# Dictionary

Topic: Reship
Definition:
RESHIP', v.t.  [re and ship.]  To ship again; to ship what has been conveyed by water or imported; as coffee and sugar imported into New York, and reshipped for Hamburg.


Topic: Reshipment
Definition:
RESHIP'MENT, n.  
1.  the act of shipping or loading on board of a ship a second time; the shipping for exportation what has been imported.
2.  That which is reshipped.


Topic: Reside
Definition:
RESI'DE,  v.i.  s as z.  [L. resideo, resido; re and sedeo, to sit, to settle.]
1.  to dwell permanently or for a length of time; to have a settled abode for a time.  the peculiar uses of this word are to be noticed.  When the word is appliced to the natives of a state, or others who dwell in it as permanent citizens, we use it only with reference to the part of a city or country in which a man dwells.  We do not say generally that Englishmen reside in England, but a particular citizen resides in London or York, or at such a house in such a street, in the Strand, &c.
When the word is applied to strangers or travelers, we do not say, a man resides in an inn for a night, but he resided in London or Oxford a month, or a year; or part of his life.  A man lodges, stays, remains, abides, for a day or very short time, but reside implies a longer time, though not definite.
2.  To sink to the bottom of liquors; to settle.  Obs.
[In this sense, subside is now used.]


Topic: Residence
Definition:
RES'IDENCE, n.  
1.  The act of abiding or dwelling in a place for some continuance of time; as the residence of an American in France or Italy for a year.
The confessor had often made considerable residences in Normandy.
2.  The place of abode; a dwelling; a habitation.
Caprea had been - the residence of Tiberius for several years.
3.  That which falls to the bottom of liquors.  Obs.
4.  In the canon and common law, the abode of a person or incumbent on his benefice; opposed to non-residence.


Topic: Resident
Definition:
RES'IDENT, a.  [L. residens.]
Dwelling or having an abode in a place for a continuance of time, but not definite; as a minister resident at the court of St. James.  A B is now resident in South America.
RES'IDENT, n.  
1.  One who resides or dwells in a place for some time.  A B is now a resident in London.
2.  A public minister who resides at a foreign court.  It is usually applied to ministers of a rank inferior to that of embassadors.


Topic: Residentiary
Definition:
RESIDEN'TIARY, a.  Having residence.
RESIDEN'TIARY, n.  An ecclesiastic who keeps a certain residence.


Topic: Residuary
Definition:
RESID'UARY, a.  [L. residuus.  See Reside.]
Pertaining to the residue or part remaining; as the residuary advantage of an estate.
Residuary legatee, in law, the legatee to whom is bequeathed the part of goods and estate which remains after deducting all the debts and specific legacies.


Topic: Residue
Definition:
RES'IDUE, n.  [L. residuus.]
1.  That which remains after a part is taken, separated, removed or designated.
The locusts shall eat the residue of that which has escaped.  Ex. 10.
The residue of them will I deliver to the sword.  Jer. 15.
2.  The balance or remainder of a debt or account.


Topic: Residuum
Definition:
RESID'UUM, n.  [L.]
1.  Residue; that which is left after any process of separation or purification.
2.  In law, the part of an estate or of goods and chattels remaining after the payment of debts and legacies.


Topic: Resign
Definition:
RESIGN, v.t.  rezi'ne.  [L. resigno; re and signo, to sign.  The radical sense of sign is to send, to drive, hence to set.  To resign is to send, to drive, hence to set.  To resign is to send back or send away.]
1.  To give up; to give back, as an office or commission, to the person or authority that conferred it; hence, to surrender an office or charge in a formal manner; as, a military officer resigns his commission; a prince resigns his crown.
Phoebus resigns his darts, and Jove his thunder, to the god of love.
2.  To withdraw, as a claim.  He resigns all pretensions to skill.
3.  To yield; as, to resign the judgment to the direction of others.
4.  To yield or give up in confidence.
What more reasonable, than that we should in all things resign ourselves to the will of God?
5.  To submit, particularly to Providence.
A firm, yet cautious mind; sincere, though prudent; constant, yet resign'd.
6.  To submit without resistance or murmur.


Topic: Resignation
Definition:
RESIGNA'TION, n.  
1.  The act of resigning or giving up, as a claim or possession; as the resignation of a crown or commission.
2.  Submission; unresisting acquiescence; as a blind resignation to the authority of other men's opinions.
3.  Quiet submission to the will of Providence; submission without discontent, and with entire acquiescence in the divine dispensations.  This is christian resignation.


Topic: Resin
Definition:
RES'IN,n. s as z.  [L., Gr. to flow.]
An inflammable substance, hard when cool, but viscid when heated, exuding in a fluid state from certain kinds of trees, as pine, either spontaneously or by incision.  Resins are soluble in oils and alcohol, and are said to be nothing but oils concreted by combination with oxygen.  Resins differ from gums, which are vegetable mucilage; and they are less sweet and odorous than balsams.


Topic: Resiniferous
Definition:
RESINIF'EROUS, a.  [L. resina and fero, to produce.]
Yielding resin; as a resiniferous tree or vessels.


Topic: Resino-electric
Definition:
RESINO-ELEC'TRIC, a.  Containing or exhibiting negative electricity, or that kind which is produced by the friction of resinous substances.


Topic: Resinous
Definition:
RES'INOUS, a.  Partaking of the qualities of resin; like resin.  Resinous substances are combustible.
Resinous electricity, is that electricity which is excited by rubbing bodies of the resinous kind.  This is generally negative.


Topic: Resipiscence
Definition:
RESIPIS'CENCE, n.  [L. resipisco, from resipio; re and sapio, to taste.]
Properly, wisdom derived from severe experience; hence, repentance.  [Little used.]


Topic: Resist
Definition:
RESIST, v.t.  rezist'.  [L. resisto; re and sisto, to stand.]
1.  Literally, to stand against; to withstand; hence, to act in opposition, or to oppose.  a dam or mound resists a current of water passively, by standing unmoved and interrupting its progress.  An army resists the progress of an enemy actively, by encountering and defeating it.  We resist measures by argument or remonstrance.
Why doth he yet find fault? for who hath resisted his will?  Rom. 9.
2.  To strive against; to endeavor to counteract, defeat or frustrate.
Ye do always resist the Holy Spirit.  Act. 7.
3.  To baffle; to disappoint.
God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace to the humble.  James 4.


Topic: Resistance
Definition:
RESIST'ANCE, n. 
1.  The act of resisting; opposition.  Resistance is passive, as that of a fixed body which interrupts the passage of a moving body; or active, as in the exertion of force to stop, repel or defeat progress or designs.
2.  The quality of not yielding to force or external impression; that power of a body which acts in opposition to the impulse or pressure of another, or which prevents the effect of another power; as the resistance of a ball which receives the force of another; the resistance of wood to a cutting instrument; the resistance of air to the motion of a cannon ball, or of water to the motion of a ship.


Topic: Resistibility
Definition:
RESISTIBIL'ITY, n.  
1.  The quality of resisting.
The name body, being the complex idea of extension and resistibility together in the same subject -
2.  Quality of being resistible; as the resistibility of grace.


Topic: Resisting
Definition:
RESIST'ING, ppr.  withstanding; opposing.  
Resisting medium, a substance which opposes the passage of a body through it.


Topic: Resistless
Definition:
RESIST'LESS, a.  
1.  That cannot be effectually opposed or withstood; irresistible.
Resistless in her love as in her hate.
2.  That cannot resist; helpless.


Topic: Resoluble
Definition:
RES'OLUBLE, a.  s as z.  [re and L. solubilis.  See Resolve.]
That may be melted or dissolved; as bodies resoluble by fire.


Topic: Resolute
Definition:
RES'OLUTE, a.  [The Latin resolutus has a different signification.  See Resolve.]
Having a fixed purpose; determined; hence, bold; firm; steady; constant in pursuing a purpose.
Edward is at hand, ready to fight; therefore be resolute.


Topic: Resolutely
Definition:
RES'OLUTELY, adv.
1.  With fixed purpose; firmly; steadily; with steady perseverance.  Persist resolutely in a course of virtue.
2.  Boldly; firmly.
Some of these facts he examines, some be resolutely denies.


Topic: Resolution
Definition:
RESOLU'TION, n.  [L. resolutio.  See Resolve.]
1.  The act, operation or process of separating the parts which compose a complex idea or a mixed body; the act of reducing any compound or combination to its component parts; analysis; as the resolution of complex ideas; the resolution of any material substance by chimical operations.
2.  The act or process of unraveling or disentangling perplexities, or of dissipating obscurity in moral subjects; as the resolution of difficult questions in moral science.
3.  Dissolution; the natural process of separating the component parts of bodies.
4.  In music, the resolution of a dissonance, is the carrying of it, according to rule, into a consonance in the subsequent chord.
5.  In medicine, the disappearing of any tumor without coming to suppuration; the dispersing of inflammation.
6.  Fixed purpose or determination of mind; as a resolution to reform our lives; a resolution to undertake an expedition.
7.  The effect of fixed purpose; firmness, steadiness or constancy in execution, implying courage.
They who governed the parliament, had the resolution to act those monstrous things.
8.  Determination of a cause in a court of justice; as a judicial resolution.
[But this word is now seldom used to express the decision of a judicial tribunal.  We use judgment, decision or decree.]
9.  The determination or decision of a legislative body, or a formal proposition offered for legislative determination.  We call that a resolution, which is reduced to form and offered to a legislative house for consideration, and we call it a resolution when adopted.  We say, a member moved certain resolutions; the house proceeded to consider the resolutions offered; they adopted or rejected the resolutions.
10.  The formal determination of any corporate body, or of any association of individuals; as the resolutions of a town or other meeting.
11.  In algebra, the resolution of an equation, is the same as reduction; the bringing of the unknown quantity by itself on one side, and all the known quantities on the other, without destroying the equation, by which is found the value of the unknown quantity.
12.  Relaxation; a weakening.  Obs.


