoulders. Shawls are of various sizes from that of a hankerchief to that of a counterpane. Shawls were originally manufactured in the heart of India from the fine silky wool of the Thibet sheep, and the best shawls now come from Cashmere; but they are also manufactured in Europe. The largest kinds are used in train-dresses and for long scarfs.


Topic: She
Definition:
SHE,  pronoun personal of the feminine gender.  [She is perhaps the Heb. a woman or wife. L. quoe.]
           1. A pronoun which is a substitute for the name of a female, and of the feminine gender; the word which refers to a female mentioned in the preceding or following part of a sentence or discourse.
                   Then denied, saying, I laughed not; for she was afraid. Gen. 18.
           2. She is sometimes used as a noun for waman or female, and in the plural; but in contempt or in ludicrous language.
                   Lady, you are the cruell'st she alive. Shak.
                   The shes of Italy shall not betray
                   My interest. Shak.
           3. She is also used in composition for female, representing sex; as a she-bear; a she-cat.


Topic: Sheading
Definition:
SHE'ADING,  n.  In the isle of Man, a riding, tithing or division, in which there is a corner or chief constable. The isle is divided into six sheading.


Topic: Sheaf
Definition:
SHEAF,  n. plu. sheaves.  [L. scopa, scopo.]
           1. A quantity of the stalks of wheat, rye, oats or barley bound together; a bundle of stalks or straw.
                   -The reaper fills his greedy hands,
                   And binds the golden sheaves in brittle bands. Dryden.
           2. Any bundle or collection; as a sheaf of arrows.
SHEAF,  v.t.  To collect and bind; to make sheaves.


Topic: Shear
Definition:
SHEAR,  v.t.  pret. sheared; pp. sheared or shorn.  The old pret. shore is entirely obsolete.
           1. To cut or clip something from the surface with an instrument of two blades; to separate any thing from the surface by shears, scissors or a like instrument; as, to shear sheep; to shear cloth. It is appropriately used for the cutting of wool from sheep on their skins, for clipping the nap from cloth, but may be applied to other things; as, a horse shears the ground in feeding much closer than an ox.
           2. To separate by shears; as, to shear a fleece.
           3. To reap. [Not in use.]  Scotish.
SHEAR,  To deviate.  [See Sheer.]


Topic: Shear-water
Definition:
SHE'AR-WATER,  n.  A fowl.  [Larus niger.]  A species of petrel, (Procellaria puffinus, Linn.) found on the coasts of Great Britain and Ireland.  The cut-water, (Rhryncops nigra.)


Topic: Shears
Definition:
SHEARS,  n.  plu.  [from the verb.]  
           1. An instrument consisting of two blades with a bevel edge, movable on a pin, used for cutting cloth and other substances by interception between the two blades. Shears differ from scissors chiefly in being larger.
                   Fate urg'd the shears and cut the sylph in twain. Pope.
           2. Something in the form of the blades of shears.
           3. Wings. [Not in use.]
           4. An engine for raising heavy weights. [See Sheers.]
           5. The denomimation of the age of sheep from the cutting of the teeth; as sheep of one shear, two shear, &c. [Local.]


Topic: Sheath
Definition:
SHEATH,  n.  
           1. A case for the reception of a sword or other long and slender instrument; a scabbard. A sheath is that which separates, and hence a defense.
           2. In botany, a membrane investing a stem or branch, as in grasses.
           3. Any thin covering for defense; the wing-case of an insect.
SHEATH,  v.t.


Topic: Sheath-winged
Definition:
SHE'ATH-WINGED,  a.  [sheath and wing.]  Having cases for covering the wings; as a sheath-winged insect.


Topic: Sheathe
Definition:
SHEATHE, 
           1. To put in a case or scabbard; as, the sheathe a sword or dagger.
           2. To inclose or cover with a sheath or case.
                   The leopard-deeps the claws of his fore feet turned up from the ground, and sheathed in the skin of his toes. Grew.
                   'Tis in my breast she sheathes her dagger now. Dryden.
           3. To cover or line; as, to sheathe the bowels with demulcent or mucilaginous substances.
           4. To obtund or blunt, as acrimonious or sharp particles.
           5. To fit with a sheath.
           6. To case or cover with boards or with sheets of copper; as, to sheathe a ship to protect it from the worms.


Topic: Sheathed
Definition:
SHE'ATHED,  pp.  
           1. Put in a sheath; inclosed or covered in a case; covered; lined; invested with a membrane.
           2. a. In botany, vaginate; invested by a sheath or cylindrical membranaceous tube, which is the base of the leaf, as the stalk or culm in grasses.


Topic: Sheathing
Definition:
SHE'ATHING,  ppr.  Putting in a sheath; inclosing in a case; covering; liningl investing with a membrane.
SHE'ATHING,  n,  The casing or covering of a ship's bottom and sides; or the materials for such covering.


Topic: Sheave
Definition:
SHEAVE,  n.  In seamen's language, a wheel in which the rope works in a block. It is made of hard wood or a metal. When made of wood, it is sometimes bushed, that is, has a piece or perforated brass let into its center, the better to sustain the friction of the pin.
SHEAVE,  v.t.  To bring together; to collect.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Shed
Definition:
SHED,  v.t. pret. and pp. shed.
           1. To pour out; to effuse; to spill; to suffer to flow out; as, to shed tears; to shed blood. The sun sheds light on the earth; the stars shed a more feeble light.
                   This is my blood of the New Testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins. Matt. 26.
           2. To let fall; to cast; as, the trees shed their leaves on autumn; fowls shed their fethers; and serpents shed their skin.
           3. To scatter to emit; to throw off; to diffuse; as, flowers shed their sweets of fragrance.
SHED,  v.i.  To let fall its parts.
                   White oats are apt to shed most as they lie, and black as they stand.


Topic: Shedding
Definition:
SHED'DING,  ppr.  Effusing; causing to flow out; letting fall; casting; throwing off; sending out; diffusing; keeping off.


Topic: Sheeny
Definition:
SHEE'NY, 
                   Up rose each warrior bold and brave, 
                  Glist'ring in filed steel and armor sheen. Fairfax. [This word is used only in poetry.]


Topic: Sheep
Definition:
SHEEP,  n. sing. and plu.
           1. An animal of the genus Ovis, which is one of the most useful species that the Creator has bestowed upon man, and its wool constitutes a principal material of warm clothing, and its flesh is a great article of fool. The sheep is remarkable for its harmless temper ant its tmidity. the varieties are numerous.
           2. In contempt, a silly fellow.
           3. Figuratively, God's people are called sheep, as being under the government and protection of Christ, the great Shepherd.


Topic: Sheep-shank
Definition:
SHEE'P-SHANK,  n.  [sheep and shank.]  Among seamen, a knot in a rope make to shorten it, as on a runner or a tie.


Topic: Sheep-shearing
Definition:
SHEE'P-SHEARING,  n.  
           1. The act of shearing sheep.
           2. The time of shearing sheep; also, a feast make on that occasion.


Topic: Sheep-walk
Definition:
SHEE'P-WALK,  n.  [sheep and walk.]  Pasture for sheep; a place where sheep feed.
                                                                                                                                 


Topic: Sheephook
Definition:
SHEE'PHOOK,  n.  [sheep and hook.]  A hook fastened fastened to a pole, by which shepherds lay hold holsd on hte legs of their sheep.


Topic: Sheepish
Definition:
SHEE'PISH,  a.  
           1. Like a sheep; bashfus; timorous to excess; over-modest; meanly diffident.
           2. Pertaining to sheep.


Topic: Sheeps-eye
Definition:
SHEE'P'S-EYE,  n.  [sheep and eye.]  A modest diffident look, such as lovers casst at their mistresses.


Topic: Sheeps-head
Definition:
SHEE'P'S-HEAD,  n.  [sheep and head.]  A fish caught on the shores of Connecticut and of Long Island, so called from the resemblance of its head to that of a sheep. It is esteemed delicious food.


Topic: Sheer
Definition:
SHEER,  a.  
           1. Pure; clear; separate from anything foreign; unmingled; as sheer ale. But this application is unusual. We saysheer argument, sheer wit, sheer falsehook, &c.
           2. Clear; thin; as sheer muslin.
SHEER,  adv.  Clean; quite; at once.  Obs.
SHEER,  v.t.  To sheer. [Not in use.]
SHEER,  v.i.  [See Shear, the sense of which is to separate.]
           1. In seamen's language, to decline or deviate from the line of the proper course, as a ship when not steered with steadiness.
           2. To slip or move aside. 


Topic: Sheer-hulk
Definition:
SHEER-HULK,  n.  An old ship of war, fitted with sheers of apparatus to fix or take out the masts of other ships.


Topic: Sheers
Definition:
SHEERS,  n. plu.  An engine consisting of two or more pieces of timber or poses, fastened together near the top; used for raising heavy weights, particularly for hoisting the lower masts of ships.


Topic: Sheet
Definition:
SHEET,  n.  [L. schenda; Gr. The Greek and Latin words signify a table or plate for writing on; L. scindo, Gr.]
           1. A broad piece of cloth used as part of bed-furniture.
           2. A broad piece of paper as it comes from the manufacturer. Sheets of paper are of different sizes, as royal, demi, foolscap, pot and post-paper.
           3. A piece of paper printed, folede and bound, or formed in to a book in blank, and making four, eight, sixteen or twenty-four pages, &c.
           4. Any thing expanded; as a sheet of water or of fire; a sheet of copper, lead or iron. 
           5. Sheets, plu. a book or pamphlet. The following sheets contains a full answer to my opponent.
           6. A sail.
SHEET,  n.  In nautical language, a rope fastened to one or both the lower corners of a sail to extend and retain it in a particular situation. When a ship sails with a side-wind, the lower corners of the main and fore-sails are fastened with a tackand a sheet.
SHEET,  v.t.  
           1. To furnish with sheets. [Little used.]
           2. To fold in a sheet. [Little used.]
           3. To cover as with a sheet; to cover with something broad and thin.
                   When snow the pasture sheets. Shak.


Topic: Sheet-anchor
Definition:
SHEET-ANCHOR,  n.  
           1. The largest anchor of a ship, which in stress of wheather is sometimes the seaman's last refuge to prevent the ship from going ashore. Hence,
           2. The chief support; the last refuge for safety.


Topic: Sheild
Definition:
SHEILD,  n.  
           1. A broad piece of defensive armor; a buckler; used in war for the protection of the body. The shields of the ancients were of different shapes and sizes, triangular, square, oval, &c. made of lether or wood covered with lether, and borne on the left arm. This species of armor was a good defence angainst arrows , darts, spears, &c. but would not protect against bullets.
           2. Defense; shelter; protection; or the person that defends or protects; as a chief, the ornament and the shield of the nation.
                   Fear not, Abram; I am they shield and thy exceedind great reward. Gen. 15.
           3. In heraldry, the escutcheon or field on which are placed the bearings in coats of arms.


Topic: Shekel
Definition:
SHEK'EL,  n.  [Heb. to way; Low L. siclus.]  An ancient weight and coin among the Jews and other nations of the same stock. Dr. Arbuthnot makes the weight to have been equal to 9 pennyweights, 2 4/7 grains, Troy weight, and the value of 2s. 3 3/8d. sterling, or about half a dollar. Others make its value 2s. 6d. sterling. The golden shekel was worht 1. 16. 6. pounds sterling, about $8, 12.


Topic: Sheldrake
Definition:
SHEL'DRAKE,  n.  An aquatic fowl of the duck kind, the Anas tadorna. It has a greenish black head, and its body is variegated with white.


Topic: Shelf
Definition:
SHELF,  n. plu. shelves.
           1. A platform of boards or planks, elevated above the floor, and fixed and set on a frame or contiguous to a wall, for holding vessels, utensils, books and the like.
           2. A sand bank in the sea, or a rock or ledge of rocks, rendering the water shallow and dangerous to ships.
           3. In mining, fast ground; the part of the internal structure of the earth which lies in an even regular form.


Topic: Shelfy
Definition:
SHELF'Y,  a.  
           1. Full if shelves; abounding with with sand bank or rocks lying near the surface of the water and rendering navigation dangerous; as a shelfy coast.
           2. Hard; firm. [See Shelf, No. 3.]  [Not in use.]


Topic: Shell
Definition:
SHELL,  n.  
           1. The hard and stony covering of certain fruits and of certain animals; as the shell of a nut; the shell of an oyster or lobster. the shells of animals are crustaceous or testaceous; crustaceous as that of the lobster, and testaceous as that of the oyster and clam.
           2. The outer coat of an egg.
           3. The outer part of a house unfinished. We say of a building that wants the interior timbers or finishing, that it is a mere shell.
           4. An instrument of music, like testudo in Latin; the first lyre being make, it is said, by drawing strings over a tortoise shell.
           5. Oute ror superficial part; as the shell of religion.
           6. A bomb.


Topic: Shell-fish
Definition:
SHELL'-FISH,  n.  An aquatic animal whose covering consists of a shell, crustaceous or testaceous; as lobsters, crabs, oysters, clams, &c.


Topic: Shelling
Definition:
SHELL'ING,  ppr.  
           1. Taking off the shell; casting the external hard covering; separating from hte husk and falling.
           2. Separating from the ear, as maiz.


Topic: Shelly
Definition:
SHELL'Y,  a. 
           1. Abounding with shells; as the shelly shore.
           2. Consisting of shells. Lobsters disengage themselves from their shelly prisons.


Topic: Shelter
Definition:
SHEL'TER,  n.  [L. celo.]
           1. That which covers or defends from injury or annoyance. A house is a shelter from rain and other inclemencies of the weather; the foliage of a tree is a shelter from the rays of the sun.
                   The healing plant shall aid,
                   From storms a shelter, and from heat a shade. Pope.
           2. The state of being covered and protected; protection; security.
                   Who into shelter takes their tender bloom. Young.
           3. He that defends or guards from danger.
SHEL'TER,  v.t.  
           1. To cover from violence, injury, annoyance or attack; as a valley sheltered from the north wind by a mountain.
                   Those ruins shelter'd once his sacred head. Dryden.
                   We besought the deep shelter to us. Milton.
           2. To defend; to protect from danger; to secure or render safe; to harbor.
                   What endless shall you gain,
                   to save and shelter Troy's unhappy train?  Dryden. 
           3. To betake to cover or a safe place.
                   They sheltered themselves under a rock. Abbot.
           4. To cover from notice; to disguise for protection.
                   In vain I strove to check my growing flame,
                   Or shelter passion under friendship's name. Prior.
  
SHEL'TER,  v.i.  To take shelter.
                   There the Indian herdsman shunning heat,


Topic: Shelterless
Definition:
SHEL'TERLESS,  a.  Destitute of shelter or protection; without home or refuge.
                   Now sad and shelterless perhaps she lies. Rowe.


Topic: Sheltie
Definition:
SHEL'TIE,  n.  A small but strong horse in Scotland; so called from Shetland, where it is produced.
    


Topic: Shelve
Definition:
SHELVE,  v.t.  shelv.  To place on a shelf or on shelves.  [Not in use.]
SHELVE,  v.i.  to incline; to be sloping.


Topic: Shelving
Definition:
SHELV'ING,  ppr. or a.  Inclining; sloping; having declivity.
                   With rocks and shelving arches vaulted round. Addison.


Topic: Shemitic
Definition:
SHEMIT'IC,  a.  Pertaining to Shem, the son of Noah. The Shemetic languages are Chaldee, Syriac, Arabic, Hebrew, Samaria, Ethiopic and Old Phoenician.


Topic: Shend
Definition:
SHEND,  v.t. ptet. and pp. shent.
           1. To injure, mar or spoil. Obs. 
                   That much I fear my body willbe shent. Dryden.
           2. To blame, reproach. revile, degrade, disgrace.
                   The famous name of knighthood foully shend. Spenser.
           3. To overpower or surpass.
                   She pass'd the rest as Cynthia doth shend
                   The lesser stars.


Topic: Shepherd
Definition:
SHEP'HERD,  n.
           1. A man employed in tending, feeding and gaurding sheep in the pasture.
           2. A swain; a rural lover.
           3. The pastor of a parish, church or congregation; a minister of the gospel who superintends a church or parish, and gived instruction in spiritual things. God and Christ are in Scripture dinominated Shepherds, as they lead, protect and govern their people, and provide for their wilfare.


Topic: Shepherdess
Definition:
SHEP'HERDESS, n. A woman that tends sheep; hence, a rural lass.
                 She put herself into the garb of a sheperdess. Sidney.


Topic: Sherbet
Definition:
SHER'BET,  n.  [L. sorbeo.]  A drink composed of water, lemon juice and sugar, sometimes with perfumed cakes dissolved in it, with an infusion of some drops of rose water.  Another kind made with violets, honey, juice of rasins, &c.


Topic: Sherif
Definition:
SHER'IF,  n.  An officer in each county, to whom is entrusted the execution of the laws.  In England, sherifs are appointed by the king.  In the United States, sherifs are elected by legislature or by the citizens, or appointed and commissioned by the executive of the state.  The office of sherif in England is judicial and ministerial.  In the United States it is mostly or wholly ministerial.  The sherif, by himself or his deputies, executes civil and criminal process throughout the county, has charge of the jail and prisoners, attends courts and keeps the peace.


Topic: Sherry
Definition:
SHER'RY,  n.  [sometimes written sherris.]  A species of wine; so called from Xeres in Spain, where it is made.


Topic: Shibboleth
Definition:
SHIB'BOLETH,  n.  [Heb. an ear of corn, or a stream of water.]
           1. A word which was made the criterion by which to distinguish the Ephraimites not being able to pronounce the letter sh, pronounced the word sibboleth. See Judges 12. Hence,
           2. The criterion of a party; or that which distinguishes one party from another; and usually some peculiarity in things of little importance.


Topic: Shide
Definition:
SHIDE,  n.  A piece split off; a cleft; a piece; a billet of wood; a splinter.
  [Not used in New England, and local in England.] 


Topic: Shield
Definition:
SHIELD,  v.t.  
           1. To cover, as with a shield; to cover from dasnger; to defend; to protect; to secure form assault or injury.
                   To see the son the vanquish'd father shield. Dryden.
                   Hear one that comes to shield his injur'd honor. Smith.


Topic: Shift
Definition:
SHIFT,  v.i.  
           1. To move; to change place or position. Vegetables are not able to shift and seek nutriment.
           2. To change its direction; to vary; as, the wind shifted from south to west.
           3. To change; to give place to other things.
           4. To change clothes particularly the under garment or chemise.
           5. To resort to expedients for a livelihood, or for accomplishing a purpose; to move from one thing to another, and to seize one expedient when anohter fails.
                   Men in distress will look to themselves, and leave their companions to shift as well as they can. L'Estrange.
           6. To practice indirect methods.
           7. To seek methods of safety.
                   Nature teaches every creature how to shift for itself in cases of danger.


Topic: Shifter
Definition:
SHIFT'ER,  n.  
           1. One that shifts; the person that plays tricks or practices artifice.
           2. In ships, a person employed to assist the ship's cook in washing, steeping and shifting the salt provisions.


Topic: Shiftless
Definition:
SHIFT'LESS,  a.  Destitute of expedients, or not resorting to successful expedients; wanting means to act or live; as a shiftless fellow. 


Topic: Shilling
Definition:
SHIL'LING,  n.  An English silver coin equal to twelve pence, or the twentieth part of a pound. The English shilling, or shilling sterling, is equivilent to nearly 22 cents, 22 hundredths, money of the United States. Our ancestors introduced the name with the coin into this country, but by depreciation the value of the shilling shrunk in New England and Virginia one fourth, or to a fraction less than 17 cents, in New York to 12 1/2 cents, in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Maryland to about 11 cents.
     This denomination of money still subsists in the United States, although there is no coin of that value current, except the Spanish coin of 12 1/2/ cents, which is a shilling in the money in the state of New York. Since the adoption of the present coins of the United States, eagles, dollars, cents, &c. the use of the shilling is continued only by habit.


Topic: Shilly-shally
Definition:
SHILLY-SHALLY,  n.  Foolish trifling; irresolution.  [Vulgar.]  [This word has probably been written shill-I shall-I, from an ignorance of its origin.]


Topic: Shin
Definition:
SHIN,  n.  The fore part of the leg, particularly of the human leg; the fore part of the crural bone, called tibia. This bone being only covered by the skin, may be named for that circumstance; skin-bone; or it may be formed from the root of chine, edge.


Topic: Shine
Definition:
SHINE,  v.i.  [If s is a prefix, this word accords with the root of L. canus, caneo.
           1. To emit rays of light; to give light; to beam with steady radiance; to exhibit lightness or splendor; as, the sun shines by day; the moon shines by night. Shining differs from sparkling, glistening, glittering, as it usually implies a steady radiation or emission of light, whereas the latter words usually imply irregular or interrupted radiation. This distinction is not always not always observed, and we may say, the fixed stars shine, as well as they sparkle. But we never say the sun or the moon sparkles.
           2. To be bright; to be lively and animated; to be brilliant.
                   Let thine eyes shine forth in their full luster. Denham.
           3. To be unclouded; as, the moon shines. 


Topic: Shingle
Definition:
SHIN'GLE,  n.  [Gr.; L. scinkula, from scindo.]
           1. A thin board sawed or rived for covering buildings. Shingles are of different lengths, with one end much thinner than the other for lapping. They are used for covering roofs and sometimes the body of the builking.
           2. Round gravel, or a collection of roundish stones.
                   The plain of La Crau in France, is composed of shingle. Pinkerton.
           3. Shingles, plu. [L. cingulum,]  a kind of tetter or herpes which spreads around the body like a girdle; an eruptive disease.
SHIN'GLE,  v.t.  To cover with shingles; as, to shingle a roof.


Topic: Shining
Definition:
SHI'NING,  ppr.
           1. Emitting light; beaming; gleaming.
           2. a. Bright; splendid; radiant.
           3. Illustrious; distinguished; conspicuous; as a shining example of charity.
SHI'NING,  n.  Effusion or clearness of light; brightness.


Topic: Shiny
Definition:
SHI'NY,  a.  Bright; luminous; clear; unclouded.
                   Like a distant thunder on a shiny day. Dryden.


Topic: Ship
Definition:
SHIP,  as a termination, denotes state or office; as in lordship.
SHIP.  [See Shape.]
SHIP,  n.  [L.  scapha; from the root of shape.]  In a general sense, a vessel or building of a peculiar structure, adapted to navigation, or floating on water by means of sails. In an appropriate sense, a building of a structure or form fitted for navigation, furnished with a bowsprit and three masts, a main-mast, a fore-mast and a mizen-mast, each of which is composed a lower-mast, a top-mast and top-gallant-mast, and square rigged. Ships are of various sizes and are for various uses; most of them however fall under the denomination of ships of war and merchant's ships.
SHIP,  v.t.  
           1. To put on board of a ship or vessel of any kind; as, to ship goods at Liverpoll for New York.
           2. To transport in a ship; to convey by water.
                   The sun shall no sooner the mountains touch,
                   But we will ship him hence. Shak.
           3. To receive into a ship or vessel; as, to ship at sea.


Topic: Ship-chandler
Definition:
SHIP-CH'ANDLER,  n.  [ship and chandler.]  One who deals in cordage, canvas and other furniture of ships.


Topic: Shipboard
Definition:
SHIP'BOARD,  adv.  [ship and board.]  
           1. To go on shipboard or a shipboard is to go aboard; to enter a ship; to embark; literally, to go over the side. It is a peculiar phrase, and not much used. Seamen say, to go aboard or on board. 


Topic: Shipment
Definition:
SHIP'MENT,  n.  
           1. The act of putting any thing on board of another ship or vessel; embarkation; as, he engaged in the shipment of coal for London.
           2. The goods or things shipped, or put on board of another ship or vessel. We say, the merchants have made large shipments to the United States.
                   The question is whether the share of M in the shipment is exempted from the condemnation by reason of his nuetral domicil. J. Story. 
                                                                     


Topic: Shipping
Definition:
SHIP'PING,  ppr.  
           1. Putting on board of a ship or vessel; receiving on board.
           2. a. Relating to ships; as shipping concerns.
SHIP'PING,  n.  Ships in general; ships or vessels of any kind for navigation. The shipping of the English nation exceeds that of any other. The tunnage of shipping belonging to the United States is second only to that of Great Britain.


Topic: Shipwreck
Definition:
SHIP'WRECK,  n.  [ship and wreck.]  
           1. The destruction of a ship or vessel by being cast ashore or broken to pieces by beating against rocks and the like.
            2. The parts of a shattered ship.
           3. Destruction.


Topic: Shipwright
Definition:
SHIP'WRIGHT,  n.  [ship and wright. See Work.]  One whose occupation is to construct ships; a builder of ships or other vessels.


Topic: Shire
Definition:
SHIRE,  n.  In England, a division of territory, otherwise called a county. The shire was originally a division of the kingdom under the jurisdiction of an earl or count, whose authority was entrusted to the sherif. [shire-reeve.] On this officer the goverment ultimately devolved. In the United States, the corresponding division of a state is called a county, but we retain shire in the in the compound half-shire; as when the county court is held in two towns in the same county alternately, we call one of the divisions a half-shire.
     In some states, shire as the constituent part of the name of a county, as Berkshire, Hampshire, in Massachusetts. These being the names established by law, we cannot say, the county of Berkshire, and we cannot with propriety say, the caounty of Berks, for there is no county in Massa chusetts thus named.


Topic: Shirley
Definition:
SHIR'LEY,  n.  A bird, by some called the greater bullfinch; having the upper part of the body a dark brown, and the throat and breast read.


Topic: Shirt
Definition:
SHIRT,  n. shurt.  [L. curtus.]  A loose garment of linen, cotton or other material, worn by men and boys next the body.
                   It is folly for a nation to export beef and linen, while a great part of the peaple are obliged to subsist on potatoes, and have no shirts to wear. A.M.
SHIRT,  v.t. shurt. 
           1. To cover or clothe, as with a shirt.
           2. To change the shirt and put on a clean one. 


Topic: Shittam
Definition:
SHIT'TAM,   boards of the tabernacle were made among the Jews. Teh wood is said to be hard, tough and smooth, and very beautiful.


Topic: Shive
Definition:
SHIVE,  n.  shiv.  
           1. A slice; a thin cut; as a shive of bread. [Not in use.]
           2. A thin flexible piece cut off. [Not in use.]
          3. A little piece or fragment; as the shives of flax made by breaking


Topic: Shiver
Definition:
SHIV'ER,  n.  
           1. In mineralogy, a species of blue slate; shist; shale.
           2. In seamen's language, a little wheel; a sheeve.
SHIV'ER,  v.t.  [supra. Qu. Heb. to break in pieces. Class Br. No.26.]  To break into many small pieces or splinters; to shatter; to dash to pieces by a blow.
                   The ground with shiver'd armor strown. Milton.
SHIV'ER,  v.i.  
           1. To fell at once into many small pieces or parts.
                   The natural world, should gravity once cease, would instantly shiver into of millions of atoms. Woodward.
           2. To quake; to tremble; to shudder; to shake, as with cold, ague; fear or horror.
                   The man that shiver'd on the brink of sin. Dryden.
                   Prometeus is laid
                   On icy Caucasus to shiver. Swift. 
           3. To be affected with a thrilling sensation, like that of chillness.
                   Any very harsh noise will set the teeth on edge, and make all the body shiver. 


Topic: Shivering
Definition:
SHIV'ERING,  ppr.
           1. Breaking or dashing into small pieces.
           2. Quaking; trembling; shaking, as with cold or fear.
       
SHIV'ERING,  n.  
           1. The act of breaking or dashing to pieces; division; severance.
           2. A trembling; a shaking with cold or fear.


Topic: Shoad
Definition:
SHOAD,  n.  Among miners, a train of metallic stones which serves to direct them in the discovery of mines.


Topic: Shoad-stone
Definition:
SHOAD-STONE,  n.  A small ston, smooth, of a dark liver color with a shade of purple. Shoad-stoners are loose masses found at the entrances of mines, sometimes running in a straight line from the surface to a vein of ore. They appear to be broken from the strata or larger massess; they usually contain mundic, or marcastic matter, and a portion of the ore of the mine.


Topic: Shoal
Definition:
SHOAL,  n.  
           1. A great multitude assembled; a crowd; a throng; as shoals of people. Immense shoals of herring appear on the coast in the spring.
                   The vices of a prince draw shoals of followers. Decay of Piety.
           2. A place where the water of a river, lake or sea is shallow or af little depth; a sand bank or bar; a shallow. The entrance of rivers is often rendered difficult or dangerous by shoals.
SHOAL,  v.i.  
           1. To crowd; to throng; to assemble in a multitude. The fishes shoaled about the place.
           2. To become more shallow. The water shoals as we approach the town.
SHOAL,  a.  Shallow; of little depth; as shoal water.


Topic: Shoaliness
Definition:
SHOALINESS,  n.  [from shoaly.]  
           1. Shallowness; little depth of water.
           2. The state of abounding with shoals.


Topic: Shoaly
Definition:
SHOALY,  a.  Full of shoals or shallow places.
                   The tossing vessel sail'd on shoaly ground. Dryden.


Topic: Shock
Definition:
SHOCK,  n.  
           1. A violent collision of bodies, or the concussion which it occasions; a viosent striking or dashing against.
                   The strong unshaken mounds resist the shocks
                   Of tides and seas. Blackmore.
           2. Violent onset; conflict of contending armies or foes.
                   He stood the shock of a whole host of foes. Addison.
           3. External violence; as the shocks of fortune.
           4. Offense; impression of disgust.
                   Fewer shocks a staesman gives his friend. Young.
           5. In electricity, the effect on the animal system of a discharge of the fluid from a charged body.
           6. A pile of sheaves of wheat, rey, &c. 
                   And cause it on shocks to be by and by set. Tusser.
                   Behind th emaster walks, builds up th eshocks. Thomson. 
          7. In New England, the number of sixteen sheaves of wheat, rye, &c. [This is the sense in which this word is generally used with us.]
           8. A dog with long rough hair or shag. [from shag.]
SHOCK,  v.t.  
           1. To shake by the sudden collision of a body.
           2. To meet with force; to encounter.
           3. To strike, as with horror or disgust; to cause to recoil, as from something odious or horrible; to offend extremely; to disgust. I was shocked at the sight of so much misery. A void everything that can shock the feelings of delicacy.
                   Advise him not to shock a father's will. Dryden.
SHOCK,  v.i.  To collect sheaves into a pile; to pile sheaves.


Topic: Shocked
Definition:
SHOCK'ED,  pp.
           1. Struck, as with horror; offended; disgusted.
           2. Piled, as in sheaves.


Topic: Shocking
Definition:
SHOCK'ING,  ppr.
           1. Shaking with sudden violence.
           2. Meeting in onset or violent encounter.
                   And now with shouts the shocking armies clos'd. Pope.
           3. a. Striking, as with horror; causing to recoil with horror or disgust; extremely offensive or disgusting.
                   The French humor- is very shocking to the Italians. Addison.


Topic: Shoe
Definition:
SHOE,  n. plu. shoes.  
           1. A covering for the foot, usually of lether, composed of a thick species for the sole, and a thinner kind for the vamp and quarthers. Shoes for ladies often have some kind of cloth for the vamp and quarters. 
           2. A plate or rim of iron nailed to the hoof of a horse to defend it from injury; also, a plate of iron for for an ox's hoof, one for each division of the hoof. Oxen are shod in New England, sometimes to defend the hoof from injury in stony places, more generally to enable them to wald on ice, in which case the shoes are armed with sharp points. This is called calking.
           3. The plate of iron which is nailed to the bottom of the runner of a sleigh, or any vehicle that slides on snow in the winter.
           4. A piece of timber fastened with pins to the bottom of the runners of a sled, to prevent them from wearing.
           5. Something in form of a shoe.
           6. A cover for defense.


Topic: Shoeinghorn
Definition:
SHOEING'HORN,  n.  [shoe and horn.]
           1. A horn used to facilitate the entrance of the foot onto a narrow shoe.
           2. Any thing by which transaction is facilitated; any thing used as a medium; in contempt. [I have never heard this word in America.]


Topic: Shoeless
Definition:
SHOELESS,  a.  Destitute of shoes.
                   Caltrops very much incommoded the shoeless Moors. Dr. Addison.


Topic: Shog
Definition:
SHOG,  for shock, a violent concussion.  [Not in use.]
SHOG,  v.t.  To shake; to agitate.  [Not in use.]
SHOG,  v.i.  To move off; to be gone; to jog.  [Not in use. See Jog.]


Topic: Shole
Definition:
SHOLE,  n.  A throng; a crowd; a great multitude assembled.  [This is the better orthography. See Shoal.]


Topic: Shoot
Definition:
SHOOT,  v.t. prte. and pp. shot. The old participle shotten, is obsolete.  [L. scateo, to shoot out water.]
           1. To let fly and drive with force; as, to shoot an arrow.
           2. To discharge and cause to be driven with violence; as, to shoot a ball.
                   And from about her shot darts of desire. Milton.
           4. To let off; used of the instrument.
                   The two ends of a bow shot off, fly from one another. Boyle.
           5. To strike with any thing shot; as, to shoot with an arrow or a bullet.
           6. To send out; to push forth; as, a plant shoots a branch.
           7. To push out; to emit; to dart; to thrust forth.
                   Beware of the secret snake that shoots a sting. Dryden.
           8. To push forward; to drive; to propel; as, to shoot a bolt.
           9. To push out; to thrust forward.
                   They shoot out the lip. Ps. 22.
     The phrase, to shoot out the lip, signifies to treat with derision or contempt.
           10. To pass through with swiftness; as, to shoot the Stygian flood.
           11. To fit to each other by planing; a workman's term.
                   Two pieces of wood that are shot, that is, planed or pared with a chisel.


Topic: Shooting
Definition:
SHOOT'ING,  ppr.  Discharging, as fire-arms; driving or sending with violence; pushing out; protuberating; germinating; branching; glancing, as in pain.


Topic: Shop
Definition:
SHOP,  n.  
           1. A builking in which goods, wares, drugs, &c. are sold by retail.
           2. a building in which mechanics work, and where they keep their manufactures for sale.
                   Keep your shop, and your shop will keep you. Franklin.
SHOP,  v.i.  To visit shops for purchasing goods; used chiefly in the participle; as, the laky is shopping.


Topic: Shopboard
Definition:
SHOP'BOARD,  n.  [shop and board.]  A bench on which work is performed; as a doctor or divine taken from the shopboard.


Topic: Shopkeeper
Definition:
SHOP'KEEPER,  n.  [shopand keep.]  A trader who sells in a shop or by retail; in distinction from a merchant, or one who sells by wholesale.


Topic: Shoplifter
Definition:
SHOP'LIFTER,  n.  [shop and lift. See Lift.]  One who steals any thing from a shop, or takes goods privately from a shop; one who under pretense of buying goods, takes occasion the steal.


Topic: Shopman
Definition:
SHOP'MAN,  n.  [shop and man.]  
           1. A petty trader.
           2. One who serves in a shop.


Topic: Shore
Definition:
SHORE,  the old. pret. of shear.  Obs.
SHORE,  n.  The coast or land adjacent to the sea, or to a large lake or river. This word is applied primarily to land contiguous to water; but it extends to the ground near the border of the sea or of a lake, which is covered with water. We also use the word to express the land near the border of the sea or of a great lake, to an indefinite extent; as when we say, a town stands on the shore. We do not apply the word to land contiguous to a small stream. This we call a bank.
SHORE,  n.  [The popular but corrupt pronunciation of sewer; a pronunciation that should be carefully avoided.]
SHORE,  n.  A prop; a butress; something that supports a building or other thing.
SHORE,  v.t.  
           1. To prop; to support by a post or butress; usually withsup; as, to shore up a building.
           2. To set on shore. [Not in use.]


Topic: Shorl
Definition:
SHORL,  n.  A mineral, usually of a black color, found in masses of an intermediate form, or crystallized in three or nine sided prisms, which when entire are terminated by three sided summits. The surface of the crystals is longitudinally streaked. the amorphous sort presents thin straight distinct columnur concretions, sometimes parallel, sometimes diverging or stelliform. This is called also tourmalin.
    The shorl of the mineralogists of the last century comprehended a variety of substances which later observations have separated into several species. The green shorl is the epidote, or the vesuvian, or the acinolite. The violet shorl an the lenticular shorl ar ethe axinite. The black volcanic shorl is si the augite. The white Vesuvian shorl is the sommite. The white grenatiform is the leucite. The white prismatic is the pycnite, a species of the topaz, and another is a variety of feldspar. Of the blue shorl, one variety is the oxyd of titanium, another the sappare, and another the phosphate of irin. The shorl cruciform is the granitite. The octahedral shorl is the octahedrite or anatase. The red shorl of Hungary and the purple of Madagascar, are varieties of the oxyd of titanium. The spathic shorl is th espodummene. the black shorl and th eelectric shorl only remain, and to this species the name tourmalin was given by that celebrated mineralogist, the Abbe Hauy.
     Blue shorl is a variety of Hauyne. Red and titanic shorl is rutile.


Topic: Shorling
Definition:
SHOR'LING,   In England, the skin of a living sheep shorn, as distinct from the morling, or skin taken from a dead sheep. Hence in some parts of England, a shorling is  a sheep shorn, and a morling is one that dies.


Topic: Shorlite
Definition:
SHORL'ITE,  n.  A mineral of a greenish white color, sometimes yellowish; mostly found in irregular oblong masses or columns, inserted in a mixture of quartz and mica or granite.  
     Shorlite of shorlous topaz, the pycnite of Werner, is of a straw yellow color.


Topic: Shorn
Definition:
SHORN  pp. of shear.
           1. Cut off; as a lock of wool shorn.
           2. Having the hair or wool cut off or sheared; as a shorn lamb.
           3. Deprived; as a prince shorn of his honors.


Topic: Short
Definition:
SHORT,  a.  [L. curtus.]
           1. Not long; not having great length or extension; as a short distance; a short ferry; a short flight; a short piece of timber.
                   The bed is shorter than a man can stretch himself on it. Is. 28.
           2. Not extended in time; not of long duration.
                   The triumphing of the wicked is short. Job 20. 
           3. Not of usual or suffifient length, reach or extent.
                   Weak though I am of limb, and short of sight. Pope.
           4. Not of long duration; repeated at small intervals of time; as short breath.
           5. Not of adequate extent or quantity; not reaching the point demanded, desired or expected; as a quantity short of our expectations.
                   Not therefore am I short
                   Of knowing what I ought. Milton.
           6. Deficient; defective; imperfect. This account is short of the truth.
           7. Not adequate; insufficient; scanty; as, provisions are short; a short allowance of water for the voyage.
           8. Not sufficiently supplied; scantily furnished.
                   the English were inferior in number, and grew short in their provisions.


Topic: Short-jointed
Definition:
SHORT'-JOINTED,  a.  [short and joint.]  A horse is said to be short-jointed when the pastern is to short.


Topic: Short-lived
Definition:
SHORT'-LIVED,  a.  [short and live.]  Not living or lasting long; being of short continuance; as a short-lived race of beings; short-lived pleasure; short-lived passion.


Topic: Short-sightedness
Definition:
SHORT-SIGHTEDNESS,  n.  
           1. A defect in vision, consisting in the inability to see things at a distance, or at the distance to which ssight normally extends. Short-sightedness is owing to the too great convexity of the crystaline humor of the eye, by which the rays of light are brought to a focus too soon, that is, before they reach the retina.
           2. Defected or limited intellectual sight; inabilaty to see far into futurity or into things deep or abstruse.


Topic: Short-winded
Definition:
SHORT-WIND'ED,  a.  [short and wind.]  Affected with shortness of breath; having a quick respiration; as asthmatic persons.


Topic: Shorten
Definition:
SHORTEN,  v.t. short'n.  
           1. To make short in measure, extent or time; as, to shorten distance; to shorten a road; to shorten days of calamity.
           2. To abridge; to lessen; as, to shorten labor or work.
           3. To curtail; as, to shorten the hair by clipping.
           4. To cintract; to lessen; to diminish in extent or amount; as, to shorten sail; to shorten an allowance of provisions.
           5. To confine; to restrain.
                   Here where the subject is so fruitful, I am shortened by my chain. Dryden.
           6. To lop; to deprive.
                   The youth-shortened of his ears. Dryden.
SHORTEN,  v.i. short'n.  
           1. To become short or shorter. The day shortens in northern latitudes from June to December.
           2. To contract; as, a cord shortens by being wet; a metallic rod shortens by cold.


Topic: Shortening
Definition:
SHORT'ENING,  ppr.  Making shorter; contracting.
SHORT'ENING,  n.  Something used in cookery to make paste short or friable, as butter or lard.


Topic: Shortly
Definition:
SHORT'LY,  adv.  
           1. Quickly; soon; in a little time.
                   The armies came shortly in view of each other. Clarendon.
           2. In a few words; briefly; as, to express ideas more shortly in verse than in prose.


Topic: Shortness
Definition:
SHORT'NESS,  n.  
           1. The quality of being short in space or time; little length or little duration; as the shortness of a journey or of distance; the shortness of the days in winter; the shortness of life.
           2. Fewness of words; brevity; conciseness; as th eshortness of an essay. The prayers of the church, by reason of their shortness, are easy for the memory.
           3. Want of reach or the power of retention; as the shortness of the memory.
          4. Deficiency; imperfection; limited extent; as the shortness of our reason.


Topic: Shortsighted
Definition:
SHORT'SIGHTED,  a.  [short and sight.]  
           1. Not able to see far; having limited vision; in a literal sense.
           2. Not able to look far into futurity; not able to understand things deep or remite; of limited intellect.


Topic: Shot
Definition:
SHOT,  pret. and pp. of shoot.
SHOT,  n.  
           1. The act of shooting; discharge of a missile weapon.
                   He caused twenty shot of his greatest cannon to be made at the king's army. 


Topic: Shotten
Definition:
SHOTTEN,  a. shot'n.  [from shoot.]  
           1. Having ejected the spawn; as a shotten herring.
           2. Shooting into angles.
           3. Shot out of its socket; dislocated; as a bone.


Topic: Shotting
Definition:
SHOTT'ING,  n.  
           1. The act of discharging fire-arms, or of sending an arrow with force; a firing.
           2. Sensation of a wuick glancing pain.
           3. In sportsmanship, the act or practice of killing game with guns or fire-arms.


Topic: Should
Definition:
SHOULD.  shood.  The preterit of shall, but now used as an auxiliary verb, either in the past time or conditional present. 'He should have paid the debt at the time the note became due.' Should here denotes past time. 'I should ride to town this day if the weather would permit.' Here should expresses present or future time conditionally. In the second and third persons, it denotes obligation or duty, as in the first example above.
           1. I should go. When should in this person is uttered without emphasis, it declares simply that an event would take place, on some condition or under circumstances. 
     But when expressed with emphasis, should in this person denotes obligation, duty or determination.
           2. Thou shouldst  go.


Topic: Shoulder
Definition:
SHOULDER,  n.  
           1. The joint by which the arm of a human being or the fore leg of a quadruped is connected with the body; or in man, the projection formed by the bones called scapula or shoulder blades, which extend from the basis of the neck in a horizontal direction.
           2. The upper joint of the fore leg of an animal cut for th emarket; as a shoulder of mutton.
           3. Shoulders, in the plural, the upper part of the back.
                   Adown her shoulders fell her length of hair. Dryden.
           4. Figuratively, support; sustaining power; or that which elevates and sustains.
                   For on thy shoulders do I build my seat. Shak. 
           5. Among artificers, something like the human shoulder; a horizontal or rectangular projection from the body of a thing.
 
SHOULDER,  v.t.  
           1. To push or thrust with the shoulder; to push with violence.
                   Around her numberless the rabble flow'd,


Topic: Shoulder-blade
Definition:
SHOULDER-BLADE,  n.  [shoulder and blade.]  The bone of the shoulder, or blade bone, broad and triangular, covering the hind part of the ribs; called by anatomists scapula and omoplata.


Topic: Shoulder-clapper
Definition:
SHOULDER-CLAPPER,  n.  [shoulder and clap.]  One that claps another on the shoulder, or that uses great familiarity.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Shoulder-knot
Definition:
SHOULDER-KNOT,  n.  [shoulder and knot.]  An ornamental knot of ribin or lace worn on the shoulder; an epaulet.


Topic: Shout
Definition:
SHOUT,  v.i.  To utter a sudden and loud outcry, usually in joy, triumph or exultation, or to animate soldiers in an onset.
                   It is not the voice of them that shout for mastery. Ex. 32.
                   When ye hear th esound of the trumpet, all the people shall shout with a great shout. Josh. 6.
SHOUT,  n.  A loud burst of voice or voices; a vehement and sudden outcry, particularly of a multitude of men, expressing joy, triumph, exultation or animated courage. It is sometimes intended in derision.
                   The Rhodians seeing an enemy turn their backs, gave a great shout in derision. Knolles.
SHOUT,  v.t.  To treat with shouts or clamor.


Topic: Shouting
Definition:
SHOUT'ING,  ppr.  Uttering a sudden and loud outcry in joy or exultation.
SHOUT'ING,  n.  The act of shouting; a loud outcry expressive of joy or animation.