Topic: Resolve
Definition:
RESOLVE, v.t.  rezolv'.  [L. resolvo; re and solvo, to loose.]
1.  To separate the component parts of a compound substance; to reduce to first principles; as, to resolve a body into its component or constituent parts; to resolve a body into its elements.
2.  To separate the parts of a complex idea; to reduce to simple parts; to analyze.
3.  To separate the parts of a complicated question; to unravel; to disentangle of perplexities; to remove obscurity by analysis; to clear of difficulties; to explain; as, to resolve questions in moral science; to resolve doubts; to resolve a riddle.
4.  To inform to free from doubt or perplexity; as, to resolve the conscience.
Resolve me, stranger, whence and what you are?
5.  To settle in an opinion; to make certain.  
Long since we were resolv'd of your truth, your faithful service and your toil in war.
6.  To confirm; to fix in constancy.
Quit presently the chapel, or resolve you for more amazement.  [Unusual.]
7.  To melt; to dissolve.
8.  To form or constitute by resolution, vote or determination; as, the house resolved itself into a committee of the whole.
9.  In music, to resolve a discord or dissonance, is to carry it, according to rule, into a consonance in the subsequent chord.
10.  In medicine, to disperse or scatter; to discuss; as inflammation or a tumor.
11.  To relax; to lay at ease.
12.  In algebra, to resolve an equation, is to bring all the known quantities to one side of the equation, and the unknown quantity to the other.
RESOLVE, v.i.  rezolv'.
1.  To fix in opinion or purpose; to determine in mind.  He resolved to abandon his vicious course of life.
2.  To determine by vote.  The legislature resolved to receive no petitions after a certain day.
3.  To melt; to dissolve; to become fluid.
When the blood stagnates in any part, it first coagulates, then resolves and turns alkaline.
4.  To separate into its component parts, or into distinct principles; as, water resolves into vapor; a substance resolves into gas.
5.  To be settled in opinion.
Let men resolve of that as they please.  [Unusual.]
RESOLVE, n. rezolv'.
1.  Fixed purpose of mind; settled determination; resolution.
He strait revokes his bold resolve.
2.  Legal or official determination; legislative act concerning a private person or corporation, or concerning some private business.  Public acts of a legislature respect the state, and to give them validity, the bills for such acts must pass through all the legislative forms.  Resolves are usually private acts, and are often passed with less formality.  Resolves may also be the acts of a single branch of the legislature; whereas public acts must be passed by a majority of both branches.
3.  The determination of any corporation or association; resolution.


Topic: Resolved
Definition:
RESOLV'ED, pp.
1.  Separated into its component parts; analyzed.
2.  Determined in purpose; as, I am resolved not to keep company with gamesters.  This phrase is properly, 'I have resolved;' as we say, a person is deceased, or has deceased; he is retired, or has retired.  In these phrases, the participle is rather an adjective.
3.  Determined officially or by vote.


Topic: Resolvent
Definition:
RESOLV'ENT, n.  That which has the power of causing solution.  In medicine, that which has power to disperse inflammation and prevent the suppuration of tumors; a discutient.


Topic: Resolving
Definition:
RESOLV'ING, ppr.  Separating into component parts; analyzing; removing perplexities or obscurity; discussing, as tumors; determining.
RESOLV'ING, n.  The act of determining or forming a fixed purpose; a resolution.


Topic: Resonance
Definition:
RES'ONANCE, n.  s as z.  [L. resonans.]  
1.  A resounding; a sound returned from the sides of a hollow instrument of music; reverberated sound or sounds.
2.  A sound returned.


Topic: Resort
Definition:
RESORT', v.i. s as z.
1.  To have recourse; to apply; to betake.
The king thought it time to resort to other counsels.
2.  To go; to repair.
The people resort to him again.  Mark 10.  John 18.
3.  To fall back.
The inheritance of the son never resorted to the mother.  Obs.
RESORT', n. 
1.  The act of going to or making application; a betaking one's self; as a resort to other means of defense; a resort to subterfuges for evasion.
2.  Act of visiting.
Join with me to forbid him her resort.
3.  Assembly; meeting.
4.  Concourse; frequent assembling; as a place of resort.
5.  The place frequented; as, alehouses are the resorts of the idle and dissolute.
6.  Spring; active power or movement; a Gallicism.  [Not in use.]
Last resort, ultimate means of relief; also, final tribunal; that from which there is no appeal.


Topic: Resound
Definition:
RESOUND', v.t.  s as z.  [L. resono; re and sono, to sound.]  
1.  To send back sound; to echo.
And Albion's cliffs resound the rural lay.
2.  To sound; to praise or celebrate with the voice or the sound of instruments.
3.  To praise; to extol with sounds; to spread the fame of.
The man for wisdom;s various arts renown'd, long exercis'd in woes, O muse, resound.
RESOUND', v.i. 
1.  To be echoed; to be sent back, as sound; as, common fame resounds back to them.
2.  To be much and loudly mentioned.


Topic: Resource
Definition:
RESOURCE, n.  
1.  Any source of aid or support; an expedient to which a person may resort for assistance, safety or supply; means yet untried; resort.  An enterprising man finds resources in his own mind.
Pallas view'd his foes pursuing and his friends pursu'd, used threat'nings mix'd with prayers, his last resource.
2.  Resources, in the plural, pecuniary means; funds; money or any property that can be converted into supplies; means of raising money or supplies.  Our national resources for carrying on war are abundant.  Commerce and manufactures furnish ample resources.


Topic: Respeak
Definition:
RESPE'AK, v.t. pret. respoke; pp. respoken, respoke.  [re and speak.
1.  To answer; to speak in return; to reply.  [Little used.]
2.  To speak again; to repeat.


Topic: Respect
Definition:
RESPECT', v.t.  [L. respecto, or respectus, from respicio; re and specio, to view.]
1.  To regard; to have regard to in design or purpose.
In orchards and gardens, we do not so much respect beauty, as variety of ground for fruits, trees and herbs.
2.  To have regard to, in relation or connection; to relate to.  The treaty particularly respects our commerce.
3.  To view or consider with some degree of reverence; to esteem as possessed of real worth.
I always loved and respected Sir William.
4.  To look towards.
Palladius adviseth the front of his house should so respect the south.  [Not in use.]
To respect the person, to suffer the opinion or judgment to be influenced or biased by a regard to the outward circumstances of a person, to the prejudice of right and equity.
Thou shalt not respect the person of the poor.  Lev. 19.
Neither doth God respect any person.  2Sam. 14.
RESPECT', n.  [L. respectus.]
1.  Regard; attention.
2.  That estimation or honor in which men hold the distinguished worth or substantial good qualities of others.  It expresses less than reverence and veneration, which regard elders and superiors; whereas respect may regard juniors and inferiors.
Respect regards the qualities of the mind, or the actions which characterize those qualities.
Seen without awe, and serv'd without respect.
3.  That deportment or course of action which proceeds from esteem; regard; due attention; as, to treat a person with respect.
These same men treat the sabbath with little respect.
4.  Good will; favor.
The Lord had respect to Abel and his offering.  Gen. 4.
5.  Partial regard; undue bias to the prejudice of justice; as the phrase, respect of persons.  1Peter 1.  James 2.  Prov. 24.
6.  Respected character; as persons of the best respect in Rome.
7.  Consideration; motive in reference to something.
Whatever secret respects were likely to move them -
8.  Relation; regard; reference; followed by of, but more properly by to.
They believed but one Supreme Deity, which, with respect to the benefits men received from him, had several titles.


Topic: Respectability
Definition:
RESPECTABIL'ITY, n.  State or quality of being respectable; the state or qualities which deserve or command respect.


Topic: Respectable
Definition:
RESPECT'ABLE, a.  
1.  Possessing the worth or qualities which deserve or command respect; worth of esteem and honor; as a respectable citizen; respectable company.
No government, any more than an individual, will long be respected, without being truly respectable.
2.  In popular language, this word is much used to express what is moderate in degree of excellence on in number, but not despicable.  We say, a respectable discourse or performance, a respectable audience, a respectable number of citizens convened.


Topic: Respectably
Definition:
RESPECT'ABLY, adv.
1.  With respect; more generally, in a manner to merit respect.
2.  Moderately, but in a manner not to be despised.


Topic: Respecter
Definition:
RESPECT'ER, n.  One that respects; chiefly used in the phrase, respecter of persons, which signifies a person who regards the external circumstances of others in his judgment, and suffers his opinion to be biased by them, to the prejudice of candor, justice and equity.
I perceive that God is no respecter of persons.  Acts. 10.


Topic: Respectful
Definition:
RESPECT'FUL, a.  Marked or characterized by respect; as respectful deportment.
With humble joy and with respectful fear.


Topic: Respecting
Definition:
RESPECT'ING, ppr.  Regarding; having regard to; relating to.  This word, like concerning, has reference to a single word or to a sentence.  In the sentence, 'his conduct respecting us is commendable,' respecting has reference to conduct.  But when we say, 'respecting a further appropriation of money, it is to be observed, that the resources of the country are inadequate,'  respecting has reference to the whole subsequent clause or sentence.