Topic: Shove
Definition:
SHOVE,  v.t.  
           1. To push; to propel; to drive along by the direct application of strength without impulse; particularly, to push a body by sliding or causing it to move along the surface of another body, either by the hand or by an instrument; as, the shove a bottle along a table; to shove a table along the floor; to shove a boat along the water.
                   And shove away the worthy bidden guest. Milton.


Topic: Shovel
Definition:
SHOVEL,  n. shov'l.  An instrument consisting of a broad scoop or hollow blade with a handle; used por throwing earth or other loole substances.
SHOVEL,  v.t.  
           1. To take up and throw with a shovel; as, to shovel earth into a heap or into a cart, or out of a pit.
           2. To gather in great quantities.


Topic: Show
Definition:
SHOW,  v.t. pret. showed; pp. shown or showed. It is sometimes written shew, shewed, shewn.  [If the radical letter lost was a labial, show coincides with the Gr.]
           1. To exhibit or present to the view of others.
                   Go thy way, show thyself to the priest. Matt. 8.
           2. To afford to the eye or to notice; to contain in a visible form.
                   Nor want we skill o rart, from whence to raise
                   Magnificence; and what can heaven show more?  Milton.
           3. To make or enable to see.
           4. To make or enable to perceive.
           5. To make to know; to cause to understand; to make known; to teach or inform.
                   Know, I am sent
                   To show thee what shall come in future days. Milton.
           6. To prove; to manifest.
                   I'll show my duty by my timely care. Dryden.
           7. T oinform; to teach; with of.
                   The time cometh when I shall no more speak to you in proverbs, but I shall show you plainly of the Father. John 16.
           8. To point out, as a guide.
                   Thou shalt show them th eway in which they must walk. Ex. 18.
           9. To bestow; to confer; to afford; as, to show favor or mercy on any person.
           10. To prove by evidence, testimony or authentic registers or documents.
                   They could not show their father's house. Ezra 2.
           11. To disclose; to make known.
                   I durst not show mine opinion. Job. 32.
           12. To discover; to explain; as, to show a dream or interpretation.


Topic: Showy
Definition:
SHOWY,  a.  
           1. Splendid; gay; gaudy; making a great show; fine.
           2. Ostentatious.


Topic: Shred
Definition:
SHRED,  v.t. pret. and pp. shred.  To cut into small pieces, particularly marrow and long pieces, as of cloth or lether. It differs from mince, which signifies to chop into pieces fine and short.
SHRED,  n.  
           1. A long narrow piece cut off; as shreds of cloth.
           2. A fragment; a piece; as shreds of wit.


Topic: Shrew
Definition:
SHREW,  n.  
           1. A peevish, brawling, turbulent, vexatious woman. It appears to have originally been applied to males as well as females; but is now restricted to the latter.
                   The man had got a shrew for his wife, and there could be no quiet in the house with her. L'Estrange.
           2. A shrew-mouse.
SHREW,  v.t.  To beshrew; to curse.  Obs.


Topic: Shrew-mouse
Definition:
SHREW'-MOUSE,  n.  A small animal resembling a mouse, but belong to the genus Sorex; an animal that burrowl i the ground, feeding on corn, insects, &c. It is a harmless animal.


Topic: Shrewd
Definition:
SHREWD,  a.  
           1. Having the qualities of a shrew; vexatious; troublesome; mischievous. Obs.
           2. Sly; cunning; arch; subtil; artful; astute; as a shrewd man.
           3. Sagacious; of nice discernment; as a shrewd observer of men.
           4. Proceeding from cunning or sagacity, or containing it; as a shrewd saying; a shrewd conjecture.
           5. Painful; vexatious; troublesome.
                   Every of this number
                   That have endured shrewd nights and days with us. Obs. Shak.
                   No enemy is so despicable but he may do one a shrewd turn. Obs. 


Topic: Shrewdly
Definition:
SHREWD'LY,  adv.  Mischievously; destructively.
                   This practice hath most shrewdly passed upon thee. Obs. Shak.
           2. Vexatiously; used of slight mischief.
                   The obstinate and schismatical are like to think themselves shrewdly hurt by being cut from that body they chos not to be of. Obs. South.
                   Yet seem'd she not to winch, though shrewdly pained. Obs. Dryden.
           3. Archly; sagaciously; with good guess; as, I shrewdly suspect; he shrewdly observed.


Topic: Shrewdness
Definition:
SHREWD'NESS,  n.  
           1. Sly cunning; archness.
                   The neighbors round admire his shrewdness. Swift.
           2. Sagaciousness; sagacity; the quality of nice discernment.
           3. Mischievousness; vexatiouness. [Not in use.]


Topic: Shrewish
Definition:
SHREW'ISH,  a.  Having the qualities of a shrew; forward; peevish; petulantly clamorous.
                   My wife is shrewish when I keep not hours. Shak.


Topic: Shrewishly
Definition:
SHREW'ISHLY,  adv.  Peevishly; clamorously; turbulently. 
                   He speaks very shrewishly. Shak.


Topic: Shrewishness
Definition:
SHREW'ISHNESS,  n.  The qualities of a shrew; forwardness; petulance; turbulent clamorousness.
                   I have no gift in shrewishness. Shak.


Topic: Shriek
Definition:
SHRIEK,  v.i.  [L. ruga, wrinkled, rugo, to bray.]  To utter a sharp shrill cry; to scream; as in sudden fright, in horror or anguish.
                   At this she shriek'd aloud. Dryden.
                   It was the owl that shriek'd. Shak.
SHRIEK,  n.  A sharp shrill outcry or scream, such as is produced by sudden anger or extreme anguish. 


Topic: Shrievalty
Definition:
SHRIE'VALTY,  n.  [from sherif.]  Sherifalty; the office of a sherif.
                   It was ordained by 28 Ed. 1. that the people shall have election of sherif in every shire, where the shrievalty is not of inheritance. Blackstone.


Topic: Shrill
Definition:
SHRILL,  a.  [L. grillus.]
           1. Sharp; acute; piercing; as sound; as a shrill voice; shrill echoes.
           2. Uttering an acute sound; as the cock's shrill sounding throat; a shrill trumpet.
[NOTE. A shrill may be tremulous of trilling; but this circumstance is not essential it, although it seems to be of the root of trill.]
SHRILL,  v.i.  To utter an acute piercing sound.
                   Break we out pipes that shrill'd as loud as lark. Spenser.
SHRILL,  v.t.  To cause to make a shrill sound.


Topic: Shrimp
Definition:
SHRIMP,  v.t.  To contract.  [Not in use.]
SHRIMP,  n.  [supra.]  
           1. A crustaceous animal of the genus Cancer. It has long slender feelers, claws with a single, hooked fang, and three pair of legs. It is esteemed delicious food.
           2. A little wrinkled man; a dwarf; in contempt.


Topic: Shrine
Definition:
SHRINE,  n.  [L. scrinium.]  A case or box; particularly applied to a case in which sacred things are deposited. Hence we hear much of shrines for relics.
                   Come, offer at my shrine, and I will help thee. Shak.


Topic: Shrink
Definition:
SHRINK,  v.i. pret. and pp. shrunk. the old pret. shrank and pp. shrunken are nearly obsolete.
           To contract spontaneously; to draw or be drawn into less length, breadth or compass by an inherent power; as, woolen cloth shrinks in hot water; a flaxen of hempen line shrinks in a humid atmosphere. Many substances shrink by drying.
           2. To shrivel; to become wrinkled by contraction; as th eskin.
           3. To withdraw or retire, as from danger; to decline action from fear. A brave man never shrinks from danger; a good man does not shrink from duty.
           4. To recoil, as in fear, horror or distress. My mind shrinks from the recital of our woes.
                   What happier natures shrink at with affright,
                   The hard inhabitant contends is right. Pope.
           5. To express fear, horror or pain by shrugging or contracting the body.
SHRINK,  v.t.  to cause to contract; as, to shrink by immersing it in boiling water.
                   O mighty Cesar, dost thou lie so low!
                   Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils,


Topic: Shrinkage
Definition:
SHRINK'AGE,  n.  A shrinking or contraction into a less compass. Make an allowance for the shrinkage of grain in drying.


Topic: Shrinking
Definition:
SHRINK'ING,  ppr.  Contracting; drawing together; withdrawing from danger; declining to act from fear; causing to contract.


Topic: Shrive
Definition:
SHRIVE,  v.t.  To hear or receive the confession of; to administer confession; as a priest.
                   He shrives this woman. Obs. Shak.


Topic: Shrivel
Definition:
SHRIVEL,  v.i. shriv'l.  [from the root of rivel.]  To comtract; to draw or be drawn into wrinkles; to shrink and form corrugations; as, a leaf shrivels in the hot sun; the skin shrivels with age.


Topic: Shroud
Definition:
SHROUD,  n.  
           1. A shelter; a cover; that which covers, conceals or protects.
                   Swaddled, as new born, in sable shrouds. Sandys.
           2. The dress of the dead; a winding sheet.
           3. Shroud or shrouds of a ship, a range of large ropes extending from the head of a mast to the right and left sides of the ship, to support the mast; as the main shrouds; fore shrouds; mizen shrouds. There are also futtock shrouds, bowsprit shrouds, &c.
           4. A branch of a tree. [Not proper.]
SHROUD,  v.t.  
           1. To cover; to shelter from danger or annoyance.
                   Under your beams I will me safely shroud. Spenser.
                   One of these trees with all its young ones, may shroud four hundred horsemen. Raleigh.
           2. To dress for the grave; to cover; as a dead body.
                   The ancient Egyptian mummies were shrouded in several folds of linen besmeared with gums. Bacon.
           3. To cover; to conceal to hide; as, to be shrouded in darkness.
                   -Some tempest rise,
                   And blow out all the stars that light the skies,
                   To shroud my name. Dryden.
           4. To defend; to protect by hiding.
                   So Venus from prevailing Greeks did shroud 
                   The hope of Rome, and saved him in a cloud. Waller.
           5. To overwhelm; as, to be shrouded in despair.
          6. To lop the branches of a tree. [Unusual or improper.]
SHROUD,  v.i.  To take shelter or harbor.
                   If your stray attendants be yet lodg'd
                  Or shroud within these limits-  Milton.


Topic: Shrove-tuesday
Definition:
SHROVE-TUESDAY,   Tuesday.]  Confession-time; confession-Teusday; the Tuesday after Quinquagesima Sunday; or the day immediately preceding the first of Lent, or Ash Wednesday; on which day, all the people of England when of the Catholic religion, were obliged to confess their sins one by one to their parish priests; after which they dined on pancakes or fritters. The latter ppractice still continues. The bell rung on this day is called pancake-bell.


Topic: Shrub
Definition:
SHRUB,  n.  A low dwarf tree; a woody plant of a size less than a tree; or more strictly, a plant with several permanent woody stems, dividing from the bottom, more slender and lower than trees.
                   Gooseberries and currants are shrubs; oaks and cherries are trees. Locke.
SHRUB,  n.  [L. sorbeo.]  A liquor composed of acid and sugar, with spirir to preserve it; usually the acid of lemons.
SHRUB,  v.t.  To clear of shrubs.


Topic: Shrubby
Definition:
SHRUB'BY,  a.  
           1. Full of shrubs; as a shrubby plain.
           2. Resembling a shrub; as plants shrubby and curled.
           3. Consisting of shrubs or brush; as shrubby browze.
           4. A shrubby plant is perennial, with several woody stems.


Topic: Shrug
Definition:
SHRUG,  v.i.  To raise or draw up the shoulders, as in expressing horror or dissatisfaction.
                   They grin, they shrug,
                   They bow, they snarl, they scratch, they hug. Swift.
SHRUG,  n.  A drawing up of the shoulders; a motion usually expressing dislike.
                   The Spaniards talk in dialogues
                   Of heads and shoulders, nods and shrugs. Hudibras.


Topic: Shudder
Definition:
SHUD'DER,  v.i.  [This word contains the same elements as the L. quatio.]  To quake; to tremble or shake with fear, horror or aversion; to shiver.
                   I love-alas! I shudder at the name. Smith.
SHUD'DER,  n.  A tremor; a shaking with fear or horror.


Topic: Shuffle
Definition:
SHUF'FLE,  v.t.  
           1. Properly, to shove one way and the other; to push from one to another; as, to shuffle money from hand to hand.
           2. To mix by pushing or shoving; to confuse; to throw into disorder; especially, to change the relatibe positions of cards in the pack.
                   A man may shuffle cards or rattle dice from noon to midnight, without tracing a new idea in his head. Rambler.
           3. To remove or introduce by artificial confusion.
                   It was contrived by your enemies, and shuffled into the papers that were seized. Dryden.


Topic: Shuffling
Definition:
SHUF'FLING,  ppr.  
           1. Moving by little shoves one way an the other; changing the places of cards; prevaricating; evading; playing tricks.
           2. a. Evasive; as a shuffling excuse.
SHUF'FLING,  n.  
           1. The act of throwing into confusion, or of changing the relative position of things by shoving or motion.
           2. Trick; artifice; evasion.
           3. An irregular gait.


Topic: Shun
Definition:
SHUN,  v.t.  
           1. To avoid; to keep clear of; not to fall on or come in contact with; as, to shun rocks and shoals in navigation. In shunning Scylla, take care to avoid to avoid Charybdis.
           2. To avoid; not to mix or associate with; as, to shun evil company.
           3. To avoid; not to practice; as, to shun vice.
           4. To avoid; to escape; as, to shun a blow.
           5. To avoid; to decline; to neglect.
                   I haved not shunned to declare the whole counsel of God. Acts 20.


Topic: Shut
Definition:
SHUT,  v.t. pretand pp. shut.  
           1. To close so as to hinder ingress or egress; as, to shut a door or gate; to shut the eyes or the mouth.
           2. To prohibit; to bar; to forbid entrance into; as, to shut the ports of the kingdom by a blockade.
                   Shall that be shut to man, which to the beast
                   Is open?  Milton.
           3. To preclude; to exclude.
                   But shut from every shore. Dryden.
           4. To close, as the fingers; to contract; as, to shut the hand.


Topic: Shutter
Definition:
SHUT'TER,  n.  
           1. A person that shuts or closes.
           2. A door; a cover; something that closes a passage; as the shutters of a window.


Topic: Shuttle
Definition:
SHUT'TLE,  n.  [from the root of shoot; Ice. skutul.]  An instrument used by weavers for shooting the thread of the woof in weaving from one side of the cloth to the other, between the threads of the warp.


Topic: Shuttle-cock
Definition:
SHUT'TLE-COCK,  n.  [shuttle and cock or cork.]  A cork stuck with fethers, used to be struck by a battledore in play; also, the play.


Topic: Shy
Definition:
SHY,  a.  
           1. Fearful of near approach; keeping at a distance through caution or timidity; shunning approach; as a shy bird.
                   She is represented in a shy retiring posture. Addison.
           2. Reserved; not familiar; coy; avoiding freedom of intercourse.
                   What makes you so shy, my good friend?  Arbuthnot.
           3. Cautious; wary; careful to avoid committing one's self or adopting measures.
                   I am very shy of using corrosive liquors in the preparation of medicines.


Topic: Sialogogue
Definition:
SIALOGOGUE,  n.  sial'ogog.  [Gr. saliva, and leading.]  A medicing that promotes the salivary discharge.


Topic: Siberian
Definition:
SIBE'RIAN,  a.  Pertaining to Siberia, a name given to a great and indefinite extent of territory in the north of Asia; as a Siberian winter.


Topic: Sibilant
Definition:
SIB'ILANT,  a.  [L. sibilo, to hiss.]  Hissing; making a hissing sound.  S and z are called sibilant letters.
SIB'ILANT,  n.  A letter that is uttered with a hissing of the voice; as s and z.


Topic: Sibyl
Definition:
SIB'YL,  n.  [from the L.]  In pagan antiquity, the Sibyls were certain said to be endowed with a prophetic spirit. Their number is variously stated; but the opinion of Varro, who states them to have been ten, is generally adopted. They resided in various parts of Persia, Greece and Italy. It is pretended that they wrote certain prophecies on leaves in verse, which are called Sibylline verses, or Sibylline oracles.


Topic: Siccative
Definition:
SIC'CATIVE,  a.  [from L. sicco, to dry.]  Drying; causing to dry.  
SIC'CATIVE,  n.  That which promotes the process of drying.


Topic: Siccity
Definition:
SIC'CITY,  n.  [L.  siccitas.]  Dryness; aridity; destitution of moisture; as the siccity of flesh or af the air.


Topic: Sick
Definition:
SICK,  a.  [Qu.Gr. squeamish, lothing.]  
           1. Affected with nausea; inclined to vomit; as, sick at the stomach. [This is probably the primary sense of the word.]  Hence,
           2. Disgusted; having a strong dislike to; with of; as, to be sick of flattery; to be sick of a country life.
                   He was not so sick of his master as of his work. L'Estrange.
           3. Affected with a disease of any kind; not in health; followed by of; as to be sick of  a fever.
           4. Corrupted. [Not in use nor proper.]
           5. The sick, the person or persons affected with the disease. The sick are healed.
SICK,  v.t.  To make sick.  [Not in use. See Sicken.]


Topic: Sicken
Definition:
SICKEN,  v.t. sik'n.  
           1. To make sick; to disease.
                   Raise this to strength, and sicken that to death. Prior.
           2. To make squeamish. It sickens the stomach.
           3. To disgust. It sickens one to hear the fawning sycophant.
           4. to impair. [Not in use.]


Topic: Sickish
Definition:
SICK'ISH, a.  [from sick]
1.  Somewhat sick or diseased.
2.  Exciting disgust; nauseating; as a sickish taste.


Topic: Sickle
Definition:
SICKLE, n.  [Gr.  Vaiclh, Vagclon; L.  sicula, from the root of seco, to cut.]  A reaping hook; a hooked instrument with teeth; used for cutting grain.  Thou shalt not move a sickle to thy neighbor's standing corn.  Deut.  23.


Topic: Sickliness
Definition:
SICK'LINESS, n.  [from sickly.]
1.  The state of being sickly; the state of being habitually diseased;
2.  The state of producing sickness extensively; as the sickliness of a climate.


Topic: Sickly
Definition:
SICK'LY, a.  
1.  Not healthy; somewhat affected with disease; or habitually indisposed; as a sickly person, or a sickly constitution; a sickly plant.
2.  Producing disease extensively; marked with sickness; as a sickly time; a sickly autumn.
3.  Tending to produce disease; as a sickly climate.
4.  Faint; weak; languid.  The moon grows sickly at the sight of day.
SICK'LY, v.  t.  To make diseased.


Topic: Sickness
Definition:
SICK'NESS, n.  
1.  Nausea; squeamishness; as sickness of the stomach.
2.  State of being diseased.  I do lament the sickness of the king.
3.  Disease; malady; a morbid state of the body of an animal or plant, in which the organs do not perfectly perform their natural functions.  Trust not too much your now resistless charms; Those age or sickness soon or late disarms.  Himself took our infirmities, and bore our sicknesses.  Matt 8.


Topic: Side
Definition:
SIDE, n.  [L.  latus.]
1.  The broad and long part of surface of a thing, as distinguished from the end, which is of less extent and many be a point; as the side of a plank; the side of a chest; the side of a house or of a ship.  One side of a lens may be concave, the other convex.  Side is distinguished from edge; as the side of a knife or sword.
2.  Margin; edge; verge; border; the exterior line of any thing, considered in length; as the side of a tract of land or a field, as distinct from the end.  Hence we say, the side of a river; the side of a road; the east and west side of the American continent.
3.  The part of an animal between the back and the face and belly; the part of which the ribs are situated; as the right side; the left side.  This is quadrupeds is usually the broadest part.
4.  The part between the top and bottom; the slope, declivity or ascent, as of a hill or mountain; as the side of mount Etna.  
5.  One part of a thing, or its superficies; as the side of a ball or sphere.
6.  Any part considered in respect to its direction or point of compass; as to whichever side we direct our view.  We see difficulties on every side.
7.  Party; faction; sect; any man or body of men considered as in opposition to another.  One man enlists on the side of the tories; another on the side of the whigs.  Some persons change sides for the sake of popularity and office, and sink themselves in public estimation.  And sets the passions on the side of truth.
8.  Interest; favor.  The Lord is on my side.  Ps.  118
9.  Any part being in opposition or contradistinction to another; In the battle, the slaughter was great on both sides.  Passion invites on one side; reason restrains on the other.  Open justice bends on neither side.
10.  Branch or a family; separate line of descent; as,by the father's side he is descended from a noble family; by the mother's side his birth is respectable.
11.  Quarter; region; part; as from one side of heaven to the other.  To take sides, to embrace the opinions of attach one's self to the interest of a party when in opposition to another.  To choose side, to select parties for competition in exercises of any kind.
SIDE, a.  
1.  Lateral; as a side post; but perhaps it would be better to consider the word as compound.
2.  Being on the side, or toward the side; oblique; indirect.  The law hath no side respect to their persons.  One mighty squadron with a side wind sped.  So we say, a side view, a side blow.
3.  Long; large; extensive.
SIDE, v.  i.  [Little used.]
1.  To lean on one side.
2.  To embrace the opinions of one party or engage in its interest, when opposed to another party; as, to side with the ministerial party.  All side in parties and begin th' attack.
SIDE, v.  t.
1.  To stand at the side of.  [Not in use.]
2.  To suit; to pair.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Sideboard
Definition:
SI'DEBOARD, n.  A piece of furniture or cabinet work consisting of a table or box with drawers or cells, placed at the side of a room or in a recess, and used to hold dining utensils, & c.


Topic: Sideling
Definition:
SI'DELING, adv.
1.  Sidewise; with the side foremost; as, to go sideling through a crowd.  It may be used as a participle; as, I saw him sideling through the crowd.
2.  Sloping.


Topic: Sideral
Definition:
SID'ERAL, SIDE'REAL, a.  [L.  sideralis, from sidus, a star.]
1.  Pertaining to a star or stars; astral; as sideral light.
2.  Containing stars; starry; as sidereal regions.  Sidereal year, in astronomy, the period in which the fixed stars apparently complete a revolution and come to the same point in the heavens.


Topic: Sideration
Definition:
SIDERA'TION, n.  [L.  sideratio; sidero, to blast, from sidus, a star.]
1.  A blasting or blast in plants; a sudden deprivation of sense; an apoplexy; a slight erysipelas.
2.  A sphacelus, or a species of erysipelas, vulgarly called a blast.


Topic: Siderite
Definition:
SID'ERITE, n.  [L.  sideritis; Gr.  id.  from sidhroV,iron.]
1.  The loadstone; also, iron-wort, a genus of plants; also, the common ground pine
2.  In mineralogy, a phosphate of iron.


Topic: Sidero-clepte
Definition:
SIDERO-CLEP'TE, n.  A mineral of a yellowish green color, soft and translucid, occurring in reniform or botryoidal masses.


Topic: Siderographch
Definition:
SIDEROGRAPH'CH, SIDEROGRAPH'OCAL, a.  [See Siderography.]  Pertaining to siderography, or performed by engraved plates of steel; as siderographic art; siderographic impressions.


Topic: Siderography
Definition:
SIDEROG'RAPHY, n.  [Gr.  sidhroV, steel or iron, grajw, to engrave.]  and The art or practice of engraving on steel, by means of which, impressions may be transferred from a steel plate to a steel cylinder in a rolling press of a particular construction.


Topic: Sideways
Definition:
SI'DEWAYS, SI'DEWISE, adv.  
1.  Towards one side; inclining; as, to hold the head sidewise
2.  Laterally; on one side; as the refraction of light sidewise.


Topic: Sidle
Definition:
SI'DLE, v.  i.  
1.  To go or move side foremost; as, to sidle through a crowd.
2.  To lie on the side.


Topic: Siege
Definition:
SIEGE, n.  [L.  sigillum.]
1.  The setting of an army around or before a fortified place for the purpose of compelling the garrison to surrender; or the surrounding or investing of a place by an army, and approaching it by passages and advanced works, which cover the besiegers from the enemy's fire.  A siege differs from a blockade, as in a siege the investing army approaches the fortified place to attach and reduce it by force; but in a blockade, the army secures all the avenues to the place to intercept all supplies, and waits till famine compels the garrison to surrender.
2.  Any continued endeavor to gain possession.  Love stood the siege, and would not yield his breast.
3.  Seat; throne.
4.  Rank; place; class.
5.  Stool.  [Not in use.]
SIEGE, v.  t.  To besiege.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Sienite
Definition:
SI'ENITE, n.  A compound granular rock composed of quartz, hornblend and feldspar, or a grayish color; so called, because there are may ancient monuments consisting of this rock, brought from Syene, in Upper Egypt.


Topic: Sieve
Definition:
SIEVE, n.  siv.  An utensil for separating flour from bran, or the fine part of any pulverized or fine substance from the coarse, by the hand; as a fine sieve; a coarse sieve.  It consists of a hoop with a hair bottom, and performs in the family the service of a bolter in a mill.


Topic: Sift
Definition:
SIFT, v.t.
1.  To separate by a sieve, as the fine part of a substance from the coarse; as, to sift meal; to sift powder; to sift sand or lime.
2.  To separate; to part.
3.  To examine minutely or critically; to scrutinize.  Let the principles of the party be thoroughly sifted.  We have sifted your objections.


Topic: Sig
Definition:
SIG, a Saxon word signifying victory.  is used in names, as in Sigbert, bright victory.  In answers to the Greek vix in Nicander, and the L.  vic, in Victorinus.


Topic: Sigh
Definition:
SIGH, v.i.  To inhale a larger quantity of air than usual and immediately expel it; to suffer a single deep respiration.  He sighed deeply in his spirit.  Mark 8.
SIGH, v.t.  
1.  To lament; to mourn.  Ages to come and men unborn Shall bless her name and sigh her fate.
2.  To express by sighs.  The gentle swain-sighs back her grief.
SIGH, n.  A single deep respiration; a long breath; the inhaling of larger quantity of air than usual, and the sudden emission of it.  This is an effort of nature to dilate the lungs and give vigor to the circulation of the blood, when the action of the heart and arteries is languid from grief, depression of spirits, weakness or want of exercise.  Hence sighs are indications of grief of debility.


Topic: Sighing
Definition:
SIGHING, ppr.  Suffering a deep respiration; taking a long breath.
SIGHING, n.  The act of suffering a deep respiration, or taking a long breath.


Topic: Sight
Definition:
SIGHT, n.  
1.  The act of seeing; perception of objects by the eye; view; as, to gain sight of land; to have a sight of a landscape; to lose sight of a ship at sea.  A cloud received him out of their sight.  Acts 1.
2.  The faculty of vision, or of perceiving objects by the instrumentality of the eyes.  It has been doubted whether moles have sight.  Milton lost his sight.  The sight usually fails at of before fifty years of age.  O loss of sight, of thee I most complain.
3.  Open view; the state of admitting unobstructed vision; a being within the limits of vision.  The harbor is in sight of the town.  The shore of Long Island is in sight of New Haven.  The White mountain is in plain sight at Portland, in Maine; a mountain is or is not within sight; an engagement at sea is within sight of land.
4.  Notice from seeing; knowledge; as a letter intended for the sight of one person only.
5.  Eye; the instrument of seeing.  From the depth of hell they lift their sight.
6.  An aperture through which objects are to be seen; or something to direct the vision; as the sight of a quadrant; the sight of a fowling piece or a rifle.
7.  That which is beheld; a spectacle; a show; particularly, something wonderful.  They never saw a sight so fair.  Moses said, I will now turn aside and see the great sight, why the bush is not burned.  Ex.  3.  Fearful sights and great signs shall there be from heaven.  To take sight, to take aim; to look for purpose of directing a piece of artillery, &c.


Topic: Sighted
Definition:
SIGHTED, n.  In composition only, having sight, or seeing in a particular manner; as long-sighted, seeing at a great distance; short-sighted, able to see only at a small distance; quick-sighted, readily seeing, discerning or understanding; sharp-sighted, having a keen eye or acute discernment.


Topic: Sightless
Definition:
SIGHTLESS, a.  
1.  Wanting sight; blind.  Of all who blindly creep, or sightless soar.
2.  Offensive or unpleasing to the eye; as sightless stains.  [Not well authorized.]


Topic: Sightly
Definition:
SIGHTLY, a.  
1.  Pleasing to the eye; striking to the view.
Many brave sightly horses.  We have thirty members, the most sightly of all her majesty's subjects.
2.  Open  to the view; that may be seen from a distance.  We say; a house stands in a sightly place.


Topic: Sigmoidal
Definition:
SIGMOID'AL, a.  [Gr.  digma and eidoV.]Curved like the Greek sigma.  The sigmoid flexure, in anatomy, is the last curve of the colon, before it terminates in the rectum.


Topic: Sign
Definition:
SIGN, n.  [L.  signum; Gr.  deicnumt.]
1.  A token; something by which another thing is shown or represented; any visible thing, any motion, appearance or event which indicates the existence or approach of something else.  Thus we speak of signs of fair weather or of a storm, and of external marks which are signs of a good constitution.
2.  A motion, action, nod or gesture indicating a wish or command.  They made signs to his father, how he would have him called.  Luke 1.
3.  A wonder; a miracle; a prodigy; a remarkable transaction, event or phenomenon.  Through mighty signs and wonders.  Rom 15.  Luke 11.
4.  Some visible transaction, event or appearance intended as proof or evidence of something else; hence; proof; evidence by sight.  Show me a sign that thou talkest with me.  Judges 6.
5.  Something hung or set near a house or over a door, to give notice of the tenant's occupation, or what is made or sold within; as a trader's sign; a tailor;s sign; the sign of the eagle.
6.  A memorial or monument; something to preserve the memory of a thing.  What time the fire devoured two hundred and fifty men, and they became a sign.  Num.  16.
7.  Visible mark or representation; as an outward sign of and inward and spiritual grace.
8.  A mark of distinction.
9.  Typical representation.  The holy symbols or signs are not barely significative.
10.  In astronomy, the twelfth part of the ecliptic.  The signs are reckoned from the point of intersection of the ecliptic and equator at the vernal equinox, and are named respectively, Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorns, Aquarius, Pisces.  These names are borrowed from the constellations of the zodiac of the same denomination, which were respectively comprehended within the foregoing equal divisions of the ecliptic of the same name, but are considerably in advance of them.  Thus the constellation Aries, is now in that part of the ecliptic called Taurus.
11.  In algebra, a character indicating the relation of quantities, or an operation performed by them; as the sign + plus prefixed to a quantity, indicates that the quantity is to be added; the sign - minus, denotes that the quantity to which it is prefixed is to subtracted.  The former is prefixed to quantities called affirmative or positive; the latter to quantities called negative.
12.  The subscription of one's name; signature; as a sign manual.
13.  Among physicians, an appearance or symptom in the human body, which indicate its condition as to health or disease.
14.  In music, any character, as a flat, sharp, dot, &c.
SIGN, v.  t.  sine.
1.  To mark with characters or one's name.  To sign a paper, note, deed, &c.  is to write one's name at the foot, or underneath the declaration, promise, covenant, grant, &c., by which the person makes it his own act, To sign one's name, is to write or subscribe it on the paper Signing does not now include sealing
2.  To signify; to represent typically.  [Not in use.]
3.  To mark.
SIGN, v.  i.  To be a sign or omen.


Topic: Sign-post
Definition:
SIGN-POST, n.  A post on which a sign hangs, or on which papers are placed to give public notice of any thing.  By the laws of some of the New England states, a sign-post is to be erected near the center of each town.


Topic: Signal
Definition:
SIG'NAL, n.  [L.  signum.]  A sign that gives or is intended to give notice; or the notice given.  Signals are used to communicate notice, information, orders and the like, to persons at a distance, and by any persons and for the purpose.  A signal may be a motion of the hand, the raising of a flag, the firing of a gun, or any thing which, being understood by persons at a distance, may communicate notice.
Signals are particularly useful in the navigation of fleets and in naval engagements.  There are day-signals, which are usually made by the sails, by flags and pendants, or guns; night-signals, which are lanterns disposed in certain figures, or false fires, rockets, or the firing of guns; fog-signals, which are made by sounds, as firing of guns, beating of drums, ringing of bells, &c.  There are signals of evolution, addressed to a whole fleet, to a division or to a squadron; signals of movements to particular ships; and signals of service, general or particular.  Signals used in an army are mostly made by a particular beat of the drum, or by the bugle.
SIG'NAL, a.  Eminent; remarkable; memorable; distinguished from what is ordinary; as a signal exploit; a signal service; a signal ace of benevolence.  It is generally but not always used in a good sense.


Topic: Signalize
Definition:
SIG'NALIZE, v.  t.  To make remarkable or eminent; to render distinguished from what is common.  The soldier who signalizes himself in battle, merits his country's gratitude.  Men may signalize themselves, their valor or their talents.


Topic: Signature
Definition:
SIG'NATURE, n.  [L.  signo, to sign.]
1.  A sign, stamp or mark impressed.  The brain being well furnished with various traces, signatures and images.  The natural and indelible signature of God stamped on the human soul.
2.  In old medical writers, and external mark or character on a plant, which was supposed to indicate its suitableness to cure particular diseases, or diseases of particular parts.  This plants with yellow flowers were supposed to be adapted to the cure of the jaundice, &c.  Some plants bear a very evident signature of their nature and use.
3.  A mark for proof, or proof from marks.
4.  Sign manual; the name of a person written or subscribed by himself.
5.  Among printers, a letter or figure at the bottom of the first page of a sheet or half sheet, by which the sheets are distinguished and their order designated, as a direction to the binder.  Every successive sheet has a different letter or figure, and if the sheets are more numerous than the letters of the alphabet, the a small letter is added to the capital one; thus Aa, Bb, In large volumes, the signatures are sometimes composed of letters and figures; thus 5A, 5B.  But some printer now use figures only for signatures.
6.  In physiognomy, an external mark or feature by which some persons pretend to discover the nature and qualities of a thing, particularly the temper and genius of persons.
SIG'NATURE, v.t.  To mark; to distinguish.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Signaturist
Definition:
SIG'NATURIST, n.  One who holds to the doctrine of signatures impressed upon objects, indicative of character or qualities.  [Little used.]


Topic: Signet
Definition:
SIG'NET, n.  A seal; particularly in Great Britain, the seal used by the king in sealing his private letters, and grants that pass by bill under his majesty's hand.


Topic: Significance
Definition:
SIGNIF'ICANCE, SIGNIF'ICANCY, n.  [L.  significans.  See Signify.]
1.  Meaning; import; that which is intended to be expressed; as the significance of a nod, or of a motion of the hand, or of a word or expression.
2.  Force; energy; power of impressing the mind; as a duty enjoined with particular significance.
3.  Importance; moment; weight; consequence.  Many a circumstance of less significancy has been construed into an event act of high treason.


Topic: Significant
Definition:
SIGNIF'ICANT, a.  [L.  signigicans.]
1.  Expressive of something beyond the external mark.
2.  Bearing a meaning; expressing or containing signification of sense; as a significant word or sound; a significant look.
3.  Betokening something; standing as a sign of something.  It was well said of Plotinus, that the stars were significant, but not efficient.
4.  Expressive or representative of some fact or event, The passover among the Jews was significant of the escape of the Israelites from the destruction which fell on the Egyptians.  The bread and wine in the sacrament are significant of the body and blood of Christ.
5.  Important; momentous.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Signification
Definition:
SIGNIFICA'TION, n.  [L.  significatio.  See Signify.]
1.  The act of making known, or of communicating ideas to another by signs or by words, by any thing that is understood, particularly by words.  All speaking, or signification of one's mind, implies an act or address of one man to another.
2.  Meaning; that which is understood to be intended by a sign, character, mark or word; that idea or sense of a sign, mar, word or expression which the person using it intends to convey, or that which men in general who use it, understand it to convey.  The signification of words was originally arbitrary, and is dependent on usage.  But when custom has annexed a certain sense to a letter or sound, or to a combination of letters or sounds, this sense is always to be considered the signification which the person using the word intends to communicate.  So by custom, certain signs or gestures have a determinate signification.  Such is the fact also with figures, algebraic character, &c.


Topic: Significative
Definition:
SIGNIF'ICATIVE, a.  
1.  Betokening or representing by an external sign; as the significative symbols of the eucharist.
2.  Having signification or meaning; expressive of a certain idea or thing.  Neither in the degrees of kindred were they destitute of significative words.


Topic: Signify
Definition:
SIG'NIFY, v.  t.  [L.  significo; signum, a sign, and facio, to make.]
1.  To make known something, either by signs or words; to express or communicate to another any idea, thought, wish, a hod, wink, gesture, signal or other sign.  A man signifies his mind by his voice or by written characters; he may signify his mind by a nod or other motion, provided the person to whom he directs it, understands what is intend by it.  A general or an admiral signifies his commands by signals to officers as a distance.
2.  To mean; to have or contain a certain sense.  The word sabbath signifies rest.  Less, in composition, as in faithless, signifies destitution or want.  The prefix re, in recommend, seldom signifies any thing.
3.  To import; to weigh; to have consequence; used in particular phrases; as, it signifies much or little;  it signifies nothing.  What does it signify? What signify the splendors of a court? Confession of sin without reformation of life, can signify nothing in the view of God.
4.  To make known; to declare.  The government should signify to the protestants of Ireland that want of silver is not to be remedied.


Topic: Signory
Definition:
SIGNORY, n.  A different, but less common spelling of seigniory, which see.  It signifies lordship, dominion, and in Shakespeare, seniority.


Topic: Silcia
Definition:
SI'LEX, SIL'CIA, n.  One of the supposed primitive earths m usually found in the state of stone.  When pure, it is perfectly white or colorless.  The purer sorts are mountain crystal and quartz.  Recent experiments prove this to be a compound substance, the base of which is a metal called silicium.  Silica then is an oxyd of silicium.


Topic: Silence
Definition:
SI'LENCE, n.  [L.  silentium, from sileo, to be still.]
1.  In a general sense, stillness, or entire absence of sound or noise; as the silence of midnight.
2.  In animals, the state of holding the peace; forbearance of speech in man, or of noise in other animals.  I was dumb with silence; I held my peace, even from good.  Ps 39.
3.  Habitual taciturnity; opposed to loquacity.
4.  Secrecy.  These things were transacted in silence.
5.  Stillness; calmness; quiet; cessation of rage, agitation or tumult; as the elements reduced to silence.
6.  Absence of mention; oblivion, Eternal silence be their doom.  And what most merits fame, in silence hid.
7.  Silence, in used elliptically for let there be silence, an injunction to keep silence.
SI'LENCE, v.  t.  
1.  To oblige to hold the peace; to restrain from noise or speaking.
2.  To still; to quiet; to restrain; to appease.  This would silence all further opposition.  These would have silenced their scruples.
3.  To stop; as, to silence complaints or clamor.
4.  To still; to cause to cease firing; as, to silence guns or a battery.
5.  To restrain from preaching by revoking a license to preach; as, to silence a minister of the gospel.  The Rev.  Thomas Hooker, of Chelmsford in Essex, was silenced for non-conformity.
6.  To put an end to; to cause to cease.  The question between agriculture and commerce has received a decision which has silenced the rivalships between them.


Topic: Silent
Definition:
SI'LENT, a.  
1.  Not speaking; mute.  Ps.  22.
2.  Habitually taciturn; speaking little; not inclined to much talking; not loquacious.  Ulysses, he adds was the most eloquent and most silent of men.
3.  Still; having not noise; as the silent watches of the night; the silent groves; all was silent.
4.  Not operative; wanting efficacy.
5.  Not mentioning; not proclaiming.  This new created world, of which in hell Fame is not silent.
6.  Calm; as, the winds were silent.
7.  Not acting; not transacting business in person; as a silent partner in a commercial house.
8.  Hot pronounced; having no sound; as, e is silent in fable.


Topic: Silentiary
Definition:
SILEN'TIARY, n.  One appointed to keep silence and order in court; one sworn not to divulge secrets of state.


Topic: Silently
Definition:
SI'LENTLY, adv.
1.  Without speech or words.  Each silently demands thy grace, and seems to watch thy eye.
2.  without noise; as, to march silently.
3.  Without mention.  He mentioned other difficulties, but this he silently passed over.


Topic: Silicicalce
Definition:
SILICICAL'CE, n.  [L.  silex or silica and calx.]  A mineral of the silicious kind, occurring in amorphous masses; its color is gray or brown.


Topic: Siliciferous
Definition:
SILICIF'EROUS, a.  [L.  silex and fero, to produce.]  Producing silex; or united with a portion of silex.


Topic: Silicify
Definition:
SIL'ICIFY, v.  t.  [L.  silex, flint, and facio, to make.]  To convert into silex.  The specimens found near Philadelphia are completely silicified.
SIL'ICIFY, v.  i.  To become silex.


Topic: Silicle
Definition:
SIL'ICE,SIL'ICULE, SIL'ICLE, n.  [L.  silicula, a little husk.]  In botany, a little pod or bivalvular pericarp, with seeds attached to both sutures.


Topic: Silique
Definition:
SIL'IQUA, SILIQUE, n.  [L.  siliqua.]  A pod; an oblong, membranaceous, bivalvular pericarp, having the seeds fixed to both sutures.


Topic: Siliquose
Definition:
SIL'IQUOSE, SIL'IQUOUS, n.  [L.  siliquosus.]  Having that species of pericarp called silique; as siliquous plants.


Topic: Silisia
Definition:
SILISIA, n.  sile'zha.  A duchy or country now chiefly belonging to Prussia; hence, a species of linen cloth so called; thin coarse linen.


Topic: Silk
Definition:
SILK, n.  
1.  The fine soft thread produced by the insect called silk-worm or bombyx.  That which we ordinarily call silk, is a thread composed of several finer threads which the worm draws from its bowels, like the web of a spider, and with which the silk-worm envelopes itself, forming  what is called a cocoon.
2.  Cloth made of silk.  In this sense, the word has a plural, silks, denoting different sort and varieties, as black silk, white silk, colored silks.
3.  The filiform style of the female flower of maiz, which resembles real silk in fineness and softness.  Virginia silk, a plant of the genus Periploca, which climbs and winds about other plants, trees, &c.
SILK, a.  Pertaining to silk; consisting of silk.


Topic: Silken
Definition:
SILKEN, a.  silk'n.
1.  Made of silk; as silken cloth; a silken vail.
2.  Like silk; soft to the touch.
3.  Soft; delicate; tender; smooth; as mild and silken language.
4.  Dressed in silk; as a silken wanton.
SILKEN, v.  t.  silk'n.  To render soft or smooth.


Topic: Silkiness
Definition:
SILK'INESS, n.  
1.  The qualities of silk; softness and smoothness to the feel.
2.  Softness; effeminacy; pusillanimity.


Topic: Silkworm
Definition:
SILK'WORM, n.  The worm which produces silk, of the genus Phalaena.  Silk-worms are said to have been first introduced into the Roman empire from China, in the reign of Justinian.


Topic: Silky
Definition:
SILK'Y, a.  
1.  Made of silk; consisting of silk.
2.  Like silk; soft and smooth to the touch.
3.  Pliant; yielding;


Topic: Sill
Definition:
SILL, n.  [L.  solum; allied to solid.  The primary sense is probably to lay, set or throw down.]
1.  Properly, the basis of foundationof a thing; appropriately, a piece of timber on which a building rests; the lowest timber of any stucture; as the sills of a house, of a bridge, of a loom and the like.
2.  The timber or stone at the foot of a door; the threshhold.
3.  The timber or stone on which a window frame stands; or the lowest piece in a window frame.
4.  The shaft or thill of a carriage.  [Local.]


Topic: Sillimanite
Definition:
SIL'LIMANITE, n.  A mineral found at Saybrook in Connecticut, so named in honor of Prof, Silliman of Yale College.  It occurs in long, slender, rhombic prisms, engaged in gneiss.  Its color is dark gray and hair brown; luster shining upon the external planes, but brilliant and pseudometallic upon those produced by cleavage in a direction parallel with the longer diagonal of the prism.  Hardness about the same with quartz.  Specific gravity, 3.410.


Topic: Silliness
Definition:
SIL'LINESS, n.  Weakness of understanding; want of sound sense or judgment ; simplicity; harmless folly.


Topic: Silly
Definition:
SIL'LY, a.  [Heb.  This may be radically the same word, with a prefix.  Class Sl.  No.  26]
1.  Weak in intellect; foolish; witless; destitute of ordinary strength of mind; simple; as a silly man; a silly child.
2.  Proceeding from want of understanding or common judgment; characterized by weakness of folly; unwise; as silly thoughts; silly actions; a silly scheme; writings stupid or silly.
3.  Weak; helpless.  After long storms- With which my silly bark was toss'd


Topic: Silvan
Definition:
SIL'VAN, a. [L.  silva, a wood or grove, It is also written sylvan]
1.  Pertaining to a wood or grove; inhabiting woods.
2.  Woody; abounding with woods.  Betwixt two rows of rocks, a silvan scene.
SIL'VAN, n.  Another name of tellurium.