Topic: Respective
Definition:
RESPECT'IVE, a.  
1.  Relative; having relation to something else; not absolute; as the respective connections of society.
2.  Particular; relating to a particular person or thing.  Let each man retire to his respective place of abode.  The officers were found in their respective quarters; they appeared at the head of their respective regiments.  Let each give according to his respective proportion.
3.  Worthy of respect.  [Not in use.]
4.  Careful; circumspect; cautious; attentive to consequences; as respective and wary men.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Respectively
Definition:
RESPECT'IVELY, adv.
1.  As relating to each; particularly; as each belongs to each.  Let each man respectively perform his duty.
The impressions from the objects of the senses do mingle respectively every one with its kind.
2.  Relatively; not absolutely.
3.  Partially; with respect to private views.  Obs.
4.  With respect.  Obs.


Topic: Resperse
Definition:
RESPERSE, v.t.  respers'.  [L. respersus, respergo; re and spargo, to sprinkle.]  To sprinkle.  [Rarely used.]


Topic: Respirable
Definition:
RES'PIRABLE, a.  [from respire.]  That may be breathed; fit for respiration or for the support of animal life; as respirable air.  Azotic gas is not respirable.


Topic: Respiration
Definition:
RESPIRA'TION, n.  [L. respiratio.]
1.  The act of breathing; the act of inhaling air into the lungs and again exhaling or expelling it, by which animal life is supported.  The respiration of fishes, [for these cannot live long without air,] appears to be performed by the air contained in the water acting on the gills.
2.  Relief from toil.


Topic: Respire
Definition:
RESPI'RE, v.i.  [L. respiro; re and spiro, to breathe.]
1.  To breathe; to inhale air into the lungs and exhale it, for the purpose of maintaining animal life.
2.  To catch breath.
3.  To rest; to take rest from toil.
RESPI'RE, v.t.  To exhale; to breathe out; to send out in exhalations.


Topic: Respit
Definition:
RES'PIT, n.  
1.  Pause; temporary intermission of labor, or of any process or operation; interval of rest.
Some pause and respit only I require.
2.  In law, reprieve; temporary suspension of the execution of a capital offender.
3.  Delay; forbearance; prolongation of time for the payment of a debt beyond the legal time.
4.  The delay of appearance at court granted to a jury, beyond the proper term.
RES'PIT, v.t.
1.  To relieve by a pause or interval of rest.
To respit his day-labor with repast.
2.  To suspend the execution of a criminal beyond the time limited by the sentence; to delay for a time.
3.  To give delay of appearance at court; as, to respit a jury.


Topic: Resplendent
Definition:
RESPLEN'DENT, a.  [supra.]  Very bright; shining with brilliant luster.
With royal arras and resplendent gold.


Topic: Respond
Definition:
RESPOND', v.i.  [L. respondeo; re and spondeo, to promise, that is, to sent to.  Hence respondeo is to send back.]
1.  To answer; to reply.
A new affliction strings a new chord in the heart, which responds to some new note of complaint within the wide scale of human woe.
2.  To correspond; to suit.
To every theme responds thy various lay.
3.  To be answerable; to be liable to make payment; as, the defendant is held to respond in damages.
RESPOND', v.t.  To answer; to satisfy by payment.  The surety was held to respond the judgment of court.  The goods attached shall be held to respond the judgment.
RESPOND', n.  
1.  A short anthem interrupting the middle of a chapter, which is not to proceed till the anthem is ended.
2.  An answer.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Respondent
Definition:
RESPOND'ENT, a.  Answering; that answers to demand or expectation.
- Wealth respondent to payment and contributions.
RESPOND'ENT, n.
1.  One that answers in a suit, particularly a chancery suit.
2.  In the schools, one who maintains a thesis in reply, and whose province is to refute objections or overthrow arguments.


Topic: Responsal
Definition:
RESPONS'AL, a.  Answerable; responsible.  [Not in use.]
RESPONS'AL, n.  
1.  Response; answer.
2.  One who is responsible.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Response
Definition:
RESPONSE, n.  respons'.  [L. responsum.]
1.  An answer or reply; particularly, an oracular answer.
2.  The answer of the people or congregation to the priest, in the litany and other parts of divine service.
3.  Reply to an objection in a formal disputation.
4.  In the Romish church, a kind of anthem sung after the morning lesson.
5.  In a fugue, a repetition of the given subject by another part.


Topic: Responsibility
Definition:
RESPONSIBIL'ITY, n.  [from responsible.]
1.  The state of being accountable or answerable, as for a trust or office, or for a debt.
It is used in the plural; as heavy responsibilities.
2.  Ability to answer in payment; means of paying contracts.


Topic: Responsible
Definition:
RESPONS'IBLE, a.  [from L. responsus, respondeo.]
1.  Liable to account; accountable; answerable; as for a trust reposed, or for a debt.  We are all responsible for the talents entrusted to us by our Creator.  A guardian is responsible for the faithful discharge of his duty to his ward.  The surety is responsible for the debt of his principal.
2.  Able to discharge an obligation; or having estate adequate to the payment of a debt.  In taking bail, the officer will ascertain whether the proposed surety is a responsible man.


Topic: Responsibleness
Definition:
RESPONS'IBLENESS, n.
1.  State of being liable to answer, repay or account; responsibility.
2.  Ability to make payment of an obligation or demand.


Topic: Responsive
Definition:
RESPONS'IVE, a.
1.  Answering; making reply.
2.  Correspondent; suited to something else.
The vocal lay responsive to the strings.


Topic: Responsory
Definition:
RESPONS'ORY, a.  Containing answer.
RESPONS'ORY, n.  A response; the alternate speaking, in church service.


Topic: Rest
Definition:
REST, n.  [L. resto, if the latter is a compound of re and sto; but is an original word.  See Verb.]
1.  Cessation of motion or action of any kind, and applicable to any body or being; as rest from labor; rest from mental exertion; rest of body or mind.  A body is at rest, when it ceases to move; the mind is at rest, when it ceases to be disturbed or agitated; the sea is never at rest.  Hence,
2.  Quiet; repose; a state free from motion or disturbance; a state of reconciliation to God.
Learn of me, for I am meek and lowly in heart; and ye shall find rest to your souls.  Matt. 11.
3.  Sleep; as, retire to rest.
4.  Peace; national quiet.
The land had rest eighty years.  Judges 3.  Deut. 12.
5.  The final sleep, death.
6.  A place of quiet; permanent habitation.  
Ye are not as yet come to the rest, and to the inheritance which the Lord your God giveth you.  Deut. 12.
7.  Any place of repose.
In dust, our final rest, and native home.
8.  That on which any thing leans or lies for support.  1Kings 6.
Their vizors clos'd, their lances in the rest.
9.  In poetry, a short pause of the voice in reading; a cesura.
10.  In philosophy, the continuance of a body in the same place.
11.  Final hope.
Sea fights have been final to the war; but this is, when princes set up their rest upon the battle.  Obs.
12.  Cessation from tillage.  Lev. 25.
13.  The gospel church or new covenant state in which the people of God enjoy repose, and Christ shall be glorified.  
Is. 11.
14.  In music, a pause; an interval during which the voice is intermitted; also, the mark of such intermission.
REST, n.  [L. resto.]
1.  That which is left, or which remains after the separation of a part, either in fact or in contemplation; remainder.
Religion gives part of its reward in hand, the present comfort of having done our duty, and for the rest, it offers us the best security that heaven can give.
2.  Others; those not included in a proposition or description.  [In this sense, rest is a noun, but with a singular termination expressing plurality.]
Plato and the rest of the philosophers -
Arm'd like the rest, the Trojan prince appears.
The election hath obtained it and the rest were blinded.  Romans 11.
REST, v.i.
1.  To cease from action or motion of any kind; to stop; a word applicable to any body or being, and to any kind of motion.
2.  To cease from labor, work or performance.
God rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.  Gen. 2.
So the people rested on the seventh day.  Ex. 16.
3.  To be quiet or still; to be undisturbed.  
There rest, if any rest can harbor there.
4.  To cease from war; to be at peace.
And the land rested from war.  Josh. 11.
5.  To be quiet or tranquil, as the mind; not to be agitated by fear, anxiety or other passion.
6.  To lie; to repose; as, to rest on a bed.
7.  To sleep; to slumber.
Fancy then retires into her private cell, when nature rests.
8.  to sleep the final sleep; to die or be dead.
Glad I'd lay me down, as in my mother's lap; ther I should rest, and sleep secure.
9.  To lean; to recline for support; as, to rest  the arm on a table.  The truth of religion rests on divine testimony.
10.  to stand on; to be supported by; as, a column rests on its pedestal.
11.  To be satisfied; to acquiesce; as, to rest on heaven's determination.
12.  To lean; to trust; to rely; as, to rest on a man's promise.
13.  To continue fixed.  Is. 51.
14.  To terminate; to come to an end.  Ezek. 16.
15.  To hang, lie or be fixed.
Over a tent a cloud shall rest by day.
16.  To abide; to remain with.
They said, the spirit of Elijah doth rest on Elisha.  2Kings 2.  Eccles 7.
17.  To be calm or composed in mind; to enjoy peace of conscience.
REST, v.i.  To be left; to remain.  Obs.
REST, v.t.
1.  To lay at rest; to quiet.
Your piety has paid all needful rites, to rest my wandering shade.
2.  To place, as on a support.  We rest our cause on the truth of the Scripture.
Her weary head upon your bosom rest.