Topic: Silver
Definition:
SIL'VER, n.  
1.  A metal of a white color and lively brilliancy.  It has neither taste nor smell; its specific gravity is 10.552, according to Bergman, but according to Kirwan it is less.  A cubic foot weighs about 660 lbs.  Its ductility is little inferior to that of gold.  It is harder and more elastic that tin of iron.  It is found native in thin plates or leaves, or in fine threads, or it is found mieralized by various substances.  Great quanitities of the metal are furnished by the mines of South America, and it is found in small quantities in Norway, Germany, Spain, the United State, &c.
2.  Money; coin made of silver.
3.  Any thing of soft splendor.  Pallas-piteous of her plaintive cries, In slumber clos'd her silver-streaming eyes.
SIL'VER, a.
1.  Made of silver; as a silver cup.
2.  White like silver; as silver hair.  Others on silver lakes and rivers bath'd Their downy breast.
3.  White, or pale; of a pale luster; as the silver moon.
 4.  SOft; as a silver voice or sound.


Topic: Silver-fish
Definition:
SIL'VER-FISH, n.  A fish of the size of a small carp, having a white color, striped with silvery lines.


Topic: Silvered
Definition:
SIL'VERED, pp.  Covered with a thin coat of silver; rendered smooth and lustrous; made white or a hoary.


Topic: Silvering
Definition:
SIL'VERING, ppr.  Covering the surface with a thin coat of silver; foliating; rendering mildly lustrous; rendering white.
SIL'VERING, n.  The art, operation or practice of covering the surface of any thing with silver; as the silvering of copper or brass.


Topic: Silversmith
Definition:
SIL'VERSMITH, n.  One whose occupation is to work'in silver, or in manufactures of which the precious metals form a part.


Topic: Silvery
Definition:
SIL'VERY, a.  
1.  Like silver; having the appearance of silver; white; of a mild luster.  Of all the enameled race whose silvery wing Waves to the tepid zephyrs of the spring.
2.  Besprinkled or covered with silver.


Topic: Similar
Definition:
SIM'ILAR, a.  [L.  similis; Gr.  omaloV.]  Like; resembling; having a like form or appearance.  Similar may signify exactly alike, or having a general likeness, a likeness in the principal points.  Things perfectly similar, in their nature, must be of the same essence, or homogeneous; but we generally understand similar to denote a likeness that is not perfect.  Many of the statutes of Connecticut are similar to the statutes of Massachusetts on the same subjects.  The manners of the several states of New England are similar, the people being derived from common ancestors.


Topic: Similarity
Definition:
SIMILAR'ITY, n.  Likeness; resemblance; as a similarity of features.  There is a as a similarity in the features of the Laplanders and Samoiedes, but little similarity between the features of Europeans and the woolly haired Africans.


Topic: Simile
Definition:
SIMILE, n.  sim'ily.  [L.]  In rhetoric, similitude; a comparison of two thing which, however different in other respects, have some strong point or points of resemblance; by which comparison,  the character or qualities of a thing are illustrated or presented in an impressive light.  Thus, the eloquence of Demosthenes was like a rapid torrent; that of Cicero, like a large stream that glides smoothly along with majestic tranquility.


Topic: Similitude
Definition:
SIMIL'ITUDE,  n.  [L.  similitudo.]
1.  Likeness; resemblance; likeness in nature, qualities of appearance; as similitude of substance.  Let us make man in our image, man in our similitude.  Fate some future bard shall join in sad similitude of griefs to mine.
2.  Comparison; simile.  Tasso, in his similitude, never departed from the woods.  [See Simile.]


Topic: Similor
Definition:
SIM'ILOR, n.  A name given to an alloy of red copper and zinc, made in the best proportions to imitate silver and gold.


Topic: Simmer
Definition:
SIM'MER, v.  i.  [ Gr.  zumhm, zumow, to ferment.]  To boil gently, or with a gentle hissing.  Simmering is incipient ebullition, when little bubbles are formed on the edge of the liquor, next to the vessel.  These are occasioned by the escape of heat and vapor.


Topic: Simoniacal
Definition:
SIMONI'ACAL, a.  
1.  Guilty of simony.
2.  Consisting in simony, or the crime of buying or selling ecclesiastical preferment; as a simoniacal presentation.


Topic: Simony
Definition:
SIM'ONY, n.  [from Simon Magus, who wished to purchase the power of conferring the Holy Spirit.  Act 8.]  The crime of buying or selling ecclesiastical preferment; or the corrupt presentation of any one to an ecclesiastical benefice of money or reward.  By Stat.  31 Elizabeth, c.  6.  severe penalties are enacted against this crime.


Topic: Simous
Definition:
SI'MOUS, a.  [L.  simo, one with a flat nose, Gr.  simoV.]
1.  Having a very flat or snub nose, with the end turned up.
2.  Concave; as the simous part of the liver.


Topic: Simple
Definition:
SIM'PLE, a.  [L.  simplex; sine, without and plex, plica, doubling, fold;]
1.  Single; consisting of one thing; uncompounded; unmingled; uncombined with any thing else; as a simple substance; a simple idea; a simple sound.
2.  Plain; artless; not given to design, stratagem or duplicity; undesigning; sincere; harmless.  A simple husbandman in garments gray.
3.  Artless; unaffected; unconstrained; inartificial; plain.  In simple manners all the secret lies.
4.  Unadorned; plain; as a simple style or narration; a simple dress.
5.  Not complex or complicated; as a machine of simple construction.
6.  Weak in intellect; not wise or sagacious; silly.  The simple believeth every word; but the prudent looketh well to his going.  Prov.  14.
7.  In botany, undivided, as a root, stem or spike; only one on a petiole, as a simple leaf; only one on a peduncle, as a simple flower; having only one set of rays, as an umbel; having only one row of leaflets, as a simple calyx; not plumose or fathered, as a pappus.  A simple body, in chemisty, is one that has not been decomposed, or separated into two or more bodies.
SIM'PLE, n.  Something not mixed or compounded.  in the materia medica, the genral denomination of an herb or plant.  as each vegetable is supposed to possess its particular virtue, and therefore to constitute a simple remedy.
SIM'PLE, v.  i.  To gather simples or plants.  As simpling on the flowery hills he stray'd.


Topic: Simpleness
Definition:
SIM'PLENESS, n.  
1.  The state or quality of being simple, single or uncompounded; as the simpleness of the elements.
2.  Artlessness; simplicity;
3.  Weakness of intellect.


Topic: Simplicity
Definition:
SIMPLIC'ITY, n.  [L.  simplicitas.]
1.  Singleness; the state of being unmixed or uncompounded; as the simplicity of metals or of earths.
2.  The state of being not complex, or of consisting of few parts; as the simplicity of a machine.
3.  Artlessness of mind; freedom from a propensity to cunning or stratagem; freedom from duplicity; sincerity.  Marquis Dorset, a man for his harmless simplicity neither misliked nor much regarded.
4.  Plainness; freedom from artificial ornament; as the simplicity  of a dress, of style, of language, &c.  Simplicity in writing is the first or excellences.
5.  Plainness; freedom from subtilty or abstruseness; as the simplicity of scriptural doctrines or truth.
6.  Weakness of intellect; silliness.  Godly simplicity, in Scriptures, is a fair open profession and practice of evangelical truth, with a single view to obedience and to the glory of God.


Topic: Simplification
Definition:
SIMPLIFICA'TION, n.  [See Simplify.]  The act of making simple; the act of reducing to simplicity, or to a state not complex.


Topic: Simplify
Definition:
SIM'PLIFY, v.  t.  [L.  simplex, simple, and facio, to make.]  To make simple; to reduce what is complex to greater simplicity; to make plain or easy.  The collection of duties is drawn to a point, and so far simplified.  It is important in scientific pursuits, to be cautious in simplifying our deductions.  This is the true way to simplify the study of science.


Topic: Simply
Definition:
SIM'PLY, adv.  
1.  Without art; without subtilty; artlessly; plainly.  Subverting worldly strong and worldly wise By simply meek.
2.  Of itself; without addition; alone.  They make that good or evil, which otherwise of itself were not simply the one nor the other.
3.  Merely; solely.  Simply the thing I am Shall make me live.
4.  Weakly; foolishly.


Topic: Simulate
Definition:
SIM'ULATE, v.  t.  [L.  simulo, from similis, like.]  To feign; to counterfeits; to assume the mere appearance of something, without the reality.  The wicked often simulate the virtuous and good.


Topic: Simulation
Definition:
SIMULA'TION, n.  [L.  simulation.]  The act of feigning to be that which is not; the assumption of a deceitful appearance or character.  Simulation differs from dissimulation.  The former denotes the assuming of a false character; the latter denotes the concealment of the true character.  Both are comprehended in the word hypocrisy.


Topic: Simultaneous
Definition:
SIMULTA'NEOUS, a.  [L.  simul, at the same time.]  Existing or happening at the same time; as simultaneous events.  The exchange of ramifications may be simultaneous.


Topic: Simultaneousness
Definition:
SIMULTA'NEOUSNESS, n.  The state or quality of being or happening at the same time; as the simultaneousness of transactions in two different places.


Topic: Sin
Definition:
SIN,  n.
1.  The voluntary departure of a moral agent from a known rule of rectitude or duty, prescribed by God; any voluntary transgression of the divine law, or violation of a divine command; a wicked act; iniquity.  Sin is either a positive act in which a known divine law is violated, or it is the voluntary neglect to obey a positive divine command, or a rule of duty clearly implied in such command.  Sin comprehends not action only, but neglect of known duty, all evil thoughts purposes, words and desires, whatever is contrary to God's commands or law.  1 John 3.  Matt.  15.  James 4.  Sinner neither enjoy the pleasures of nor the peace of piety.  Among divines, sin is original or actual.  Actual sin, above defined, is the act of a moral agent in violating a known rule of duty.  Original sin, as generally understood, is native depravity of heart to the divine will, that corruption of nature of deterioration of the moral character of man, which is supposed to be the effect of Adam's apostasy; and which manifests itself in moral agents by positive act of disobedience to the divine will, or by the voluntary neglect to comply with the express commands of God, which require that we should love God with all the heart and soul and strength and mind, and our neighbor as ourselves.  This native depravity or alienation of affections from God and his law, is supposed to be what the apostle calls the carnal mind or mindedness, which is enmity against God, and is therefore denominated sin or sinfulness.  Unpardonable sin, or blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, is supposed to be a malicious and obstinate rejection of Christ and the gospel plan of salvation, or a contemptuous resistance made to the influences and convictions of the Holy Spirit.  Matt.12.
2.  A sin-offering; an offering made to atone for sin.  He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin.  2 Cor 5.
3.  A man enormously wicked.  [Not in use.]
4.  Sin differs from crime, not in nature, but in application.  That which is a crime against society, is sin against God.


Topic: Sin-offering
Definition:
SIN'-OFFERING,  n.  [sin and offering.] A sacrifice for sin; something offered as an expiation for sin.  Ex.  29.


Topic: Sinapism
Definition:
SIN'APISM,n.[L.  sinapis, sinape, mustard.]  In Pharmacy, a cataplasm composed of mustard seed pulverized, with some other ingredients, and used as an external application.  It is a powerful stimulant.


Topic: Since
Definition:
SINCE,prep or adv.
1.  After; from the time that.  The proper signification of since is after, and its appropriate sense includes the whole period between an event and the present time.  I have not seen my brother since January.  The Lord hath blessed thee, since my coming.  Gen.  30.  Holy prophets, who have been since the world began.  Luke l.  John 9.  Since then denotes, during the whole time after an event; or at any particular time during that period.
2.  Ago; past; before this.  'About two years since, an event happened,' that is, two years having passed.
3.  Because that; this being the fact that.  Since truth and constancy are vain, since neither love nor sese of pain nor force of reason can persuade, then let example be obey'd.  Since, when it precedes a noun, is called a preposition, but when it precedes sentence it is called an adverb.  The truth is, the character of the word is the same in both cases.  It is probably an obsolete participle, and according to the usual classification of words, may be properly ranked with the prepositions.  In strictness, the last clause of the passage above cited is the case absolute.  'The Lord hath blessed the, since my coming,' that is, my arrival being past.  So, since the world began, is strictly past the world began, the beginning of the world being past.  In the first case, since considered as a preposition, has coming, a noun, for its object, and in the latter case, the clause of a sentence.  So we say, against your arrival, or against you come.


Topic: Sincere
Definition:
SINCE'RE, a.  [L.  sincerus, which is said to be composed of sine, without, and cera, wax; as if applied originally to pure honey.]
1.  Pure; unmixed.  As new-born babes, desire the sincere milk of the word.  1 Pet.  2.  A joy which never was sincere till now.  There is no sincere acid in any animal juice.  I would have all gallicisms avoided, that our tongue may be sincere.  [This sense is for the most part obsolete.  We use the phrases, sincere joy, sincere pleasure; but we mean by them, unfeigned, real joy or pleasure.]
2.  Unhurt; uninjured.  The' inviolable body stood sincere.
3.  Being in reality what it appears to be; not feigned; not simulated; not assumed or said for the sake of appearance; real; not hypocritical or pretended.  This is the present use of the word.  Let your intentions be pure and your declarations sincere.  Let love and friendship be sincere.  No prayer can avail with a heart-searching God, unless it is sincere.


Topic: Sincerely
Definition:
SINCE'RELY, adv.  Honestly; with real purity of heart; without simulation or disguise; to love virtue sincerely.


Topic: Sincerity
Definition:
SINCER'ITY, n.  [L.  sinceritas.]
1.  Honesty of mind or intention; freedom from simulation or hypocrisy.  We may question a man's prudence, when we cannot question his sincerity.
2.  Freedom from hypocrisy, disguise or false pretense; as the sincerity of a declaration or of love.


Topic: Sine
Definition:
SINE, n.  [L.  sinus.] In geometry, the right sine of an arch or arc, is a line drawn from one end of that arch perpendicular to the radius drawn through the other end, and is always equal to half the chord of double the arch.


Topic: Sinecure
Definition:
SI'NECURE, n.  [L.  sine, without, and cura, cure, care.]  An office which has revenue without employment; in church affairs, a benefice without cure of souls.  [This is the original and proper sense of the word.]  Sine die, [L.  without day.] An adjournment sine die is and adjournment without fixing the time of resuming business.  When a defendant is suffered to go sine die, he is dismissed the court.


Topic: Sinew
Definition:
SIN'EW, n.  
1.  In anatomy, a tendon; that which unites a muscle to a bone.
2.  In the plural, strength; or rather that which supplies strength.  Money is the sinews of war.
3.  Muscle; nerve.
SIN'EW, v.i.  To knit as by sinews.


Topic: Sinew-shrunk
Definition:
SIN'EW-SHRUNK, a.  Gaunt-bellied; having the sinews under belly shrunk by excess of fatigue, as a horse.


Topic: Sinewed
Definition:
SIN'EWED, a.  
1.  Furnished with sinews; as a strong-sinewed youth.
2.  Strong; firm; vigorous.  When he sees ourselves well sinewed to our defense.


Topic: Sinewy
Definition:
SIN'EWY, a.  
1.  Consisting of a sinew or nerve.  The sinewy thread my brain lets fall.
2.  Nervous; strong well braced with sinews; vigorous; firm; as the sinewy Ajax.  The northern people are large, fair complexioned, strong, sinewy and courageous.


Topic: Sinful
Definition:
SIN'FUL, a.  [from sin.] 
1.  Tainted with sin; wicked; iniquitous; criminal; unholy; as sinful men.  Ah, sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity! Isa.  1.
2.  Containing sin, or consisting in sin; contrary to the laws of God; as sinful actions; sinful thoughts; sinful words.


Topic: Sinfully
Definition:
SIN'FULLY, adv.  In a manner which the laws of God do not permit; wickedly; iniquitously; criminally.


Topic: Sinfulness
Definition:
SIN'FULNESS, n.  
1.  The quality of being sinful or contrary to the divine will; wickedness; iniquity; criminality; as the sinfulness of an action; the sinfulness of thoughts or purposes.
2.  Wickedness; corruption; depravity; as the sinfulness of men or of the human race.


Topic: Sing
Definition:
SING, v.  i.  pret.  sung, sang; pp.  sung.
1.  To utter sounds with various inflections of melodious modulations of voice, as fancy may dictate, or according to the notes of a song or tune The noise of them that sing do I hear Ex.  32.
2.  To utter sweet or melodious sounds, as birds.  It is remarkable that the female of no species of birds ever sings.  And singing birds in silver cages hung.
3.  To make a small shrill sound; as, the air sings in passing through a crevice.  O'er his head the flying spear sung innocent, and spent its force in air.
4.  To tell or relate something in numbers of verse.  Sing of human hope by cross event destroy'd.
SING, v.  t.  
1.  To utter with musical modulation of voice.  And they sing the song of Moses, the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb.  Rev.  15.
2.  To celebrate in song; to give praises to in verse.  The last, the happiest British king, whom thou shalt paint or I shall sing.
3.  To relate or rehearse in numbers, verse or poetry.  Arms and the man I sing.  While stretch'd at ease you sing your happy loves.


Topic: Singe
Definition:
SINGE, v.t.  sinj.  To burn slightly or superficially; to burn the surface of a thing as the nap of cloth, or the hair of the skin; as, to singe off the beard.  Thus riding on his curls, he seem'd to pass A rolling fire along, and singe the grass.
SINGE, n.  A burning of the surface; a slight burn.


Topic: Singer
Definition:
SING'ER, n.  [from sing.]  
1.  One that sings.
2.  One versed in music, or one whose occupation is to sing; as a chorus of singers.
3.  A bird that sings.


Topic: Singing
Definition:
SING'ING, ppr.  Uttering melodious or musical notes; making a shrill sound; celebrating in song; reciting in verse.
SING'ING, n.  The act of uttering sounds with musical inflections; musical articulation; the utterance of melodious notes.


Topic: Single
Definition:
SIN'GLE, a.  
1.  Separate; one; only; individual; consisting of one only; as a single star; a single city; a single act.
2.  Particular; individual.  No single man is born with a right of controlling the opinions of all the rest.
3.  Uncompounded.  Simple ideas are opposed to complex, and single to compound.
4.  Alone; having no companion or assistant.  Who single hast maintain'd against revolted multitudes the cause of truth.
5.  Unmarried; as a single man; a single woman.
6.  Not double; not complicated; as a single thread; a single strand of a rope.
7.  Performed with one person or antagonist on a side, or with one person only opposed to another; as a single fight; a single combat.
8.  Pure; simple; incorrupt; unbiased; having clear vision of divine truth.  Matt.  6.
9.  Small; weak; silly
10.  In botany, a single flower is when there is only one on a stem, and in common usage, one not double.


Topic: Singleness
Definition:
SIN'GLENESS, n.  
    1. The state of being one only or separate from all others; the opposite of doubleness, complication or multiplicity.
2.  Simplicity; sincerity; purity of mind or purpose; freedom from duplicity; as singleness of belief; singleness of heart.


Topic: Singly
Definition:
SIN'GLY, adv.  
1.  Individually; particularly; as, to make men singly and personally good.
2.  Only; by himself.  Look thee, 'tis so, thou singly honest man.
3.  Without partners, companions or associates; as, to attack another singly.  At ombre singly to decide their doom.
4.  Honestly; sincerely.


Topic: Singular
Definition:
SIN'GULAR, a.  [L.  singularis,from singulus, single.]
1.  Single; not complex or compound.  That idea which represents one determinate thing, is called a singular idea, whether simple, complex or compound.
2.  In grammar, expressing one person or thing; as the singular number.  The singular number stands opposed to dual and plural.
3.  Particular; existing by itself; unexampled; as a singular phenomenon.  Your case is hard, but not singular.
4.  Remarkable; eminent; unusual; rare; as a man of singular gravity, or singular attainments.
SIN'GULAR, n.  A particular instance.  [Unusual.]


Topic: Singularity
Definition:
SINGULAR'ITY, n.
1.  Peculiarity; some character or quality of a thing by which it is distinguished from all, or from most others.  Pliny addeth this singularity to that soil, that the second year the very falling of the seeds yieldeth corn.
2.  An uncommon character or form; something curious or remarkable.  I took notice of this little figure for the singularity of the instrument.
3.  Particular privilege, prerogative or distinction.  No bishop of Rome ever took upon him this name of singularity, (universal bishop.) Catholicism-must be understood in opposition  to the legal singularity of the Jewish nation.
4.  Character or trait of character different from that of others; peculiarity.  The singularity of living according to the strict precepts of the gospel is highly to be commended.
5.  Oddity.
6.  Celibacy.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Singularly
Definition:
SIN'GULARLY, adv.  
1.  Peculiarly; in a manner or degree not common to others.  It is no disgrace to be singularly good.
2.  Oddly; strangely.
3.  So as to express one or the singular number.


Topic: Sinister
Definition:
SIN'ISTER, a.  [L.  Probably the primary sense is weak, defective.]
1.  Left; on the left hand, or the side of the left hand; opposed to dexter or right; as the sinister cheek; or the sinister side of an escutcheon.
2.  Evil; bad; corrupt; perverse; dishonest; as sinister means; sinister purpose.  He scorns to undermine another's interest by any sinister or inferior arts.
3.  Unlucky; inauspicious.
4.  Sinister aspect, in astrology, an appearance of two planets happening according to the succession of the signs; as Saturn in Aries, and Mars in the same degree of Gemini.


Topic: Sinistrous
Definition:
SIN'ISTROUS, a.  
1.  Being on the left side; inclined to the left.
2.  Wrong; absurd; perverse.  A knave or fool can do no harm, even by the most sinistrous and absurd choice.


Topic: Sinistrously
Definition:
SIN'ISTROUSLY, adv.  
1.  Perversely; wrongly.
2.  With a tendency to use the left as the stronger hand.