Topic: Restagnate
Definition:
RESTAG'NATE, v.i.  [L. restagno; re and stagno, to stagnate.]
To stand or remain without flowing.
[This word is superseded by stagnate.]


Topic: Restant
Definition:
REST'ANT, a.  [L. restans, reto.]  In botany, remaining, as footstalks after the fructification has fallen off.


Topic: Restauration
Definition:
RESTAURA'TION, n.  [L. restauro.]  Restoration to a former good state.
[The present orthography is restoration, which see.]


Topic: Restif
Definition:
REST'IF, a.  [L. resto.]
1.  Unwilling to go, or only running back; obstinate in refusing to move forward; stubborn; as a restif steed.  It seems originally to have been used of horses that would not be driven forward.  It is sometimes written restive.
All who before him did ascend the throne, labor'd to draw three restive nations on.
2.  Unyielding; as restif stubbornness.
3.  Being at rest, or less in action.  [Not in use.]
REST'IF, n.  A stubborn horse.


Topic: Restinction
Definition:
RESTINC'TION, n.  [L. restinctio, restinguo; re and extinguo.]  The act of quenching or extinguishing.


Topic: Resting
Definition:
REST'ING, ppr.  Ceasing to move or act; ceasing to be moved or agitated; lying; leaning; standing; depending or relying.


Topic: Restitution
Definition:
RESTITU'TION, n.  [L. restitutio.]
1.  The act of returning or restoring to a person some thing or right of which he has been unjustly deprived; as the restitution of ancient rights to the crown.
Restitution is made by restoring a specific thing taken away or lost.
2.  The act of making good, or of giving an equivalent for any loss, damage or injury; indemnification.
He restitution to the value makes.
3.  The act of recovering a former state or posture.  [Unusual.]
Restitution of all things, the putting the world in a holy and happy state.  Acts 3.


Topic: Restless
Definition:
REST'LESS, a.
1.  Unquiet; uneasy; continually moving; as a restless child.
2.  Being without sleep; uneasy.
Restless he pass'd the remnant of the night.
3.  Passed in unquietness; as, the patient has had a restless night.
4.  Uneasy; unquiet; not satisfied to be at rest or in peace; as a restless prince; restless ambition; restless passions.
5.  Uneasy; turbulent; as restless subjects.
6.  Unsettled; disposed to wander or to change place or condition.
- Restless at home, and ever prone to range.


Topic: Restlessly
Definition:
REST'LESSLY, adv.  Without rest; unquietly.
When the mind casts and turns itself restlessly from one thing to another.


Topic: Restlessness
Definition:
REST'LESSNESS, n.
1.  Uneasiness; unquietness; a state of disturbance or agitation, either of body or mind.
2.  Want of sleep or rest; uneasiness.
3.  Motion; agitation; as the restlessness of the magnetic needle.


Topic: Restorable
Definition:
RESTO'RABLE, n.  [from restore.]  That may be restored to a former good condition; as restorable land.


Topic: Restoration
Definition:
RESTORA'TION, n.  [L. restauro.]
1.  The act of replacing in a former state.
Behold the different climes agree, rejoicing in thy restoration.
So we speak of the restoration of a man to his office, or to a good standing in society.
2.  Renewal; revival; re-establishment; as the restoration of friendship between enemies; the restoration of peace after war; the restoration of a declining commerce.
3.  Recovery; renewal of health and soundness; as restoration from sickness or from insanity.
4.  Recovery from a lapse or any bad state; as the restoration of man from apostasy.
5.  In theology, universal restoration, the final recovery of all men from sin and alienation from God, to a state of happiness; universal salvation.
6.  In England, the return of king Charles II in 1660, and the re-establishment of monarchy.


Topic: Restorative
Definition:
RESTO'RATIVE, a.  That has power to renew strength and vigor.
RESTO'RATIVE, n.  A medicine efficacious in restoring strength and vigor, or in recruiting the vital powers.


Topic: Restore
Definition:
RESTO'RE, v.t.  [L. restauro.  This is a compound of re and the root of store, story, history.  The primary sense is to set, to lay or to throw, as in Gr. solid.]
1.  To return to a person, as a specific thing which he has lost, or which has been taken from him and unjustly detained.  We restore lost or stolen goods to the owner.
Now therefore restore to the man his wife.  Gen. 20.
2.  To replace; to return; as a person or thing to a former place.
Pharaoh shall restore thee to thy place.  Gen. 40.
3.  To bring back.
The father banish'd virtue shall restore.
4.  To bring back or recover from lapse, degeneracy, declension or ruin to its former state.
- Loss of Eden, till one greater man restore it, and regain the blissful seat.
- Our fortune restored after the severest afflictions.
5.  To heal; to cure; to recover from disease.
His hand was restored whole like as the other.  Matt. 12.
6.  To make restitution or satisfaction for a thing taken, by returning something else, or something of different value.
He shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep.  Ex. 22.
7.  To give for satisfaction for pretended wrongs something not taken.  Ps. 69.
8.  To repair; to rebuild; as, to restore and to build Jerusalem.  Daniel 9.
9.  To revive; to resuscitate; to bring back to life.
Whose son he had restored to life.  2Kings 8.
10.  To return or bring back after absence.  Heb. 13.
11.  To bring to a sense of sin and amendment of life.  
Gal. 6.
12.  To renew or re-establish after interruption; as, peace is restored.  Friendship between the parties is restored.
13.  To recover or renew, as passages of an author obscured or corrupted; as, to restore the true reading.


Topic: Restorer
Definition:
RESTO'RER, n.  One that restores; one that returns what is lost or unjustly detained; one who repairs or re-establishes.


Topic: Restoring
Definition:
RESTO'RING, ppr.  Returning what is lost or taken; bringing back; recovering; curing; renewing; repairing; re-establishing.


Topic: Restrain
Definition:
RESTRA'IN, v.t.  [L. restringo; re and stringo, to strain.  The letter g appears from the participle to be casual; stringo, for strigo.  Hence strictus, strict, stricture.  If the two letters st are removed, the word rigo coincides exactly, in primary sense, with L. rego, rectus, right, and the root of reach, stretch, straight.]
1.  To hold back; to check; to hold from action, proceeding or advancing, either by physical or moral force, or by an interposing obstacle.  Thus we restrain a horse by a bridle; we restrain cattle from wandering by fences; we restrain water by dams and dikes; we restrain men from crimes and trespasses by laws; we restrain young people, when we can, by arguments or counsel; we restrain men and their passions; we restrain the elements; we attempt to restrain vice, but not always with success.
2.  To repress; to keep in awe; as, to restrain offenders.
3.  To suppress; to hinder or repress; as, to restrain excess.
4.  To abridge; to hinder from unlimited enjoyment; as, to restrain one of his pleasure or of his liberty.
5.  To limit; to confine.
Not only a metaphysical or natural, but a moral universality is also to be restrained by a part of the predicate.
6.  To withhold; to forbear.
Thou restrainest prayer before God.  Job 15.


Topic: Restrained
Definition:
RESTRA'INED, pp.  Held back from advancing or wandering; withheld; repressed; suppressed; abridged; confined.


Topic: Restraining
Definition:
RESTRA'INING, ppr.
1.  Holding back from proceeding; checking; repressing; hindering from motion or action; suppressing.
2.  a. Abridging; limiting; as a restraining statute.


Topic: Restraint
Definition:
RESTRA'INT, n.
1.  The act or operation of holding back or hindering from motion, in any manner; hinderance of the will, or of any action, physical, moral or mental.
2.  Abridgment of liberty; as the restraint of a man by imprisonment or by duress.
3.  Prohibition.  The commands of God should be effectual restraints upon our evil passions.
4.  Limitation; restriction.
If all were granted, yet it must be maintained, within any bold restraints, far otherwise than it is received.
5.  That which restrains, hinders or represses.  The laws are restraints upon injustice.


Topic: Restrict
Definition:
RESTRICT', v.t.  [L. restrictus, from restringo.  See Restrain.]
To limit; to confine; to restrain within bounds; as, to restrict words to a particular meaning; to restrict a patient to a certain diet.


Topic: Restriction
Definition:
RESTRIC'TION, n.  [L. restrictus.]
1.  Limitation; confinement within bounds.
This is to have the same restriction as all other recreations.
Restriction of words, is the limitation of their signification in a particular manner or degree.
2.  Restraint; as restrictions on trade.


Topic: Restrictive
Definition:
RESTRICT'IVE, a.
1.  Having the quality of limiting or of expressing limitation; as a restrictive particle.
2.  Imposing restraint; as restrictive laws of trade.
3.  Styptic.  [Not used.]


Topic: Restringent
Definition:
RESTRIN'GENT, a.  Astringent; styptic.
RESTRIN'GENT, n.  A medicine that operates as an astringent or styptic.


Topic: Result
Definition:
RESULT', v.i s as z.  [L. resulto, resilio; re and salio, to leap.]
1.  to leap back; to rebound.
The huge round stone, resulting with a bound -
2.  To preceed, spring or rise, as a consequence, from facts, arguments, premises, conbination of circumstances, consultation or meditation.  Evidence results from testimony, or from a variety of concurring circumstances; pleasure results from friendship; harmony results from certain accordances of sounds.
Pleasure and peace naturally result from a holy and good life.
3.  To come to a conclusion or determination.  the council resulted in recommending harmony and peace to the parties.
RESULT', n.
1.  Resilience; act of flying back.
Sound is produced between the string and the air, by the return of the result of the string.
2.  Consequence; conclusion; inference; effect; that which proceeds naturally or logically from facts, premises or the state of things; as the result of reasoning; the result of reflection; the result of a consultation or council; the result of a legislative debate.
3.  Consequence or effect.
The misery of sinners will be the natural result of their vile affections and criminal indulgences.
4.  The decision or determination of a council or deliberative assembly; as the result of an ecclesiastical council.


Topic: Resultant
Definition:
RESULT'ANT, n.  In mechanics, a force which is the combined effect of two or more forces, acting in different directions.


Topic: Resulting
Definition:
RESULT'ING, ppr.
1.  Proceeding as a consequence, effect or conclusion of something; coming to a determination.
2.  In law, resulting use, is a use which returns to him who raised it, after its expiration or during the impossibility of vesting in the person intended.


Topic: Resume
Definition:
RES'UME, v.t. s as z.  [L. resumo; re and sumo, to take.]
1.  To take back what has been given.
The sun, like this from which our sight we have, gaz'd on too long, resumes the light he gave.
2.  To take back what has been taken away.
They resume what has been obtained fraudulently.
3.  To take again after absence; as, to resume a seat.
Reason resum'd her place, and passion fled.
4.  To take up again after interruption; to begin again; as, to resume an argument or discourse.  [This is now its most frequent use.]


Topic: Resumption
Definition:
RESUMP'TION, n.  [L. resumptus.]  
The act of resuming, taking back or taking again; as the resumption of a grant.


Topic: Resupinate
Definition:
RESUP'INATE, a.  [L. resupinatus, resupino; re and supino, supinus, lying on the back.]
In botany, reversed; turned upside down.  A resupinate corol is when the upper lip faces the ground, and the lower lip the sky.  A resupinate leaf is when the upper surface becomes the lower, and contrary; or when the lower disk looks upward.


Topic: Resupination
Definition:
RESUPINA'TION, n.  [supra.]  The state of lying on the back; the state of being resupinate or reversed, as a corol.


Topic: Resurrection
Definition:
RESURREC'TION, n.  s as z.  [L. resurrectus, resurgo; re and surgo, to rise.]
A rising again; chiefly, the revival of the dead of the human race, or their return from the grave, particularly at the general judgment.  By the resurrection of Christ we have assurance of the future resurrection of men.  1Peter 1.
In the resurrection, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage.  Matt. 22.


Topic: Resuscitate
Definition:
RESUS'CITATE, v.t.  [l. resuscito; re and suscito, to raise.]
1.  To revivify; to revive; particularly, to recover from apparent death; as, to resuscitate a drowned person; to resuscitate withered plants.
2.  To reproduce, as a mixed body from its ashes.


Topic: Resuscitation
Definition:
RESUSCITA'TION, n.
1.  The act of reviving from a state of apparent death; the state of being revivified.
2.  The reproducing of a mixed body from its ashes.


Topic: Retain
Definition:
RETA'IN, v.t.  [L. retineo; re and teneo, to hold.]
1.  To hold or keep in possession; not to lose or part with or dismiss.  The memory retains ideas which facts or arguments have suggested to the mind.
They did not like to retain God in their knowledge.  Rom. 1.
2.  To keep, as an associate; to keep from departure.
Whom I would have retained with me.  Phil. 13.
3.  To keep back; to hold.
An executor may retain a debt due to him from the testator.
4.  To hold from escape.  Some substances retain heat much longer than others.  Metals readily receive and transmit heat, but do not long retain it.  Seek cloths that retain their color.
5.  To keep in pay; to hire.
A Benedictine convent has now retained the most learned father of their order to write in its defense.
6.  To engage; to employ by a fee paid; as, to retain a counselor.
RETA'IN, v.i.
1.  To belong to;  to depend on; as coldness mixed with a somewhat languid relish retaining to bitterness.
[Not in use.  We now use pertain.]
2.  To keep; to continue.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Retainer
Definition:
RETA'INER, n.
1.  One who retains; as an executor, who retains a debt due from the testator.
2.  One who is kept in service; an attendant; as the retainers of the ancient princes and nobility.
3.  An adherent; a dependant; a hanger on.
4.  A servant, not a domestic, but occasionally attending and wearing his master's livery.
5.  Among lawyers, a fee paid to engage a lawyer or counselor to maintain a cause.
6.  The act of keeping dependents, or being in dependence.


Topic: Retaining
Definition:
RETA'INING, ppr.  Keeping in possession; keeping as an associate; keeping from escape; hiring; engaging by a fee.


Topic: Retake
Definition:
RETA'KE, v.t. pret.  retook; pp. retaken.  [re and take.]
1.  To take again.
2.  To take from a captor; to recapture; as, to retake a ship or prisoners.


Topic: Retaliate
Definition:
RETAL'IATE, v.t.  [Low L. retalio; re and talio, from talis, like.]
To return like for like; to repay or requite by an act of the same kind as has been received.  It is now seldom used except in a bad sense, that is, to return evil for evil; as, to retaliate injuries.  In war, enemies often retaliate the death or inhuman treatment of prisoners, the burning of towns or the plunder of goods.
It is unlucky to be obliged to retaliate the injuries of authors, whose works are so soon forgotten that we are in danger of appearing the first aggressors.
RETAL'IATE, v.i.  To return like for like; as, to retaliate upon an enemy.


Topic: Retaliation
Definition:
RETALIA'TION, n.
1.  The return of like for like; the doing that to another which he has done to us; requital of evil.
2.  In a good sense, return of good for good.
God takes what is done to others as done to himself, and by promise obliges himself to full retaliation.
[This, according to modern usage, is harsh.]


Topic: Retard
Definition:
RET'ARD, v.t.  [L. retardo; re and tardo, to delay, tardus, slow, late.  See Target.]
1.  To diminish the velocity of motion; to hinder; to render more slow in progress; as, to retard the march of an army; to retard the motion of a ship.  The resistance of air retards the velocity of a cannon ball.  It is opposed to accelerate.
2.  To delay; to put off; to render more late; as, to retard the attacks of old age; to retard a rupture between nations.  My visit was retarded by business.
RET'ARD, v.i.  To stay back.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Retardation
Definition:
RETARDA'TION, n.  The act of abating the velocity of motion; hinderance; the act of delaying; as the retardation of the motion of a ship; the retardation of hoary hairs.


Topic: Retch
Definition:
RETCH, v.i.  [See Reach.]
To make an effort to vomit; to heave; as the stomach; to strain, as in vomiting; properly to reach.


Topic: Retection
Definition:
RETEC'TION, n.  [L. retectus, from retego, to uncover; re and tego, to cover.]
The act of disclosing or producing to view something concealed; as the retection of the native color of the body.


Topic: Retention
Definition:
RETEN'TION, n.  [L. retentio, retineo; re and teneo, to hold.]
1.  The act of retaining or keeping.
2.  The power of retaining; the faculty of the mind by which it retains ideas.
3.  In medicine, the power of retaining, or that state of contraction in the solid or vascular parts of the body, by which they hold their proper contents and prevent in voluntary evacuations; undue retention of some natural discharge.
4.  The act of withholding; restraint.
5.  Custody; confinement.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Retentive
Definition:
RETEN'TIVE, a.  Having the power to retain; as a retentive memory; the retentive faculty; the retentive force of the stomach; a body retentive of heat or moisture.


Topic: Reticle
Definition:
RET'ICLE, n.  [L. reticulum, from rete, a net.]
1.  A small net.
2.  A contrivance to measure the quantity of an eclipse; a kind of micrometer.


Topic: Reticular
Definition:
RETIC'ULAR, a.  [supra.]  Having the form of a net or of net-work; formed with interstices; as a reticular body or membrane.
In anatomy, the reticular body, or rete mucosum, is the layer of the skin, intermediate between the cutis and the cuticle, the principal seat of color in man; the reticular membrane is the same as the cellular membrane.


Topic: Retiform
Definition:
RET'IFORM, a.  [L. retiformis; rete, a net, and forma, form.]
Having the form of a net in texture; composed of crossing lines and interstices; as the retiform coat of the eye.


Topic: Retina
Definition:
RET'INA, n.  [L. from rete, a net.]  In anatomy, one of the coats of the eye, being an expansion of the optic nerve over the bottom of the eye, where the sense of vision is first received.


Topic: Retinasphalt
Definition:
RETINASPHALT', n.  A bituminous or resinous substance of a yellowish or reddish brown color, found in irregular pieces very light and shining.  [See Retinite.]


Topic: Retinite
Definition:
RET'INITE, n.  [Gr. resin.]  Pitchstone; stone of fusible pitch, of a resinous appearance, compact, brown, reddish, gray, yellowish, blackish or bluish, rarely homogeneous, and often containing crystals of feldspar and scales of mica.  It is the pechstein porphyry or obsidian of the Germans.  It is called also retinasphalt.


Topic: Retinue
Definition:
RET'INUE, n.  [L. retineo; re and tenco, to hold.]
The attendants of a prince or distinguished personage, chiefly on a journey or an excursion; a train of persons.


Topic: Retirade
Definition:
RETIRA'DE, n.  
In fortification, a kind of retrenchment in the body of a bastion or other work, which is to be disputed inch by inch, after the defenses are dismantled.  It usually consists of two faces, which make a re-entering angle.