Topic: Sink
Definition:
SINK, v.  i.  pret.  sunk; pp.  id.  The old pret.  sank is nearly obsolete.
1.  To fall by the force of greater gravity, in a medium or substance of less specific gravity; to subside; opposed to swim or float.  Some species of wood or timber will sink in water.  Oil will not sink in water and many other liquids, for it is specifically lighter.  I sink in deep mire.  Ps.  69.
2.  To fall gradually.  He sunk down in his chariot, II Kings 9.
3.  To enter or penetrate into any body.  The stone sunk into his forehead.  I Sam.  17.
4.  To fall; to become lower; to subside or settle to a level.  The Alps and Pyrenees sink before him.
5.  To be overwhelmed or depressed.  Our country sinks beneath the yoke.
6.  To enter deeply; to be impressed.  Let these sayings sink down into your ears.  Luke 9.
7.  To become deep; to retire or fall within the surface of any thing; as, the eyes sink into the head.
8.  To fall; to decline; to decay; to decrease.  A free state gradually sinks into ruin.  It is the duty of government to revive a sinking commerce.  Let not the fire sink or slacken.
9.  To fall into rest or indolence; as, to sink away in pleasing dreams.
10.  To be lower; to fall; as, the price of land will sink in time of peace.
SINK, v.t.  
1.  To put under water; to immerse in a fluid; as, to sink a ship.
2.  To make by digging or delving; as, to sink a pit or a well.
3.  To depress; to degrade.  His vices sink him in infamy, or in public estimation.
4.  To plunge into destruction.  If I have a conscience, let it sink me.
5.  To cause to fall or to be plunged.
6.  To bring low; to reduce in quantity.  You sunk the river with repeated draughts.
7.  To depress; to overbear; to crush.  This would sink the spirit of a hero.
8.  To diminish; to lower or lessen; to degrade.  I mean not that we should sink our figure out of covetousness.
9.  To cause to decline or fail.  Thy cruel and unnat'ral lust of power has sunk thy father more than all his years.
10.  To suppress; to conceal; to intervert.  If sent with ready money to buy any thing, and you happen to be out of pocket, sink the money, and take up the goods on account.  [Unusual.]
11.  To depress to lower in value or amount.  Great importations may sink the price of goods.
12.  To reduce; to pay; to diminish or annihilate by payment; as, to sink the nation debt.
13.  To waste; to dissipate; as, to sink an estate.
SINK, n.  
1.  A drain to carry off filthy water; a jakes.
2.  A kind of bason of stone or wood to receive filthy water.


Topic: Sinking
Definition:
SINK'ING, ppr.  Falling; subsiding; depressing; declining.  Sinking fund, in fiance, a fund created for sinking or paying a public debt, or purchasing the stock for the government.


Topic: Sinless
Definition:
SIN'LESS, a.  [from sin.] 
1.  Free from sin; pure; perfect.  Christ yielded a sinless obedience.
2.  Free from sin; innocent; as a sinless soul.


Topic: Sinner
Definition:
SIN'NER, n.  
1.  One that has voluntarily violated the divine law; a moral agent who has voluntarily disobeyed any divine precept, or neglected any known duty.
2.  It is used in contradistinction to saint, to denote an unregenerate person; one who has not received the pardon of his sins.
3.  AN offender; a criminal.
SIN'NER, v.i.  To act as a sinner; in ludicrous language.  Whether the charmer sinner it or saint it.


Topic: Sinoper
Definition:
SIN'OPER, SIN'OPLE, n.  [L.  sinopis.] Red ferruginous quartz, of a blood or brownish red color, sometimes with a tinge or yellow.  It occurs in small but very perfect crystals, and in masses that resemble some varieties of jasper.


Topic: Sinter
Definition:
SIN'TER,n.  In mineralogy, calcarious sinter is a variety of carbonate of lime, composed of a series of successive layers, concentric, plane or undulated, and nearly or quite parallel.  It appears under various forms.  Silicious sinter is white or grayish, light, brittle, porous,, and of a fibrous texture.  Opaline silicious sinter somewhat resembles opal.  It is whitish, with brownish, blackish or bluish spots, and its fragments present dendritic appearances.  Pearl sinter or fiorite occurs in stalactitic, cylindrical, botryoidal, and globular masses, white or grayish.


Topic: Sinuate
Definition:
SIN'UATE, v.t.  [L.  sinuo.] To wind; to turn; to bend in and out.
SIN'UATE, a.  In botany, a sinuate leaf is one that has large curved breaks in the margin, resembling bays, as in the oak.


Topic: Sinuosity
Definition:
SINUOS'ITY, n.  [L.  sinuosus, sinus.] The quality of bending or curving in and out; or a series of bends and turns in arches or other irregular figures.


Topic: Sinuous
Definition:
SIN'UOUS, a.  [L.  sinus.] Wind; crooked; bending in and out; as a sinuous pipe.  Streaking the ground with sinuous trace.


Topic: Sinus
Definition:
SI'NUS, n.  [L.  a bay.] 
1.  A bay of the sea; a recess in the shore , or an opening in the land.
2.  In anatomy, a cavity in a bone or other part, wider at the bottom than at the entrance.
3.  In surgery, a little cavity or sack in which pus is collected; an abscess with only a small orifice.
4.  An opening; a hollow.


Topic: Sip
Definition:
SIP, v.t.  
1.  To take a fluid into the mouth in small quantities by the lips; as, to sip wine; to sip tea or coffee.
2.  To drink or imbibe in small quantities.  Every herb that sips the dew.
3.  To draw into the mouth ; to extract; as, a bee sips nectar from the flowers.
4.  To drink out of.  They skim the floods, and sip the purple flow'rs.


Topic: Siphon
Definition:
SI'PHON, n.  [L.  sipho,sipo]
1.  A bent pipe or tube whose legs are of unequal length, used for drawing liquor out of a vessel by causing it to rise over the rim or top.  For this purpose, the shorter leg is inserted in the liquor, and the air is exhausted by being drawn through the longer leg.  The liquor then rises by the weight of the atmosphere to supply the vacuum, till it reaches the top of the vessel, and then descends in the longer leg of the siphon
2.  The pipe by which the chambers of a shell communicate.


Topic: Siphunculated
Definition:
SIPHUN'CULATED, a.  [L, siphunculus, a little siphon.]  Having a little siphon or spout, as a valve.


Topic: Sir
Definition:
SIR, n.  sur.
1.  A word or respect used in addresses to men, as madam is in addresses to women.  It signifies properly lord, corresponding to dominus in Latin, in Spanish, and herr in German.  It is used in the singular or plural.  Speak on, sir.  But sirs, be sudden in the execution.
2.  The title of a knight or baronet; as Sir Horace Vere.
3.  It is used  by Shakespeare for man.  In the election of a sir so rare.  [Not in use.]
4.  In American colleges, the title of a master of arts.
5.  It is prefixed to loin, in sirloin; as a sirloin of beef.  This practice is said to have originated in the knighting of a loin of beef by one of the English kings in a fit of good humor.
6.  Formerly the title or a priest.


Topic: Sire
Definition:
SIRE, n.  [supra.] 
1.  A father; used in poetry.  And raise his issue like a loving sire.
2.  The male parent of a beast; particularly used of horses; as, the horse had a good sire, but a bad dam.
3.  It is used in composition; as in grandsire, for grandfather; great grandsire, great grandfather.
SIRE, v.t.  To beget; to procreate; used of beasts.


Topic: Siren
Definition:
SIR'EN, n.  
1.  A mermaid.  In ancient mythology, a goddess who enticed men into her power by the charms of music, and devoured them.  Hence in modern use, an enticing woman; a female rendered dangerous by her enticements.  Sing, siren, to thyself, and I will dote.
2.  A species of lizard in Carolina, constituting a peculiar genus, destitute of posterior extremities and pelvis.
SIR'EN, a.  Pertaining to a siren, or to the dangerous enticements of music; bewitching; fascinating; as a siren song.


Topic: Siriasis
Definition:
SIRI'ASIS, n.  An inflammation of the brain, proceeding from the excessive heat of the sun; phrensy almost peculiar to children.


Topic: Sirius
Definition:
SIR'IUS, n.  [L.  the sun.]
The large and bright star called the dog star, in the mouth of the constellation Canis major.


Topic: Sirocco
Definition:
SIROC'CO, n.  A pernicious wind that blows from the south east in Italy, called the Syrian wind.  It is said to resemble the steam from the mouth of an oven.


Topic: Sirrah
Definition:
SIR'RAH, n.  A word of reproach and contempt; used in addressing vile characters.  Go sirrah, to my call.  [I know not whence we have this word.  The common derivation of it from sir, ha, is ridiculous.]


Topic: Sirup
Definition:
SIRUP,n.  sur'up, [oriental.  See Sherbet and Absorb.]  The sweet juice of vegetables or fruits, or other juice sweetened; or sugar boiled.  with vegetable infusions.


Topic: Siskin
Definition:
SIS'KIN, n.  A bird, the green finch; another name of the aberdavine.  The siskin or aberdavine is the Fringilla spinus; the green finch, the Fr.  chloris, a different species.


Topic: Sister
Definition:
SIS'TER, n.
1.  A female born of the same patents; correlative to brother.
2.  A woman of the same faith; a female fellow christian.  If a brother or sister be naked and destitute of daily food.  James 2.
3.  A female of the same kind.
4.  One of the same kind, or of the same condition; as sister-fruits.
5.  A female of the same society; as the nuns of a convent.
SIS'TER, v.t.  To resemble closely.
SIS'TER, v.i.  To be akin;  to be near to.  [Little used.]


Topic: Sisterhood
Definition:
SIS'TERHOOD, n.  
1.  Sisters collectively, or a society of sisters; or a society of females united in one faith or order.
2.  The officer of duty of a sister.  [Little used.]


Topic: Sit
Definition:
SIT, v.i.  pret.  sat; old pp.  sitten [L.  sedeo.]
1.  To rest upon the buttocks, as animals; as, to sit on a sofa or on the ground.
2.  To perch; to rest on the feet; as fowls.
3.  To occupy a seat or place in an official capacity.  The scribes and the Pharisees sit in Moses' seat.  Matt.  23.
4.  To be in a state of rest or idleness.  Shall your brethren go to war, and shall ye sit here? Num.  32.
5.  To rest, lie  or bear on, as a weight or burned; as, grief sits heavy on his heart.
6.  To settle; to rest; to abide.  Pale horror sat on each Arcadian face.
7.  To incubate; to cover and warm eggs for hatching; as a fowl.  As the partridge sitteth on eggs and hatcheth them not- Jer.  17.
8.  To be adjusted; to be, with respect to fitness or unfitness; as, a coat sits well or ill.  This new and gorgeous garment, majesty, sits not so easy on me as you think.
9.  To be placed in order to be painted; as, to sit for one's picture.
10.  To be in any situation or condition.  Suppose all the church lands to be thrown up to the laity; would the tenants sit easier in their rents than now?
11.  To hold a session; to be officially engaged in public business; as judges, legislators or officers of any kind.  The house of commons sometimes sits till late at night.  The judges or the courts sit in Westminster hall.  The commissioners sit every day.
12.  To exercise authority; as, to sit in judgment.  One council sits upon life and death.
13.  To be in any assembly or council as a member; to have a seat.
14.  To be in a local position.  The wind sits fair.  [Unusual]


Topic: Site
Definition:
SITE, n.  [L.  silus.]
1.  Situation; local position; as the site of a city or of a house.
2.  A seat or ground-plot; as a mill-site.  But we usually say, mill-seat, by which we understand the place where a mill stands, or a place convenient for a mill.
3.  The posture of a thing with respect of itself.  The semblance of a lover fix'd in melancholy site.  [This is improper.]


Topic: Sitter
Definition:
SIT'TER, n.  [from sit.] 
1.  One that sits.  The Turks are great sitters.
2.  A bird that sits or incubates.


Topic: Sitting
Definition:
SIT'TING,  ppr.  
1.  Resting on the buttocks, or on the feet, as fowls; incubating; brooding; being in the actual exercise of authority, or being assembled for that purpose.
2.  a.  In botany, sessile.


Topic: Situate
Definition:
SIT'UATE, a.  [L.  situs, sedeo.]
1.  Placed, with respect to any other object; as a town situate on a hill or on the sea shore.
2.  Placed; consisting.  Pleasure situate in hill and dale
[Note.  In the United States, this word is less used than situated, but both are well authorized.]


Topic: Situated
Definition:
SIT'UATED, a.  [See Siluate.] 
1.  Seated, placed or standing with respect to any other object; as a city situated on a declivity, or in front of a lake; a town well situated for trade or manufactures; an observatory well situated for observation of the stars.  New York is situated in the forty first degree of N.  latitude.
2.  Placed or being in any state or condition with regard to men or things.  Observe how the executor is situated with respect to the heirs.


Topic: Situation
Definition:
SITUA'TION, n.  
1.  Position; seat; location in respect to something else.  The situation of London is more favorable for foreign commerce than that of Paris.  The situation of a stranger among people of habits differing from his own, cannot be pleasant.
2.  State; condition.  He enjoys a situation of ease and tranquility.
3.  Circumstances; temporary state; used of persons in a dramatic scene.
4.  Place; office.  He has a situation in the war department, or under government.


Topic: Sivan
Definition:
SIV'AN, n.  The third month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering to part of our May and part of June.


Topic: Sixpence
Definition:
SIX'PENCE, n.  [six and pence.] 
1.  An English silver coin of the value of six pennies; half a shilling.
2.  The value of six pennies or half a shilling.


Topic: Sixth
Definition:
SIXTH, a.  The first after the fifth; the ordinal of six.
SIXTH, n.
1.  The sixth part.
2.  In music, a hexachord, as interval of two kinds; the minor sixth, consisting of three tones and two semitones major, and the major sixth, composed of four tones and a major semitone.


Topic: Sizable
Definition:
SIZABLE, a.  [from size.] 
1.  Of considerable bulk.
2.  Being of reasonable of suitable size; as sizable timber.


Topic: Size
Definition:
SIZE, n.  [either contracted from assize, or from the L.  scissus.  I take it to be from the former, and from the sense of setting, as we apply the word to the assize of bread.]
1.  Bulk; bigness; magnitude; extent of superficies.  Size particularly expresses thickness; as the size of a tree or of a mast; the size of a ship or of a rock.  A man may be tall, with little size of body.
2.  A settled quantity of allowance.  [contracted from assize.]
3.  Figurative bulk; condition as to rank and character; as men of less size and quality.  [Not much used.]


Topic: Sized
Definition:
SI'ZED, pp.  
1.  Adjusted according to size; prepared with size.
2.  a.  Having a particular magnitude.  And as my love is siz'd my fear is so.  [Note.  This word is used in compounds; as large-sized, common-sized, middle-sized, & c.]


Topic: Siziness
Definition:
SI'ZINESS, n.  [from sizy.] Glutinousness; viscousness; the quality of size; as the siziness of blood.


Topic: Sizy
Definition:
SI'ZY, a.  [from size.] Glutinous; thick and viscous; ropy; having the adhesiveness of size; as sizy blood.


Topic: Skate
Definition:
SKATE, n.  A sort or shoe furnished with a smooth iron for sliding on ice.
SKATE, v.i.  To slide or move on skates.
SKATE, n.  [L.  squatus, squatina.] A fish of the ray kind, (Raia Batis;) called the variegated ray-fish, It is a flat fish, the largest and thinnest of the genus, some of them weighing nearly two hundred pounds.


Topic: Skeleton
Definition:
SKEL'ETON, n.  [L.  calleo, callus.]
1.  The bones of an animal body, separated from the flesh and retained in their natural position or connections.  When the bones are connected by the natural ligaments, it is called a natural skeleton; when by wires, or any foreign substance, an artificial skeleton.
2.  The compages, general structure or frame of any thing; the principal parts that support the rest, but without the appendages.
3.  A very thin or lean person.


Topic: Sketch
Definition:
SKETCH, n.  [L.  scateo.] An outline or general delineation of any thing; a first rough or incomplete draught of a plan or any design; as the sketch of a building; the sketch of an essay.
SKETCH, v.t.  
1.  To draw the outline or general figure of a thing; to make a rough draught.
2.  To plan by giving the principal points or ideas.


Topic: Skew
Definition:
SKEW, adv.  Awry; obliquely.  [See Askew.]
SKEW, v.t.  
1.  To look obliquely upon; to notice slightly.  [Not in use.]
2.  To shape or form in an oblique way.  [Not in use.]
SKEW, v.i.  To walk obliquely.


Topic: Skewer
Definition:
SKEW'ER,  n.  A pin of wood or iron for fastening meat to a spit, or for keeping it in form while roasting.


Topic: Skid
Definition:
SKID, n.  
1.  A curving timber to preserve a ship's side from injury by heavy bodies hoisted or lowered against it; a slider.
2.  A chain used for fastening the wheel of a wagon, to prevent its turning when descending a steep hill.


Topic: Skiff
Definition:
SKIFF, n.  [L.  schapha;] A small light boar resembling a yawl.
SKIFF, v.t.  To pass over in a light boat.


Topic: Skill
Definition:
SKILL, n.  Calleo, that is to strain, stretch, reach, and with to perfect, that is, to make sound, or to reach the utmost limit.  The sense of folly, error, sin, preverseness, is from wandering, deviation.
1.  The familiar knowledge of any art or science, united with readiness and dexterity in execution or performance, or in the application of the art or science to practical purposes.  Thus we speak of the skill of a mathematician, of a surveyor, of a physician or surgeon, of a mechanic or seaman.  So we speak of skill in management or negotiation.
2.  Any particular art.


Topic: Skilled
Definition:
SKILL'ED, a.  Having familiar knowledge united with readiness and dexterity in the application of it; familiarly acquainted with; followed by in; as a professor skilled in logic or geometry; one skilled in the art of engraving.


Topic: Skillful
Definition:
SKILL'FUL, a.
1.  Knowing; well versed in any art; hence, dextrous; able in management; able to perform nicely any manual operation in the arts or professions; as a skillful mechanic; a skillful operator in surgery.
2.  Well versed in practice; as a skillful physician.
It is followed by at or in; as skillful at the organ; skillful in drawing.


Topic: Skillfully
Definition:
SKILL'FULLY, adv.  With skill; with nice art; dextrously; as a machine skillfully made; a ship skillfully managed.


Topic: Skillfulness
Definition:
SKILL'FULNESS, n.  The quality of possessing skill; dextrousness; ability to perform well in any art or business, or to manage affairs with judgement and exactness, or according to good taste or just rules; knowledge and ability derived from experience.


Topic: Skim
Definition:
SKIM, n.  (a different orthography of scum;
Scum; the thich matter that forms on the surface of a liquor.


Topic: Skimmer
Definition:
SKIM'MER, n.  
1.  An utensil in the form of a scoop; used for skimming liquors.
2.  One that skims over a subject.
3.  A sea fowl, the cut-water.


Topic: Skin
Definition:
SKIN, n.  
1.  The natural covering of animal bodies, consisting of the cuticle or scarf-skin, the rete mucosum, and the cutis or hide.  The cuticle is very thin and insensible; the cutis is thicker and very sensible.
2.  A hide; a pelt; the skin of an animal separated from the body, whether green, dry or tanned.
3.  The body; the person; in ludicrous language
4.  The bark or husk of a plant; the exterior coat of fruits and plants.
SKIN, v.t.  
1.  To strip off the skin or hide; to flay; to peel.
2.  To cover with skin.
3.  to cover superficially.
SKIN, v.i.  To be covered with skin; as a wound skins over.


Topic: Skink
Definition:
SKINK, n.  
1.  Drink; pottage.
2.  (L.  scincus) A small lizard of Egypt; also, the common name of a genus of lizards, with a long body entirely covered with rounded imbricate scales, all natives of warm climates.
SKINK, v.i.  To bestow, to make a present.  To serve drink.


Topic: Skip
Definition:
SKIP, v.i.  To leap; to bound; to spring; as a goat or lamb.
To skip over, to pass without notice; to omit.
SKIP, v.t.  To pass over or by; to omit; to miss.


Topic: Skipper
Definition:
SKIP'PER, n.  
1.  The master of a small trading vessel.
2.  (from skip.) A dancer.
3.  A youngling; a young thoughtless person.
4.  The hornfish, so called.
5.  The cheese maggot.


Topic: Skipping
Definition:
SKIP'PING, ppr.  Leaping; bounding.  Skipping notes, in music, are notes that are not in regular course, but separate.


Topic: Skirmish
Definition:
SKIRMISH, n.
1.  A slight fight in war; a light combat by armies at a great distance from each other, or between detachments and small parties.
2.  A contest; a contention.
They never meet but there's a skirmish of wit.


Topic: Skirmishing
Definition:
SKIRM'ISHING, ppr.  Fighting slightly or in detached parties.
SKIRM'ISHING, n.  The act of fighting in a loose or slight encounter.


Topic: Skirr
Definition:
SKIRR, v.t.  To scour; to ramble over in order to clear.
SKIRR, v.i.  To scour; to scud; to run hastily.


Topic: Skirt
Definition:
SKIRT, n.  
1.  The lower and loose part of a coat or other garment; the part below the waist; as the skirt of a coat or mantle.  1 Sam.15.
2.  The edge of any part of dress.
3.  Border; edge; margin; extreme part; as the skirt of a forest; the skirt of a town.
4.  A woman's garment like a petticoat.
5.  The diaphragm or midriff in animals.
To spread the skirt over, in Scripture, to take under one's care and protection Ruth.3.
SKIRT, v.t.  To border; to form the border or edge; or to run along the edge; as a plain skirted by rows of trees; a circuit skirted round with wood.
SKIRT, v.i.  To be on the border; to live near the extremity.
Savages--who skirt along our western frontiers.


Topic: Skittish
Definition:
SKIT'TISH, a.  
1.  Shy; easily frightened; shunning familiarity; timorous; as a restif skittish jade.  L'Estrange.
2.  Wanton; volatile; hasty.
3.  Changeable; fickle; as skittish fortune.


Topic: Skolezite
Definition:
SKOL'EZITE, n.  A mineral allied to Thomsonite, occurring crystallized and massive, colorless and nearly transparent.  When a small portion of it is placed in the exterior flame of the blowpipe, it twists like a worm, becomes opake, and is converted into a blebby colorless glass.


Topic: Skoradite
Definition:
SKOR'ADITE, n.  A mineral of a greenish color of different shades or brown and nearly black, resembling the martial arseniate of copper.  It occurs massive, but generally crystallized in rectangular prisms.


Topic: Skull
Definition:
SKULL, n.  
1.  The bone that forms the exterior of the head, and incloses the brain; the brain-pan.  It is composed of several parts united at the sutures.
2.  A person.
Skulls that cannot teach and will not learn.
3.  Skull, for skeal or school, of fish


Topic: Skunk
Definition:
SKUNK, n.  In America, the popular name of a fetid animal of the weasel kind; the Viverra Mephitis of Linne.


Topic: Sky
Definition:
SKY, n.  
1.  The aerial region which surrounds the earth; the apparent arch or vault of heaven, which in a clear day is of a blue color.
2.  The heavens.
3.  The weather; the climate.
4.  A cloud; a shadow.


Topic: Slab
Definition:
SLAB, a.  Thick; viscous.  [Not used.]
SLAB, n.
1.  A plane or table of stone; as a marble slab.
2.  An outside piece taken from timber in sawing it into boards, planks, & c.
3.  A puddle.  [See Slop.]


Topic: Slabber
Definition:
SLAB'BER, v.i.  To let the saliva or other liquid fall from the mouth carelessly; to drivel.  It is also written slaver.
SLAB'BER, v.t.  
1.  To sup up hastily, as liquid food.
2.  To wet and foul by liquids suffered to fall carelessly from the mouth.
3.  To shed; to spill.