Topic: Retire
Definition:
RETI'RE, v.i.
1.  To withdraw; to retreat; to go from company or from a public place into privacy; as, to retire from the world; to retire from notice.
2.  To retreat from action or danger; as, to retire from battle.
3.  To withdraw from a public station.  General Washington, in 1796, retired to private life.
4.  To break up, as a company or assembly.  The company retired at eleven o'clock.
5.  To depart or withdraw for safety or for pleasure.  Men retire from the town in summer for health and pleasure.  But in South Carolina, the planters retire from their estates to Charleston, or to an isle near the town.
6.  To recede; to fall back.  The shore of the sea retires in bays and gulfs.
RETI'RE, v.t.  To withdraw; to take away.
He retired himself, his wife and children into a forest.
As when the sun is present all the year, and never doth retire his golden ray.
[This transitive use of retire is now obsolete.]
RETI'RE, n.  
1.  Retreat; recession; a withdrawing.  Obs.
2.  Retirement; place of privacy.  Obs.


Topic: Retired
Definition:
RETI'RED, a.
1.  Secluded from much society or from public notice; private.  He lives a retired life; he has a retired situation.
2.  Secret; private; as retired speculations.
3.  Withdrawn.


Topic: Retirement
Definition:
RETI'REMENT, n.
1.  The act of withdrawing from company or from public notice or station.
2.  The state of being withdrawn; as the retirement of the mind from the senses.
3.  Private abode; habitation secluded from much society or from public life.
Caprea had been the retirement of Augustus.
Retirement is as necessary to me as it will be welcome.
4.  Private way of life.
Retirement, rural quiet, friendship, books, progressive virtue and approving heaven.


Topic: Retiring
Definition:
RETI'RING, ppr.
1.  Withdrawing; retreating; going into seclusion or solitude.
2.  a.  Reserved; not forward or obtrusive; as retiring modesty; retiring manners.


Topic: Retort
Definition:
RETORT', v.t.  [L. retortus, retorqueo; re and torqueo, to throw.]
1.  To throw back; to reverberate.
And they retort that beat again to the first giver.
2.  To return an argument, accusation, censure or incivility; as, to retort the charge of vanity.
He pass'd through hostile scorn; and with retorted scorn, his back he turn'd.
3.  To bend or curve back; as a retorted line.
RETORT', v.i.  To return an argument or charge; to make a severe reply.  He retorted upon his adversary with severity.
RETORT', n.  
1.  The return of an argument, charge or incivility in reply; as the retort courteous.
2.  In chimistry, a spherical vessel with its neck bent, to which the receiver is fitted; used in distillation.


Topic: Retouch
Definition:
RETOUCH, v.t.  retuch'.  [re and touch.]  To improve by new touches; as, to retouch a picture or an essay.


Topic: Retrace
Definition:
RETRA'CE, v.t.
1.  To trace back; to go back in the same path or course; as, to retrace one's steps; to retrace one's proceedings.
2.  To trace back, as a line.
Then if the line of Tumus you retrace, he springs from Inachus of Argive race.


Topic: Retract
Definition:
RETRACT', v.t.  [L. retractus, retraho; re and traho, to draw.]
1.  To recall, as a declaration, words or saying; to disavow; to recant; as, to retract an accusation, charge or assertion.
I would as freely have retracted the charge of idolatry, as I ever made it.
2.  To take back; to rescind.  [Little used.]
3.  To draw back, as claws.
RETRACT', v.t.  To take back; to unsay; to withdraw concession or declaration.
She will, and she will not; she grants, denies, consents, retracts, advances, and then flies.
RETRACT', n.  Among horsemen, the prick of a horse's foot in nailing a shoe.


Topic: Retractation
Definition:
RETRACTA'TION, n.  [L. retractatio.]  
The recalling of what has been said; recantation; change of opinion declared.


Topic: Retractile
Definition:
RETRACT'ILE, a.  Capable of being drawn back.
A walrus with fiery eyes - retractile from external injuries.


Topic: Retraction
Definition:
RETRAC'TION, n.  [from retract.]
1.  The act of withdrawing something advanced, or changing something done.
2.  Recantation; disavowal of the truth of what has been said; declaration of change of opinion.
3.  Act of withdrawing a claim.
Other men's insatiable desire of revenge, hath beguiled church and state of the benefit of my retractions or concessions.


Topic: Retraxit
Definition:
RETRAX'IT, n.  [L. retraho, retraxi.]  In law, the withdrawing or open renunciation of a suit in court, by which the plaintiff loses his action.


Topic: Retreat
Definition:
RETRE'AT, n.  [L. retractus, retraho; re and traho.]
1.  The act of retiring; a withdrawing of one's self from any place.
But beauty's triumph is well tim'd retreat.
2.  Retirement; state of privacy or seclusion from noise, bustle or company.
Here in the calm still mirror of retreat.
3.  Place of retirement or privacy.
He built his son a house of pleasure - and spared no cost to make it a delicious retreat.
4.  Place of safety or security.
That pleasing shade they sought, a soft retreat from sudden April show'rs, a shelter from the heat.
5.  In military affairs, the retiring of an army or body of men from the face of an enemy or from any ground occupied to a greater distance from the enemy, or from an advanced position.  A retreat is properly an orderly march, in which circumstance it differs from a flight.
6.  The withdrawing of a ship or fleet from an enemy; or the order and disposition of ships declining an engagement.
7.  The beat of the drum at the firing of the evening gun, to warn soldiers to forbear firing and the sentinels to challenge.
RETRE'AT, v.i.
1.  To retire from any position or place.
2.  To withdraw to a private abode or to any secluded situation.
3.  To retire to a place of safety or security; as, to retreat into a den or into a fort.
4.  To move back to a place before occupied; to retire.
The rapid currents drive, towards the retreating sea, their furious tide.
5.  To retire from an enemy or from any advanced position.


Topic: Retrench
Definition:
RETRENCH', v.t.
1.  To cut off; to pare away.
And thy exuberant parts retrench.
2.  To lessen; to abridge; to curtail; as, to retrench superfluities or expenses.
3.  To confine; to limit.  [Not proper.]
RETRENCH', v.i.  To live at less expense.  It is more reputable to retrench than to live embarrassed.


Topic: Retrenchment
Definition:
RETRENCH'MENT, n.
1.  The act of lopping off; the act of removing what is superfluous; as the retrenchment of words or lines in a writing.
2.  The act of curtailing, lessening or abridging; diminution; as the retrenchment of expenses.
3.  In military affairs, any work raised to cover a post and fortify it against an enemy; such as fascines, gabions, sandbags and the like.
Numerous remains of Roman retrenchments, constructed to cover the country -


Topic: Retribute
Definition:
RETRIB'UTE, v.t.  [L.  retribuo; re and tribuo, to give or bestow.]
To pay back; to make payment, compensation or reward in return; as, to retribute one for his kindness; to retribute to a criminal what is proportionate to his offense.


Topic: Retribution
Definition:
RETRIBU'TION, n.
1.  Repayment; return accommodated to the action; reward; compensation.
In good offices and due retributions, we may not be pinching and niggardly.
2.  A gratuity or present given for services in the place of a salary.
3.  The distribution of rewards and punishments at the general judgment.
It is a strong argument for a state of retribution hereafter, that in this world virtuous persons are very often unfortunate, and vicious persons prosperous.


Topic: Retrieve
Definition:
RETRIE'VE, v.t.
1.  To recover; to restore from loss or injury to a former good state; as to retrieve the credit of a nation; to retrieve one's character; to retrieve a decayed fortune.
2.  To repair.
Accept my sorrow, and retrieve my fall.
3.  To regain.
With late repentance now they would retrieve the bodies they forsook, and wish to live.
4.  To recall; to bring back; as, to retrieve men from their cold trivial conceits.
RETRIE'VE, n.  A seeking again; a discovery.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Retroaction
Definition:
RETROAC'TION, n.  [L. retro, backward, and action.]
1.  Action returned, or action backwards.
2.  Operation on something past or preceding.


Topic: Retroactive
Definition:
RETROAC'TIVE, a.  [L. retro, backward, and active.]
Operating by returned action; affecting what is past; retrospective.
A retroactive law or statute, is one which operates to affect, make criminal or punishable, acts done prior to the passing of the law.


Topic: Retrocede
Definition:
RETROCE'DE, v.t.  [L. retro, back, and cedo, to give.]
To cede or grant back; as, to retrocede a territory to a former proprietor.


Topic: Retrocession
Definition:
RETROCES'SION, n.  
1.  A ceding or granting back to a former proprietor.
2.  The act of going back.


Topic: Retroflex
Definition:
RET'ROFLEX, a.  [L. retro, back, and flexus, bent.]
In botany, bent this way and that, or in different directions, usually in a distorted manner; as a retroflex branch.


Topic: Retrogradation
Definition:
RETROGRADA'TION, n.
1.  The act of moving backwards; applied to the apparent motion of the planets.
2.  A moving backwards; decline in excellence.


Topic: Retrograde
Definition:
RET'ROGRADE, a.  [L. retrogradior; retro, backwards, and gradior, to go.]
1.  Going or moving backwards.
2.  In astronomy, apparently moving backward and contrary to the succession of the signs, as a planet.
3.  Declining from a better to a worse state.
RET'ROGRADE, v.i.  [L. retrogradior; retro and gradior, to go.]  To go or move backward.


Topic: Retrogressive
Definition:
RETROGRESS'IVE, a.  Going or moving backward; declining from a more perfect to a less perfect state.
Geography is at times retrogressive.