Topic: Slack
Definition:
SLACK, a.  
1.  Not tense; not hard drawn; not firmly extended; as a slack rope; slack rigging; slack shrouds.
2.  Weak; remiss; not holding fast; as a slack hand.
3.  Remiss; backward; not using due diligence; not earnest or eager; as slack in duty or service; slack in business.
4.  Not violent; not rapid; slow; as a slack pace.


Topic: Slacken
Definition:
SLACK'EN, n.  Among miners, a spungy semi-vitrified substance which they mix with the ores of metals to prevent their fusion.


Topic: Slackness
Definition:
SLACK'NESS, n.  
1.  Looseness; the state opposite to tension; not tightness or rigidness; as the slackness of a cord or rope.
2.  Remissness; negligence; inattention; as the slackness of men in business or duty; slackness in the performance of engagements.
3.  Slowness; tardiness; want of tendency; as the slackness of flesh to heal.
4.  Weakness; not intenseness.


Topic: Slake
Definition:
SLAKE, v.t.  To quench; to extinguish; as, to slake thirst.  And slake the heav'nly fire.
SLAKE, v.i.  
1.  To go out; to become extinct.
2.  To grow less tense.  [a mistake for slack.]


Topic: Slam
Definition:
SLAM, v.t.  
1.  To strike with force and noise; to shut against; a violent shutting of a door.
2.  To beat; to cuff.
3.  To strike down; to slaughter.
4.  To win all the tricks in a hand; as we say, to take all at a stroke or dash.


Topic: Slander
Definition:
SLA'NDER, n.  
1.  A false tale or report maliciously uttered.  and tending to injure the reputation of another by lessening him in the esteem of his fellow citizens, by exposing min to impeachment and punishment, or by impairing his means of lining; defamation.  Slander, that worst of poisons, ever finds an easy entrance to ignoble minds.
2 Disgrace; reproach; disreputation; ill name.
SLA'NDER, v.t.  To defame; to injure by maliciously uttering a false report respecting one; to tarnish or impair the reputation of one by false tales, maliciously told or propagated.


Topic: Slanderer
Definition:
SLA'NDERER, n.  A defamer; one who injures another by maliciously reporting something to his prejudice.


Topic: Slanderous
Definition:
SLA'NDEROUS, a.  
1.  That utters defamatory words or tales; as a slanderous tongue.
2.  Containing slander or defamation; calumnious; as slanderous words, speeches or reports, false and maliciously uttered.
3.  Scandalous; reproachful.


Topic: Slant
Definition:
SLANT, STANTING, a.  Sloping; oblique; inclined from a direct line, whether horizontal or perpendicular; as a slanting ray of light; a slanting floor.


Topic: Slap
Definition:
SLAP, n.  [L.  alapa and schloppus.]  A blow given with the open hand, or with something broad.
SLAP, v.t.  To strike with the open hand, or with something broad.
SLAP, adv.  With a sudden and violent blow.


Topic: Slash
Definition:
SLASH, v.t.
1.  To cut by striking violently and at random; to cut in long cuts.
2.  To lash.
SLASH, v.i.  To strike violently and at random with a sword, hanger or other edger instrument; to lay about one with blows.  Hewing and slashing at their idle shades.
SLASH, n.  A long cut; a cut made at random.


Topic: Slat
Definition:
SLAT, n.  [This is doubtless the sloat of the English dictionaries.  See Sloat.]  A narrow piece of board or timber used to fasten together larger pieces; as the slats of a cart or a chair.


Topic: Slatch
Definition:
SLATCH, n.  
1.  In seamen's language, the period of a transitory breeze.
2.  An interval of fair weather.
3.  Slack.


Topic: Slate
Definition:
SLATE, n.
1.  An argillaceous stone which readily splits into plates; argillite; argillaceous shist.
2.  A piece of smooth argillaceous stone, used for covering buildings.
3.  A piece of smooth stone of the above species, used for writing on.
SLATE, v.I.  To cover with slate or plates of stone; as, to slate a roof.  [It does not signify to tile.]


Topic: Slater
Definition:
SLA'TER, v.i.  
1.  To be careless of dress and dirty.
2.  To be careless, negligent or awkward; to spill carelessly.


Topic: Slattern
Definition:
SLAT'TERN, n.  A woman who is negligent of her dress, or who suffers her clothes and furniture to be in disorder; one who is not neat and nice.


Topic: Slaty
Definition:
SLA'TY, a.  Resembling slate; having the nature or properties of slate; as a slaty color or texture; a slaty feel.


Topic: Slaughter
Definition:
SLAUGHTER, n.  slaw'ter [See Slay.]
1.  In a general sense, a killing.  Applied to men, slaughter usually denotes great destruction of life by violent means; as the slaughter of men in battle.
2.  Applied to beasts, butchery; a killing of oxen or other beasts for market.
SLAUGHTER, v.t.  slaw'ter.  
1.  To kill; to slay; to make great destruction of life; as , to slaughter men in battle.
2.  To butcher; to kill for the market; as beasts.


Topic: Slave
Definition:
SLAVE, n.
1.  A person who is wholly subject to the will of another; one who has no will of his own, but whose person and services are wholly under the control of another.  In the early state of the world, and to this day among some barbarous nations, prisoners of war are considered and treated as slaves.  The slaves of modern times are more generally purchased, like horses and oxen.
2.  One who has lost the poser of resistance; or one who surrenders himself to any power whatever; as a slave to passion, to lust, to ambition.
3.  A mean person; one in the lowest state of life.
4.  A drudge; one who labors like a slave.
SLAVE, v.i.  To drudge; to toil; to labor as a slave.


Topic: Slave-trade
Definition:
SLA'VE-TRADE, n.  [slave and trade.] The barbarous and wicked business of purchasing men and women, transporting them to a distant country and selling them for slaves.


Topic: Slaveish
Definition:
SLA'VEISH, a.  
1.  Pertaining to slaves; servile; mean; base; such as becomes a slave; as a slavish dependence on the great.
2.  Servile; laborious; consisting in drudgery; as a slavish life.


Topic: Slaver
Definition:
SLAV'ER, n.  [the same as slabber.] Saliva driveling from the mouth.
SLAV'ER, v.i.  
1.  To suffer the spittle to issue from the mouth.
2.  To be besmeared with saliva.
SLAV'ER, v.t.  To smear with saliva issuing from the mouth; to defile with drivel.


Topic: Slavery
Definition:
SLA'VERY, n.  [See Slave.]
1.  Bondage; the state of entire subjection of one person to the will of another.  Slavery is the obligation to labor for the benefit of the master, without the contract of consent of the servant.  Slavery may proceed from crimes, from captivity or from debt.  Slavery is also voluntary or involuntary; voluntary, when a person sells or yields his own person to the absolute command of another; involuntary, when he is placed under the absolute power of another without his own consent.  Slavery no longer exists in Great Britain, not in the northern states of America.
2.  The offices of a slave; drudgery.


Topic: Slavonic
Definition:
SLAVON'IC, a.  [from Sclavi, a people of the north of Europe.]
Pertaining to the Sclavi, a people that inhabited the country between the rivers Save and Drave, or to their language.  Hence the word came to denote the language which is now spoken in Poland, Russia, Hungary, Bohemia, &c.


Topic: Slay
Definition:
SLAY, v.t.  pret.  slew; pp.  slain.  [The proper sense is to strike, and as beating was an early mode of killing, this word, like smite, came to signify to kill.  It seems to be formed on the root of lay; as we say to lay on.]
1.  To kill; to put to death by a weapon or by violence.  We say, he slew a man with a sword, with a stone, or with a club, or with other arms; but we never say, the serif slays a malefactor with a halter, or a man is slain on the gallows or by poison.  So the slay retains something of its primitive sense of striking or beating.  It is particularly applied to killing in battle, but is properly applied also to the killing of a individual man or beast.
2.  To destroy.


Topic: Sleave
Definition:
SLEAVE, n.  The knotted or entangled part of silk or thread; silk or thread untwisted.
SLEAVE, v.t.  To separate threads; or to divide a collection of threads; to sley; a word used by weavers.


Topic: Sleazy
Definition:
SLEA'ZY, SLEE'ZY, a.  [probably from the root of loose.] Thin; flimsy; wanting firmness of texture or substance; as sleezy silk or muslin.


Topic: Sled
Definition:
SLED, n.  A carriage or vehicle moved on runners, much used in America for conveying heavy weights in winter, as timber, wood, stone and the like.
SLED, v.t.  To convey or transport on a sled;  as, to sled wood or timber.


Topic: Sledding
Definition:
SLED'DING, ppr.  Conveying on a sled.
SLED'DING, n.  The act of transporting on a sled.
2.  The means of conveying on sleds; snow sufficient for the running of sleds.  Thus we say in America, when there is snow sufficient to run a sled, it is good sledding during the winter.


Topic: Sledge
Definition:
SLEDGE, n.
1.  A larger heavy hammer; used chiefly by ironsmiths.
2.  In England, a sled; a vehicle moved on runners or on low wheels.  In this sense, the word is not used in America; but the same word is used in a somewhat different sense, and written sleigh.


Topic: Sleek
Definition:
SLEEK, a.  [See Like]
1.  Smooth; having an even smooth surface; whence, glossy; as sleek hair.  So sleek her skin, so faultless was her make.
2.  Not rough or harsh, Those rugged names to our like mouths grow sleek.


Topic: Sleep
Definition:
SLEEP, v.i.  pret.  and pp.  slept.
1.  To take rest by a suspension of the voluntary exercise of the powers of the body and mind.  The proper time to sleep in during the darkness of night.
2.  To rest; to be unemployed; to be inactive or motionless; as, the sword sleeps in its sheath.
3.  To rest; to lie or be still; not to be noticed or agitated.  The question sleeps for the present.
4.  To live thoughtlessly.  We sleep over our happiness.
5.  To be dead; to rest in the grave for a time.  I Thess.  4.
6.  To be careless, inattentive or unconcerned; not be vigilant.
SLEEP, n.  That state of an animal in which the voluntary exertion of his mental and corporeal powers is suspended, and he rests unconscious of what passes around him, and not affected by the ordinary impressions of external objects.  Sleep is generally attended with a relaxation of the muscles, but the involuntary motions, as respiration and the circulation of the blood, are continued.  The mind is often very active in sleep; but its powers not being under the control of reason, its exercises are very irregular.  Sleep is the natural rest or repose intended by the Creator to restore the powers of the body and mind, when exhausted or fatigued.


Topic: Sleeper
Definition:
SLEE'PER, n.  
1.  A person that sleeps; also, a drone or lazy person.
2.  That which lies dormant, as a law not executed.  [Not in use.]
3.  AN animal that lies dormant in winter, as the bear, the marmot, & c.
4.  In building, the oblique rafter that lies in a gutter,
5.  In New England, a floor timber.
6.  In ship-building, a thick piece of timber placed longitudinally in a ship's hold, opposite the several scarfs of the timbers, for strengthening the bows and stern-frame, particularly in the Greenland ships; or a piece of long compass-timber fayed and bolted diagonally upon the transoms.
7.  In the glass trade, a large iron bar crossing the smaller ones, hindering the passage of coals, but leaving room for the ashes.
8.  A platform.
9.  A fish.  [exocatus.]


Topic: Sleepily
Definition:
SLEE'PILY, adv.  
1.  Drowsily; with desire to sleep.
2.  Dully; in a lazy manner; heavily Raleigh
3.  Stupidly.


Topic: Sleepless
Definition:
SLEE'PLESS, a.  
1.  Having no sleep; without sleep; wakeful.
2.  Having no rest; perpetually agitated; as Biscay's sleepless bay.


Topic: Sleepy
Definition:
SLEE'PY, a.  
1.  Drowsy; inclined to sleep.
2.  Not awake.  She wak'd her sleep crew.
3.  Tending to induce sleep; soporiferous; somniferous; as a sleepy drink or potion.


Topic: Sleet
Definition:
SLEET, n.
1.  A fall of hail or snow and rain together, usually in fine particles.
2.  In gunnery, the part of the mortar passing form the chamber to the trunnions for strengthening that part.
SLEET, v.i.  To snow or hail with a mixture of rain.


Topic: Sleeve
Definition:
SLEEVE, 
1.  The part of a garment that is fitted to cover the arm; as the sleeve of a coat or gown.
2.  The raveled sleeve of car, in Shakespeare.  [See Sleave.]


Topic: Sleigh
Definition:
SLEIGH, n.  sla.  [probably allied to sleek.] A vehicle moved on runners, and greatly used in America for transporting persons or goods on snow or ice.  [This  word the English write and pronounce sledge, and apply it to what we calla sled.]


Topic: Sleight
Definition:
SLEIGHT, n.  slite.
1.  An artful trick; sly artifice; a trick or feat so dexterously performed that the manner of performance escapes observation; as sleight of hand.
2.  Dexterous practice; dexterity.


Topic: Slender
Definition:
SLEN'DER, a.  
1.  Thin; small in circumference compared with the length; not thick; as a slender stem or stalk of a plant.
2.  Small in the waist; not thick or gross.  A slender waist is considered as a beauty.
3.  Not strong; small; slight.  Mighty hearts are held in slender chains.
4.  Weak; feeble; as slender hope; slender probabilities; a slender constitution.
5.  Small; inconsiderable; as a man of slender parts.
6.  Small; inadequate; as slender means of support; a slender pittance.
7.  Not amply supplied.  The good Ostorius often deign'd to grace my slender table.
8.  Spare; abstemious; as a slender diet.


Topic: Slenderly
Definition:
SLEN'DERLY, adv.  
1.  Without bulk.
2.  Slightly; meanly; as a debt to be slenderly regarded.
3.  Insufficiently; as a table slenderly supplied.


Topic: Slenderness
Definition:
SLEN'DERNESS, n.  Thinness; smallness of diameter in proportion to the length;  as the slenderness of a hair.
2.  Want of bulk or strength; as the slenderness of a cord or chain.
3.  Weakness; slightness; as the slenderness of a reason.
4.  Weakness; feebleness; as the slenderness of a constitution.
5.  Want of plenty; as the slenderness of supply.
6.  Spareness; as slenderness of diet.


Topic: Slice
Definition:
SLICE, v.t.  
1.  To cut into thin pieces, or to cut off a thin broad piece.
2.  To cut into parts.
3.  To cut; to divide.
SLICE, n.  A thin broad piece cut off; as a slice of bacon; a slice of cheese; a slice of bread.
2.  A broad piece' as a slice of plaster.
3.  A peel; a spatula; an instrument consisting of a broad plate with a handle, used by apothecaries for spreading plaster, & c.
4.  In ship-building, a tapering piece of plank to be driven between the timbers before planking.


Topic: Slide
Definition:
SLIDE, v.i.  pret.  slid; pp.  slid, slidden.
1.  To move along the surface of any body by slipping, or without bounding or rolling; to slip; to glide; as, a sled slides on snow and ice; a snow-slip slides down the mountain's side.
2.  To move along the surface without stepping; as, a man slides on ice.
3.  To pass inadvertently.  Make a door and a bar for thy mouth; beware thou slide not by it.
4.  To pass smoothly along without jerks or agitation; as, a ship or boat slides through the water.
5.  To pass in silent unobserved progression.  Ages shall slide away without perceiving.
6.  To pass silently and gradually from one state to another; as, to slide insensibly into vicious practices, or into the customs of others.
7.  To pass without difficulty or obstruction.  Parts answ'ring parts shall slide into a whole.
8.  To practice sliding or moving on ice.  They bathe in summer and in winter slide.
9.  To slip; to fall.
10.  To pass with an easy, smooth, uninterrupted course or flow.
SLIDE, v.t.
1.  To slip; to pass or put in imperceptibly; as, to slide in a word to vary the sense of a question.
2.  To thrust along; or to thrust by slipping; as, to slide along a piece of timber.
SLIDE, n.
1.  A smooth and easy passage; also, a slider.
2.  Flow; even course.


Topic: Sliding
Definition:
SLI'DING, ppr.  Moving along the surface by slipping; gliding; passing smoothly, easily or imperceptibly.
SLI'DING, n.  Lapse; falling; used in backsliding.


Topic: Sliding-rule
Definition:
SLIDING-RULE, n.  A mathematical instrument used to determine measure or quantity without compasses, by sliding the parts one by another.


Topic: Slight
Definition:
SLIGHT, a.  [It seems that slight belongs to the family of sleek, smooth.]
1.  Weak; inconsiderable; not forcible; as a slight impulse; a slight effort.
2.  Not deep; as a slight impression.
3.  Not violent; as a slight disease, illness or indisposition.
4.  Trifling; of no great importance.  Slight is the subject, but not so the praise.
5.  Not strong; not cogent.  Some firmly embrace doctrines upon slight grounds.
6.  Negligent; not vehement; not done with effort.  The shaking of the head is a gesture of slight refusal.
7.  Not firm or strong; thin; of loose texture; as slight silk.
8.  Foolish; silly; weak in intellect.
SLIGHT, n.  
1.  Neglect; disregard; a moderate degree of contempt manifested negatively by neglect.  It expresses less than contempt, disdain and scorn.
2.  Artifice; dexterity.  [See Sleight.]
SLIGHT, v.t.  
1.  To neglect; to disregard from the consideration that a thing is of little value  and unworthy of notice; as, to slight the divine commands, or the offers of mercy.
2.  To overthrow; to demolish.  [Not used.] 'The rogues slighted me into the river,' in Shakespeare, is not used.


Topic: Slightly
Definition:
SLIGHTLY, adv.  
1.  Weakly; superficially; with inconsiderable force or effect; in a small degree; as a man slightly wounded; an audience slightly affected with preaching.
2.  Negligently; without regard; with moderate contempt.


Topic: Slightness
Definition:
SLIGHTNESS, n.  
1.  Weakness; want of force or strength; superficialness; as the slightness of a wound or an impression.
2.  Negligence; want of attention; want of vehemence.  How does it reproach the slightness of out sleepy heartless addresses!


Topic: Slily
Definition:
SLILY, adv.  [from sly.] With artful or dexterous secrecy.  Satan slily robs us of our grand treasure.


Topic: Slim
Definition:
SLIM, a.  [Ice.] 
1.  Slender; of small diameter or thickness in proportion to the highth; as a slim person; a slim tree.
2.  Weak; slight; unsubstantial.
3.  Worthless.


Topic: Slime
Definition:
SLIME, n.  [L.  limus.] Soft moist earth having an adhesive quality; viscous mud.  The had brick for stone, and slime had they for mortar.  Gen 11.


Topic: Slimy
Definition:
SLI'MY, a.
1.  Abounding with slime; consisting of slime.
2.  Overspread with slime; as a slimy eel.
3.  Viscous; glutinous; as a slimy soil.


Topic: Sling
Definition:
SLING, n.
1.  An instrument for throwing stones, consisting of a strap and two strings; the stone being lodged in the strap, is thrown by losing one of the strings With a sling and a stone David killed Goliath.
2.  A throw; a stroke.
3.  A kind of hanging bandage put round the neck, in which a wounded limb is sustained.
4.  A rope by which a cask or bale is suspended and swung in or out of a ship
5.  A drink composed of equal parts of rum or spirit and water sweetened.
SLING, v.t.  pret.  and pp.  slung.  [The primary sense seems to be to swing.]
1.  To throw with a sling.
2.  To throw; to hurl.
3.  To hang so as to swing; as, to sling a pack.
4.  To move or swing by a rope which suspends the thing.


Topic: Slink
Definition:
SLINK, v.i.  pret.  and pp.  slunk.
1.  To sneak; to creep away meanly; to steal away.  He would pinch the children in the dark, and then slink into a corner.
2.  To miscarry, as a beast.
SLINK, v.t.  To cast prematurely; to miscarry of; as the female of a beast.
SLINK, n.  Produced prematurely, as the young of a beast.


Topic: Slip
Definition:
SLIP, v.i.  [L.  labor, to slide.]
1.  To slide; to glide; to move along the surface of a thing without bounding, rolling or stepping.
2.  To slide; not to tread firmly.  Walk carefully, lest your foot should slip.
3.  TO move or fly out of place; usually without; as, a bone may slip out of its place.
4.  To sneak; to slink; to depart or withdraw secretly; with away.  Thus one tradesman slips away to give his partner fairer play.
5.  To err; to fall into error or fault.  One slippeth in his speech, but not from his heart.
6.  To glide; to pass unexpectedly or imperceptibly.  And thrice the flitting shadow slipp'd away.
7.  To enter by oversight.  An error may slip into a copy, notwithstanding all possible car.
8.  To escape insensibly; to be lost.  Use the most proper methods to retain the ideas you have acquired, for the mind is ready to let many of them slip.


Topic: Slipper
Definition:
SLIP'PER, n.
1.  A kind of shoe consisting of a sole and vamp without quarters, which may be slipped on with ease and worn in undress; a slip-shoe.
2.  A kind of apron for children, to be slipped over their other clothes to keep them clean.
3. A plant.  [L.  crepis.]
4.  A kind of iron slide or lock for the use of a heavy wagon.


Topic: Slipperiness
Definition:
SLIP'PERINESS, n. 
1.  The state or quality of being slippery; lubricity; smoothness; glibness; as the slipperiness of ice or snow; the slipperiness of the tongue.
2.  Uncertainty; want of firm footing.
3.  Lubricity of character.


Topic: Slippery
Definition:
SLIP'PERY, a. 
1.  Smooth; glib; having the quality opposite to adhesiveness; as, oily substances render things slippery.
2.  Not affording firm footing or confidence; as a slippery promise.  The slipp'ry tops of human state.
3.  Not easily held; liable or apt to slip away.  The slipp'ry god will try to loose his hold.
4.  Not standing firm, as slippery standers.
5.  Unstable; changeable; mutable; uncertain; as the slippery state of kings.
6.  Not certain in its effect; as a slippery trick.  
7.  Lubrious; wanton; unchaste.


Topic: Slipstring
Definition:
SLIP'STRING, n.  [slip and string.] One that has shaken off restraint; a prodigal; called also slopthrift, but I believe seldom or never used.


Topic: Slit
Definition:
SLIT, v.t.  pret.  slit; pp.  slot or slitted.
1.  To cut lengthwise; to cut into long pieces or strips; as, to slit iron bard into nail rods.
2.  To cut or make a long fissure; as, to slit the ear or tongue, or the nose.
3.  To cut in general.
4.  To rend; to split.
SLIT, n.
1.  A long cut; or a narrow opening; as a slit in the ear.
2.  A cleft or crack in the breast of cattle.


Topic: Sliver
Definition:
SLIV'ER, v.t.  To cut or divide into long thin pieces, or into very small pieces; to cut or rend lengthwise; as, to sliver wood.