Topic: Retromingency
Definition:
RETROMIN'GENCY, n.  [L. retro, backward, and mingo, to discharge urine.]
The act of quality of discharging the contents of the bladder backwards.


Topic: Retromingent
Definition:
RETROMIN'GENT, a.  Discharging the urine backwards.
RETROMIN'GENT, n.  In zoology, an animal that discharges its urine backwards.
The retromingents are a division of animals whose characteristic is that they discharge their urine backwards, both male and female.


Topic: Retrorsely
Definition:
RETRORSELY, adv.  retros'ly.  [L. retrorsum, backward.]  In a backward direction; as a stem retrorsely aculeate.


Topic: Retrospect
Definition:
RET'ROSPECT, n.  [L. retro, back, and specio, to look.]
A looking back on things past; view or contemplation of something past.  The retrospect of a life well spent affords peace of mind in old age.


Topic: Retrospection
Definition:
RETROSPEC'TION, n.
1.  The act of looking back on things past.
2.  The faculty of looking back on past things.


Topic: Retrospective
Definition:
RETROSPECT'IVE, a.
1.  Looking back on past events; as a retrospective view.
2.  Having reference to what is past; affecting things past.  A penal statute can have no retrospective effect or operation.


Topic: Retund
Definition:
RETUND', v.t.  [l. retundo; re and rundo, to beat.]
To blunt; to turn; as an edge; to dull; as, to retund the edge of a weapon.


Topic: Return
Definition:
RETURN, v.i.  [L. torno.]
1.  To come or go back to the same place.  The gentleman goes from the country to London and returns, or the citizen of London rides into the country and returns.  The blood propelled from the heart, passes through the arteries to the extremities of the body, and returns through the veins.  Some servants are good to go on errands, but not good to return.
2.  To come to the same state; as, to return from bondage to a state of freedom.
3.  To answer.
He said, and thus the queen of heaven return'd.
4.  To come again; to revisit.
Thou to mankind be good and friendly still, and oft return.
5.  To appear or begin again after a periodical revolution.
With the year seasons return, but not to me returns day -
6.  To show fresh signs of mercy.
Return, O Lord, deliver my soul.  Ps. 6.
To return to God, to return from wickedness, to repent of sin or wandering from duty.


Topic: Returnable
Definition:
RETURN'ABLE, a.  
1.  That may be returned or restored.
2.  In law, that is legally to be returned, delivered, given or rendered; as a writ or precept returnable at a certain day; a verdict returnable to the court; an attachment returnable to the king's bench.


Topic: Returned
Definition:
RETURN'ED, pp.  Restored; given or sent back; repaid; brought or rendered to the proper court or officer.


Topic: Returning-officer
Definition:
RETURN'ING-OFFICER, n.  The officer whose duty it is to make returns of writs, precepts, juries, &c.


Topic: Retuse
Definition:
RETU'SE, a.  [L. retusus, retundo.]  In botany, a retuse leaf is one ending in a blunt sinus, or whose apex is blunt.  This term is applied also to the seed.


Topic: Reunion
Definition:
REUN'ION, n. 
1.  A second union; union formed anew after separation or discord; as a reunion of parts or particles of matter; a reunion of parties or sects.
2.  In medicine, union of parts separated by wounds or accidents.


Topic: Reunite
Definition:
REUNI'TE, v.t.  [re and unite.]  
1.  To unite again; to join after separation.
2.  In medicine, union of parts separated by wounds or accidents.
REUNI'TE, v.i.  To be united again; to join and cohere again.


Topic: Reussite
Definition:
REUS'SITE, n.  [from Reuss, the place where it is found.]
A salt found in the form of a mealy efforescence, or crystallized in flat six sided prisms, and in acicular crystals.


Topic: Reveal
Definition:
REVE'AL, v.t.  [L. revelo; re and velo, to veil.]
1.  To disclose; to discover; to show; to make known something before unknown or concealed; as, to reveal secrets.
2.  To disclose, discover or make known from heaven.  God has been pleased to reveal his will to man.
The wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men.  Romans 1.
REVE'AL, n.  A revealing; disclosure.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Revel
Definition:
REV'EL, v.i.  [L. rabo, rabio, to rage, whence rabies, rabid.]
1.  To feast with loose and clamorous merriment; to carouse; to act the bacchanalian.
Antony, that revels long o'nights.
2.  To move playfully or without regularity.
REV'EL, n.  A feast with loose and noisy jollity.
Some men ruin the fabric of their bodies by incessant revels.


Topic: Revel-rout
Definition:
REV'EL-ROUT, n.  [See Rout.]  
1.  Tumultuous festivity.
2.  A mob; a rabble tumultuously assembled; an unlawful assembly.


Topic: Revelation
Definition:
REVELA'TION, n.  [L. revelatus, revelo.  See Reveal.]
1.  The act of disclosing or discovering to others what was before unknown to them; appropriately, the disclosure or communication of truth to men by God himself, or by his authorized agents, the prophets and apostles.
How that by revelation he made known to me the mystery, as I wrote before in few words.  Eph. 3.  2Cor. 12.
2.  That which is revealed; appropriately, the sacred truths which God has communicated to man for his instruction and direction.  The revelations of God are contained in the Old and New Testament.
3.  The Apocalypse; the last book of the sacred canon, containing the prophecies of St. John.


Topic: Reveling
Definition:
REV'ELING, ppr.  Feasting with noisy merriment; carousing.
REV'ELING, n.  A feasting with noisy merriment; revelry.  Gal. 5.  1Peter 4.


Topic: Revelly
Definition:
REV'ELLY, n.  [L. vigilo.  See Watch.]
In military affairs, the beat of drum about break of day, to give notice that it is time for the soldiers to rise and for the sentinels to forbear challenging.
[This word might well be anglicised rev'elly.]


Topic: Revendicate
Definition:
REVEN'DICATE, v.t.  [L. vindico.  See vindicate.]
To reclaim what has been taken away; to claim to have restored what has been seized.
Should some subsequent fortunate revolution deliver it from the conqueror's yoke, it can revendicate them.


Topic: Revendication
Definition:
REVENDICA'TION, n.  The act of reclaiming or demanding the restoration of any thing taken by an enemy; as by right of postliminium.
The endless disputes which would spring from the revendication of them, have introduced a contrary practice.


Topic: Revenge
Definition:
REVENGE, v.t. revenj'.  [L. vindex, vindico.  See Vindicate.]
1.  To inflict pain or injury in return for an injury received.
[Note.  this word and avenge were formerly used as synonymous, and it is so used in the common version of the Scripture, and applied to the Supreme Being.  'O Lord - revenge me of my persecutors.'  Jer. 15.  In consequence of a distinction between avenge and revenge which modern usage has introduced, the application of this word to the Supreme Being appears extremely harsh, irreverent and offensive.  Revenge is now used in an ill sense, for the infliction of pain maliciously or illegally; avenge for inflicting just punishment.]
2.  According to modern usage, to inflict pain deliberately and maliciously, contrary to the laws of justice and humanity, in return for injury, pain or evil received; to wreak vengeance spitefully on one who injures or offends.  We say, to revenge an injury or insult, or with the reciprocal pronoun, to revenge ourselves on an enemy or for an injury, that is, to take vengeance or satisfaction.
3.  To vindicate by punishment of an enemy.  
The gods are just and will revenge our cause.
[According to modern usage, avenge should here be substituted for revenge.]
REVENGE, n. revenj'.
1.  Return of an injury; the deliberate infliction of pain or injury or a person in return for an injury received from him.
2.  According to modern usage, a malicious or spiteful infliction of pain or injury, contrary to the laws of justice and christianity, in return for an injury or offense.  Revenge is dictated by passion; vengeance by justice.
3.  The passion which is excited by an injury done or an affront given; the desire of inflicting pain on one who has done an injury; as, to glut revenge.
Revenge, as the word is now understood, is always contrary to the precepts of Christ.
The indulgence of revenge tends to make men more savage and cruel.


Topic: Revengeful
Definition:
REVENGEFUL, a. revenj'ful.
1.  full of revenge or a desire to inflict pain or evil for injury received; spiteful; malicious; wreaking revenge.
If thy revengeful heart cannot forgive.
2.  Vindictive; inflicting punishment.
May my hands never brandish more revengeful steel.


Topic: Revenger
Definition:
REVENG'ER, n.  
1.  One who revenges; one who inflicts pain on another spitefully in return for an injury.
2.  One who inflicts just punishment for injuries.  [Less proper.]


Topic: Revenging
Definition:
REVENG'ING, ppr. 
1.  Inflicting pain or evil spitefully for injury or affront received.
2.  Vindicating; punishing.


Topic: Revenue
Definition:
REV'ENUE, n.  [L. revenio; re and venio, to come.]
1.  In a general sense, the annual rents, profits, interest or issues of any species of property, real or personal, belonging to an individual or to the public.  When used of individuals, it is equivalent to income.  In modern usage, income is applied more generally to the rents and profits of individuals, and revenue to those of the state.  In the latter case, revenue is
2.  The annual produce of taxes, excise, customs, duties, rents, &c. which a nation or state collects and receives into the treasury for public use.
3.  Return; reward; as a rich revenue of praise.
4.  A fleshy lump on the head of a deer.