Topic: Sloat
Definition:
SLOAT, n.  [from the root of L. claudo.] A narrow piece of timber which holds together larger pieces; as the sloats of a cart.  [In New England, this is called a slat, as the slats of a chair, cart, & c.]


Topic: Slobber
Definition:
SLOB'BER, and its derivatives, are a different orthography of slabber, the original pronunciation of which was probably slobber.  [See Slabber and Slaver.]


Topic: Sloe-worm
Definition:
SLOW-WORM, SLOE-WORM, n.  An insect found on the leaves of the sloe-tree, which often changes its skin and assumes different colors.  It changes into a four winged fly.


Topic: Sloop
Definition:
SLOOP, n.  A vessel with one mast, the main-sail of which is attached to a gaff above, to a boom below, and to the mast on its foremost edge.  It differs from a cutter by having a fixed steeving bowsprit, and a jib-stay.  Sloops are of various sizes, from the size of a boat to that of more than 100 tons burthen.


Topic: Slop
Definition:
SLOP, v.t.  [probably allied to lap.] To drink greedily and grossly.  [Little used.]
SLOP, n.  [probably allied to slabber.] 
1.  Water carelessly thrown about on a table or floor; a puddle; a soiled spot.
2.  Mean liquor; mean liquid food.
SLOP, n.  Trowsers; a loose lower garment; drawers; hence, ready made clothes.


Topic: Slope
Definition:
SLOPE, a.  [This word contains the elements of L. labor, lapsus, and Eng. slip; also of L. levo. Eng. lift.  I know not whether it originally signified ascending or descending, probably the latter.]  Inclined or inclining form a horizontal direction; forming an angle with the plane of the horizon; as slope hills.  [Little used.]
SLOPE, n. 
1.  An oblique direction; a line or direction inclining from a horizontal line; properly, a direction downwards.
2.  An oblique direction in general; a direction forming an angle with a perpendicular or other right line.
3.  A declivity; any ground whose surface forms an angle with the plane of the horizon; also, an acclivity, as every declivity must be also an acclivity.
SLOPE, v.t.  To form with a slope; to form to declivity or obliquity; to direct obliquely; to incline; as, to slope the ground in a garde; to slope a piece of cloth in cutting a garment.
SLOPE, v.i. To take an oblique direction; to be declivous or inclined.


Topic: Sloping
Definition:
SLO'PING, ppr. 
1.  Taking an inclined direction.
2.  a.  Oblique; declivous; inclining or inclined from a horizontal of other right line.


Topic: Sloth
Definition:
SLOTH, n. 
1.  Slowness; tardiness I abhor this dilatory sloth and tricks of Rome.
2.  Disinclination to action or labor; sluggishness; laziness; idleness.  They change their course to pleasure, ease and sloth.  Sloth, like rust, consumes faster than labor wears.
3.  An animal, so called from the remarkable slowness of his motions.  There are two species of this animal; the ai or three toed sloth, and the unau or two toed sloth; both found in South America.  It is said that its greatest speed seldom exceeds three yard an hour.  it feeds on vegetables and ruminates.
SLOTH, v.i.  To be idle.  [Not in use.] 


Topic: Slothful
Definition:
SLOTH'FUL, a.  Inactive; sluggish; lazy; indolent; idle.  He that is slothful in his work, is brother to him that is a great waster.  Prov. 18.


Topic: Slothfulness
Definition:
SLOTH'FULNESS, n.  The indulgence of sloth; inactivity; the habit of idleness; laziness.  Slothfulness casteth into a deep sleep.  Prov. 19.


Topic: Slottery
Definition:
SLOT'TERY, a.
1.  Squalid; dirty; sluttish untrimmed.  [Not in use.] 
2.  Foul; wet.  [Not in use.] 


Topic: Slouch
Definition:
SLOUCH, n.  [This word probably belongs to the root of lag, slug.]
1.  A hanging down; a depression of the head or of some other part of the body, an ungainly clownish gait.
2.  An awkward, heavy, clownish fellow.
SLOUCH, v.i.  To hang down; to have a down cast clownish look, gait or manner.
SLOUCH, v.t.  To depress; to cause to hang down; as, to slouch the hat.


Topic: Slough
Definition:
SLOUGH, n. slou. 
1.  A place of deep mud or mire; a hole full of mire.
2.  [pron. sluff.] The skin or cast skin of a serpent.  [Its use for the skin in general, in Shakespeare, is not authorized.]
3.  [pron. sluff.] The part that separates from a foul sore.  The dead part which separates from the living in mortification.
SLOUGH, v.i.  sluff.  To separate from the sound flesh; to come off; as the matter over a sore; a term in surgery.


Topic: Sloven
Definition:
SLOVEN, n.  A man careless of his dress, or negligent of cleanliness; a man habitually negligent of neatness and order.


Topic: Slovenliness
Definition:
SLOVENLINESS, n.  [from sloven.] 
1.  Negligence of dress; habitual want of cleanliness.
2.  Neglect of order and neatness.


Topic: Slovenly
Definition:
SLOVENLY, a. 
1.  Negligent of dress or neatness; as a slowenly man.
2.  Loose; disorderly; not neat; as a slovenly dress.


Topic: Slow
Definition:
SLOW, a. 
1.  Moving a small distance in a long time; not swift; not quick in motion; not rapid; as a slow stream; a slow motion.
2.  Late; not happening in short time.  These changes in the heavens though slow, produc'd like change on sea and land, sidereal blast.
3.  Not ready; not prompt or quick; as slow of speech, and slow of tongue.  Ex.  4.
4.  Dull; in active; tardy.  The Trojans are not slow to guard their shore from an expected foe.
5.  Not hasty; not precipitate; acting with deliberation.  The Lord is merciful, slow to anger.  He that is slow the wrath is of great understanding.  Prov.  14.
6.  Dull; heavy in wit.
7.  Behind in time; indicating a time later than the true time; as, the clock or watch is slow.
8.Not advancing, growing or improving rapidly; as the slow growth of arts and sciences.


Topic: Slowly
Definition:
SLOWLY, adv. 
1.  With moderate motion; not rapidly; not with velocity or celerity; as, to walk slowly.
2.  Not soon; not early; not in a little time; not with hasty advance; as a country that rises slowly into importance.
3.  Not hastily; not rashly; not with precipitation; as, he determines slowly.
4.  Not promptly; not readily; as, he learns slowly.
5.  Tardily; with slow progress.  The building proceeds slowly.


Topic: Slowness
Definition:
SLOWNESS, n. 
1.  Moderate motion; want of speed or velocity.  Swifness and slowness are relative ideas.
2.  Tardy advance; moderate progression; as the slowness of an operation; slowness of growth or improvement.
3.  Dullness to admit conviction or affection; as slowness of heart.
4.  Want of readiness or promptness; dullness of intellect.
5.  Deliberation; coolness; caution in deciding.
6.  Dilatoriness; tardiness.


Topic: Slubber
Definition:
SLUB'BER, v.t.  To do lazily, imperfectly or coarsely; to daub; to stain; to cover carelessly.  [Little used and vulgar.]


Topic: Slue
Definition:
SLUE, v.t.  In seamen's language, to turn any thing conical or cylindrical, & c. about its axis without removing it; to turn.


Topic: Slug
Definition:
SLUG, n.  [allied to slack, sluggard.]
1.  A drone; a slow, heavy, lazy fellow.
2.  A hinderance; obstruction.
3.  A kind of snail, very destructive to plants, of the genus Limax.  It is without a shell.
4.  A cylindrical or oval piece of metal, used for the charge of a gun.
SLUG, v.i.  To move slowly; to lie idle.
SLUG, v.t.  To make sluggish.


Topic: Sluggard
Definition:
SLUG'GARD, n.  [from slug and ard, slow kind.] A person habitually lazy, idle and inactive; a drone.
SLUG'GARD, a.  Sluggish; lazy.


Topic: Sluggish
Definition:
SLUG'GISH, a. 
1.  Habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive; as a sluggish man.
2.Slow; having little motion; as a sluggish river or stream.
3.  Inert; inactive; having no power to move itself.  Matter is sluggish and inactive.


Topic: Sluggishness
Definition:
SLUG'GISHNESS, n. 
1.  Natural or habitual indolence or laziness; sloth; dullness; applied to persons.
2.Inertness; want of power to move; applied to inanimate matter.
3.  Slowness; as the sluggishness of a steam.


Topic: Sluice
Definition:
SLUICE, SLUSE, n.  [L. claudo, clausi, clausus; Low L.  exclusa. The most correct orthography is sluse.]
1.  The stream of water issuing through a flood-gate; or the gate itself.  If the word had its origin in shutting; it denoted the frame of boards or planks which closes the opening of a mill dam; but I believe it is applied to the stream, the gate and channel.  It is a common saying, that a rapid stream runs like a sluse.
2.  An opening; a source of supply; that through which any thing flows.  Each sluice of affluent fortune open'd soon.


Topic: Sluicy
Definition:
SLUICY,SLU'SY, a.  Falling in streams as from a sluice.  And oft whole sheets descent of sluicy rain.


Topic: Slumber
Definition:
SLUM'BER, v.i. 
1.  To sleep lightly; to doze.  He that keepth Israel shall neither slumber nor sleep.  Ps.  121.
2.  To sleep.  Slumber is used as synonymous with sleep, particularly in the poetic and eloquent style.
3.  To be in a state of negligence, sloth, supineness or inactivity.  Why slumbers Pope?


Topic: Slumbery
Definition:
SLUM'BEROUS, SLUM'BERY, a. 
1.  Inviting or causing sleep; soporiferous.  While pensive in the slumberous shade
2.  Sleep; not waking.


Topic: Slump
Definition:
SLUMP, v.i.  To fall or sink suddenly into water or mud, when walking on a hard surface, as on ice or frozed ground, not strong enough to bear the person.  [This legitimate word is in common and respectable use in New England, and its signification is so approriate that no onther word wil supply its place.]


Topic: Slur
Definition:
SLUR, v.t. 
1.  To soil; to sully; to contaminate; to disgrace.
2.  To pass lightly; to conceal.  With periods, points and tropes he slurs his crimes.
3.  To cheat; to trick.  [Unusual.]
4.  In music, to sing or perform in a smooth gliding style.
SLUR, n.  
1.  Properly, a black mark; hence, slight reproach or disgrace.  Every violation of moral duty should be a slur to the reputation.
2.  In music, a mark connecting noest that are to be sung to the same syllable, or made in one continued breath of a wind instrument, or with one stoke of a stringed instrument.


Topic: Slut
Definition:
SLUT, n.
1.  A woman who is negligent of cleanliness, and who suffers her person, clothes, funiture, &c., to be dirty or in disorder.
2.  A name of slight contempt for a woman.


Topic: Sluttery
Definition:
SLUT'TERY, n.  The qualities of a slut; more generally, the practice of a slut; neglect of cleanliness and order; dirtiness of clothes, rooms, furniture or provisions.


Topic: Sluttish
Definition:
SLUT'TISH, a.  
1.  Not neat or cleanly; dirty; careless of dress and neatness; disorderly; as a sluttish woman.
2.  Disorderly; dirty; as a sluttish dress.
3.  Meretricious.  [Little used.]


Topic: Sluttishness
Definition:
SLUT'TISHNESS, n.  The qualities or practice of a slut; negligence of dress; dirtiness of dress, furniture and in domestic affairs generally.


Topic: Sly
Definition:
SLY, a.
1.  Artfully dextrous in performing things secretly, and escaping observation or detection; usually implying some degree of meanness; artfully cunning; applied to persons; as a sly man or boy.
2.  Done with artful and dextrous secrecy; as a sly trick.
3.  Marked with artful secrecy; as sly circumspection.
4.  Secret; concealed.  Envy works in a sly imperceptible manner.


Topic: Smack
Definition:
SMACK, v.i.  [The primary sense is to throw, to strike, whence to touch or taste;]
1.  To kiss with a close compression of the lips, so as to make a sound when they separate; to kiss with violence.
2.  To make a noise by the separation of the lips after tasting any thing.
3.  To have a taste; to be tinctured with any particular taste.
4.  To have a tincture or quality infused.  All sects, all ages smack of this vice.


Topic: Small
Definition:
SMALL, a.  
1.  Slender; thin; fine; of little diameter; hence in general, litte in size or quantity; not great; as a small house; a small horse; a small farm; a small body; small particles.
2.  Minute; slender; fine; as a small voice.
3.  Little in degree; as small improvement; small acquirements; the trouble is small.  Ther arose no small stir about that way.  Acts 9.
4.  Being of little moment, weight  or importance; as, it is a small matter or thing; a small subject.
5.  Of little genius or ability; petty; as a small poet or musician.
6.  Short; containing little; as a small essay.
7.  Little in amount; as a small sum; a small price.
8.  Containing little of the principal quality, or little strenghth; weak; as small beer.
9.  Gentle; soft; not loud.  I Kings 19.
10.  Mean; base; unworthy.
SMALL, n.  The small or slender part of a thing; as the small of the leg or of the back.
SMALL, v.t.  To make little or less.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Small-craft
Definition:
SMALL-CR'AFT, n.  [small and craft.]  A vessel, or vessels in general, of a small size, or below the size of ships and bigs intended for foreign trade.


Topic: Small-pox
Definition:
SMALL-POX', n.  [small and pox, pocks.] A very contagious disease, characterized by an eruprion of pustules on the skin; the variolous disease.


Topic: Smallness
Definition:
SMALL'NESS, n.  Littleness of size or extent; littleness of quantity; as the smallness of a fly or of a horse; the smallness of a hill.
2.  Littleness in degree; as the smallness of trouble or pain.
3.  Littleness in force or strength; weakness; as smallness of mind or intellectual powers.
4.  Fineness; softness; melodiousness; as the smallness of a female voice.
5.  Littleness in amount of value; as the smallness of a sum.
6.  Littleness  of importance; inconsideratbleness; as the smallness of an affair.


Topic: Smaragdine
Definition:
SMARAG'DINE, a.  [L. Smaragdinus.] Pertaining to emerald; consisting of emerald, or resembling it; of an emerald green.


Topic: Smart
Definition:
SM'ART, n.  [This word is probably formed on the root of L. amarus, bitter, that is, sharp.]
1.  Quick, pungent, lively pain; a pricking local pain, as the pain from puncture by nettles; as the smart of bodily punishment.  
2.  Severe pungent pain of mind; pungent grief; as the smart of affliction.
SM'ART, v.i. 
1.  To feel a lively pungent pain, particularly a pungent local pain from some piercing or irritating application.  Thus Cayeene pepper applied to the tongue makes it smart.
2.  To feel a pungent pain of mind; to feel sharp pain; as, to smart under sufferings.
3.  To be punished; to bear penalties or the evil consequences of any thing.  He that is surety for a stranger shall smart for it.  Prov. 11.
SM'ART, a.
1.  Pungent; pricking; causing a keen local pain; as a smart lash or stroke; a smart quality or taste.
2.  Keen; severe; poignant; as smart pain or sufferings.
3.  Quick; vigorous; sharp; severe; as a smart skirmish.
4.  Brisk; fresh; as a smart breeze.
5.  Acute and pertinent; witty; as a smart reply; a smart saying.
6.  Brisk; vivacious; as a smart rhetorician.  Who, for the poor renown of being smart, would leave a sting within a brother's heart?
SM'ART, n.  A cant word for a fellow that affects briskness and vivacity.


Topic: Smartly
Definition:
SM'ARTLY, adv. 
1.  With keen pain; as, to ake smartly.
2.  Briskly; sharply; wittily.
3.  Vigorously; actively.


Topic: Smartness
Definition:
SM'ARTNESS, n.  
1.  The quality of being smart or pungent; poignancy; as the smartness of pain.
2.  Quickness; vigor; as the smartness of a blow.
3.  Liveliness; briskness; vivacity; wittiness; as the smartness of a reply or of a phrase.


Topic: Smash
Definition:
SMASH, v.t.  [probably mash, with a prefix.] To break in pieces by violence; to dash to pieces; to crush.  Here every thing is broken and smashed to pieces.  [Vulgar.]


Topic: Smatter
Definition:
SMAT'TER, v.i.  [It contains the elements of mutter.]
1.  To talk superficially or ignorantly.  Of state affairs you cannot smatter.
2.  To have a slight taste, or a slight superficial knowledge.
SMAT'TER, n.  Slight superficial knowledge.


Topic: Smear
Definition:
SMEAR, v.t.
1.  To overspread with any thing unctuous, viscous or adhesive; to besmear; to daub; as, to smear any thing with oil, butter, pitch, &c.
2.  To soil; to contaminate; to pollute; as smeared with infamy.
SMEAR, n.  A fat oily substance; ointment.  [Little used.]


Topic: Smectite
Definition:
SMEC'TITE, n.  An argillaceous earth; so called from its property of taking grease out of cloth, &c.


Topic: Smell
Definition:
SMELL, v.t. pret and pp. smelled, smelt.  [I have not found this word in any other language.] TO perceive by the nose, or by the olfactory nerves; to have a sensation excited in certain organs of the nose by particular qualities of a body, which are transmitted in fine particles, often form a distance; as, to smell a rose; to smell perfumes.


Topic: Smellfeast
Definition:
SMELL'FEAST, n.  [smell and feast.]  One that is apt to find and frequent good tables; an epicure; a parasite.


Topic: Smelting
Definition:
SMELT'ING, ppr.  Melting, as ore.
SMELT'ING, n.  The operation of melting ores for the purpose of extracting the metal.


Topic: Smerk
Definition:
SMERK, n.  An affected smile.
SMERK, a.  Nice; smart; janty.  So smerk, so smooth he prick'd his ears.


Topic: Smile
Definition:
SMILE, v.i. 
1.  To contract the features of the face in such a manner as to express pleasure, moderate joy, or love and kindness; the contrary to frown.  The smiling infant in his hand shall take the crested basilisk and speckled snake.  She smil'd to see the doughty hero slain.
2.  To express slight contempt by a smiling liik, implying sarcasm or pity; to sneer.  'Twas what I said to Craggs and Child, who prais'd my modesty, and smil'd.
3.  To look gay and joyous; or to have an appearance to excite joy; as smiling spring; smiling plenty.  The desert smil'd, and paradise was open'd in the wild.
4.  To be propitious or favorable; to favor; to countenance. May heaven smile on out labors.
SMILE, v.t. To awe with a contemptuous smile.
SMILE, n, 
1.  A peculiar contraction of the features of the face, which naturally expresses pleasure, moderate joy, approbation or kindness; opposed to frown.  Sweet intercourse of looks and smiles.
2.  Gay or joyous appearance; as the smiles of spring.
3.  Favor; countenance; propitiousness; as the smiles of providence.


Topic: Smirch
Definition:
SMIRCH, v.t. smerch.  [from murk, murky.] To cloud; to dusk; to soil; as, to smirch the face.  [Low.]


Topic: Smite
Definition:
SMITE, v.t. pret. smote; pp. smitten, smil.  [This verb is the L. mitto.]
1.  To strike; to throw, drive or force against, as the fist or hand, a stone or a weapon; to reach with a blow or a weapon; as, to smite one with the fist; to smite with a rod or with a stone.  Whoever shall smite thee on the right cheek, turn to him the other also.  Matt. 5.
2.  To kill; to destroy the life of by beating or by weapons of any kind; as, to smite one with the sword, or with an arrow or other engine.  David smote Goliath with a sling and a stone.  The Philistines were often smitten with great slaughter.  [This word, like slay, usually or always signification, that of beating, striking, the primitive mode of killing.  We never apply it to the destruction of life by poison, by accident or by legal execution.]
3.  To blast; to destroy life; as by a stroke or by something sent.  The flax and the barley were smitten.  Ex. 9.
4.  To afflict; to chasten; to punish.  Let us not mistake God's goodness, nor imagine, because he smites us, that we are forsaken by him.
5.  To strike or affect with passion.  See what the charms that smite the simple heart.  Smit with the love of sister arts we came.


Topic: Smith
Definition:
SMITH, n. 
1.  Literally, the striker, the beater; hence, one who forges with the hammer; one who works in metals; as an iron-smith; gold-smith; silver-smith, &c.  Nor yet the smith hath learn'd to form a sword.
2.  He that makes or effects any thing.
Hence the name Smith, which, from the number of workmen employed in working metals in early ages, is supposed to be more common than any other.
SMITH, v.t.  To beat into shape; to forge.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Smitten
Definition:
SMITTEN, pp. of smite, smit'n.
1.  Struck; killed.
2.  Affected with some passion; excited by beauty or someting impressive.


Topic: Smock
Definition:
SMOCK, n. 
1.  A shift; a chemise; a woman's under garment.
2.  In composition, it is used for female, or what relates to women; as smock-treason.


Topic: Smoke
Definition:
SMOKE, n.
1.  The exhalation, visble vapor or substance that escapes or is expelled in combustion from the substance burning.  It is paricularly applied to the volatile matter expelled from vegetable matter, or wood coal, peat, &c.  The matter expelled from metallic substances is more generally called fume,fumes.
2.  Vapor; water exhalations.
SMOKE, v.i.
1.  To emit smoke; to throw off volatile matter in the form of vapor or exhalation.  Wood and other fuel smokes when burning; amd smokes most when there is the least flame.
2.  To burn; to be kindled; to rage; in Scripture.  The anger of the Lord and his jealousy snall smoke against that man. Deut. 29.
3.  To raise a dust or smoke by rapid motion.  Proud of his steeds, be smokes along the field.
4.  To smell or hunt out; to suspect.  I began to smoke that they were a parcel of mummers. [Little used.]
5.  To use tobacco in a pipe or cigar, by kindling the tobacco, drawing the smoke into the mouth and puffing it out.
6.  TO suffer; to be punished.  Some of you shall smoke for it in Rome.


Topic: Smoke-jack
Definition:
SMO'KE-JACK, n. An engine for turning a spit by means of a fly or wheel turned by the current of ascending air in a chimney.


Topic: Smoker
Definition:
SMO'KER, a. 
1.  One that dries by smoke.
2.  One that used tobacco by burning it in a pipe or in the form of a cigar.


Topic: Smoking
Definition:
SMO'KING, ppr. 
1.  Emitting smoke, as fuel, &c.
2.  Applying smoke for cleansing, drying, &c.
3.  Using tobacco in a pipe or cigar.


Topic: Smoky
Definition:
SMO'KY, a. 
1.  Emitting smoke; fumid; as smoky fires.
2.  Having the appearance or nature of smoke; as a smoky fog.
3.  Filled with smoke, or with a vapor resembling it; thick.  New England in autumn frequently has a smoky atmosphere.
4. Subject to be filled with smoke from the chimneys or fire-places; as a smoky house.
5. Tarnished with smoke; noisome with smoke; as smoky rafters; smoky cells.