Topic: Reverberate
Definition:
REVERB'ERATE, v.t.  [l. reverbero; re and verbero, to beat.]
1.  To return, as sound; to send back; to echo; as, an arch reverberates the voice.
2.  To send or beat back; to repel; to reflect; as, to reverberate rays of light
3.  To send or drive back; to repel from side to side; as flame reverberated in a furnace.
REVERB'ERATE, v.i.
1.  To be driven back; to be repelled, as rays of light, or sound.
2.  To resound.
And even at hand, a drum is ready brac'd, that shall reverberate all as well as thine.
REVERB'ERATE, a.  Reverberant.


Topic: Reverberation
Definition:
REVERBERA'TION, n.
The act of driving or sending back; particularly, the act of reflecting light and heat or repelling sound.  Thus we speak of the reverberation of the rays of light from an object, the reverberation of sound in echoes, or the reverberation of heat or flame in a furnace.


Topic: Reverberatory
Definition:
REVERB'ERATORY, a.  Returning or driving back; as a reverberatory furnace or kiln.
REVERB'ERATORY, n.  A furnace with a kind of dome that reflects the flame upon a vessel placed within it, so as to surround it.


Topic: Revere
Definition:
REVE'RE, v.t.  [L. revereor; re and vereor, to fear.]
To regard with fear mingled with respect and affection; to venerate; to reverence; to honor in estimation.
Marcus Aurelius, whom he rather revered as his father, than treated as his partner in the empire -


Topic: Reverence
Definition:
REV'ERENCE, n.  [L. reverentia.]
1.  Fear mingled with respect and esteem; veneration.
When quarrels and factions are carried openly, it is a sign that the reverence of government is lost.
The fear acceptable to God, is a filial fear, an awful reverence of the divine nature, proceeding from a just esteem of his perfections, which produces in us an inclination to his service and an unwillingness to offend him.
Reverence is nearly equivalent to veneration, but expresses something less of the same emotion.  It differs from awe, which is an emotion compounded of fear, dread or terror, with admiration of something great, but not necessarily implying love or affection.  We feel reverence for a parent, and for an upright magistrate, but we stand in awe of a tyrant.  This distinction may not always be observed.
2.  An act of respect or obeisance; a bow or courtesy.  2Sam. 9.
3.  A title of the clergy.
4.  A poetical title of a father.
REV'ERENCE, v.t.  To regard with reverence; to regard with fear mingled with respect and affection.  We reverence superiors for their age, their authority and their virtues.  We ought to reverence parents and upright judges and magistrates.  We ought to reverence the Supreme Being, his word and his ordinances.
Those that I reverence, those I fear, the wise.
They will reverence my son.  Matt. 21.
Let the wife see that she reverence her husband.  Eph. 5.


Topic: Reverend
Definition:
REV'EREND, a.  [L. reverendus.]
1.  Worthy of reverence; entitled to respect mingled with fear and affection; as reverend and gracious senators.
A reverend sire among them came.
[This epithet is, I believe, never applied to the Supreme Being, or to his laws or institutions.  In lieu of it we use venerable.]
2.  A title of respect given to the clergy or ecclesiastics.  We style a clergyman reverend; a bishop is styled right reverend; an archbishop most reverend.  The religious in catholic countries, are styled reverend fathers; abbesses, prioresses, &c. reverend mothers.  In Scotland, as in the United States, the clergy are individually styled reverend.  A synod is styled very reverend, and the general assembly venerable.


Topic: Reverent
Definition:
REV'ERENT, a.
1.  Expressing reverence, veneration or submission; as reverent words or terms; a reverent posture in prayer; reverent behavior.
2.  Submissive; humble; impressed with reverence.
They prostrate fell before him reverent.


Topic: Reverential
Definition:
REVEREN'TIAL, a.  [from reverence.]  Proceeding from reverence, or expressing it; as reverential fear or awe; reverential gratitude or esteem.
Religion - consisting in a reverential esteem of things sacred.


Topic: Reverently
Definition:
REV'ERENTLY, adv.
1.  With reverence; with respectful regard.
Chide him for faults, and do it reverently.
2.  With veneration; with fear of what is great or terrifying.
So reverently men quit the open air, when thunder speaks the angry Gods abroad.


Topic: Reversal
Definition:
REVERS'AL, a.  [See Reverse.]  Intended to reverse; implying reverse.
REVERS'AL, n.  [from reverse.]  A change or overthrowing; as the reversal of a judgment, which amounts to an official declaration that it is false.  So we speak of the reversal of an attainder or of an outlawry, by which the sentence is rendered void.


Topic: Reverse
Definition:
REVERSE, v.t. revers'.  [L. reversus, reverto; re and verto, to turn.]
1.  To turn upside down; as, to reverse a pyramid or cone.
2.  To overturn; to subvert; as, to reverse the state.
3.  To turn back; as with swift wheel reverse.
4.  To turn to the contrary; as, to reverse the scene.
- Or affectations quite reverse the soul.
5.  To put each in the place of the other; as, to reverse the distinctions of good and evil.
6.  In law, to overthrow by a contrary decision; to make void; to annul; as, to reverse a judgment, sentence or decree.  Judgments are reversed by writs of error; and for certain causes, may be reversed without such writs.
7.  To recall.  [Not in use.]
REVERSE, v.i. revers'.  To return.  [Not in use.]
REVERSE, n.  revers'.
1.  Change; vicissitude; a turn of affairs; in a good sense.
By a strange reverse of things, Justinian's law, which for many ages was neglected, now obtains -
2.  Change for the worse; misfortune.  By an unexpected reverse of circumstances, an affluent man is reduced to poverty.
3.  A contrary; an opposite.
The performances to which God has annexed the promises of eternity, are just the reverse of all the pursuits of sense.


Topic: Reversed
Definition:
REVERS'ED, pp.
1.  Turned side for side or end for end; changed to the contrary.
2.  In law, overthrown or annulled.
3.  a.  In botany, resupinate; having the upper lip larger and more expanded than the lower; as a reversed corol.


Topic: Reversion
Definition:
REVER'SION, n.  [L. reversio.]
1.  In general sense, a returning; appropriately, in law, the returning of an estate to the grantor or his heirs, after a particular estate is ended.  Hence,
2.  The residue of an estate left in the grantor, to commence in possession after the determination of the particular estate granted.  Thus when there is a gift in tail, the reversion of the fee is, without any special reservation, vested in the donor by act of law.
3.  Succession; right to future possession or enjoyment.
4.  In algebra, reversion of series, a kind of reversed operation of an infinite series.


Topic: Reversionary
Definition:
REVER'SIONARY, a.  Pertaining to a reversion, that is, to be enjoyed in succession, or after the determination of a particular estate; as a reversionary interest or right.


Topic: Reversioner
Definition:
REVER'SIONER, n.  The person who has a reversion, or who is entitled to lands or tenements, after a particular estate granted is determined.


Topic: Revert
Definition:
REVERT', v.t.  [L. reverto; re and verto, to turn.]
1.  To turn back; to turn to the contrary; to reverse.
Till happy chance revert the cruel scene.
[Instead of revert, in this sense, reverse is generally used.]
2.  To drive or turn back; to reverberate; as a stream reverted.
REVERT', v.i.  
1.  To return; to fall back.
2.  In law, to return to the proprietor, after the determination of a particular estate.  A feud granted to a man for life, or to him and his issue male, or his death or failure of issue male, reverted to the lord or proprietor.
REVERT', n.  In music, return; recurrence; antistrophy.


Topic: Revertent
Definition:
REVERT'ENT, n.  A medicine which restores the natural order of the inverted irritative motions in the animal system.


Topic: Revery
Definition:
REV'ERY, n.
1.  Properly, a raving or delirium; but its sense, as generally used, is a loose or irregular train of thoughts, occurring in musing or meditation; wild, extravagant conceit of the fancy or imagination.  There are reveries and extravagancies which pass through the minds of wise men as well as fools.
2.  A chimera; a vision.


Topic: Revest
Definition:
REVEST', v.t.  [Low L. revestio; re and vestio, to clothe.]
1.  to clothe again.
2.  To reinvest; to vest again with possession or office; as, to revest a magistrate with authority.
3.  to lay out in something less fleeting than money; as, to revest money in stocks.
REVEST', v.i.  to take effect again, as a title; to return to a former owner; as, the title or right revest in A, after alienation.


Topic: Revestiary
Definition:
REVEST'IARY, n.  [L. revestio.]
The place or apartment in a church or temple where the dresses are deposited; now contracted into vestry.


Topic: Revetment
Definition:
REVET'MENT, n.
In fortification, a strong wall on the outside of a rampart, intended to support the earth.


Topic: Revie
Definition:
REVI'E, v.t.  [re and vie.]  to accede to the proposal of a stake and to overtop it; an old phrase at cards.  Obs.
REVI'E, v.i.  To return the challenge of a wager at cards; to make a retort.


Topic: Review
Definition:
REVIEW, v.t.  revu'.  [re and view.]
1.  To look back on.
2.  to see again.
i shall review Sicilia.
3.  To view and examine again; to reconsider; to revise; as, to review a manuscript.  It is said that Virgil was prevented by death from reviewing the AEneis.
4.  To retrace.
Shall I the long laborious scene review?
5.  To survey; to inspect; to examine the state of any thing, particularly of troops; as, to review a regiment.
REVIEW, n. revu'.  [L. video, to see.]
1.  A second or repeated view; a re-examination; resurvey; as a review of the works of nature; a review of life.
2.  Revision; a second examination with a view to amendment or improvement; as an author's review of his works.
3.  In military affairs, an examination or inspection of troops under arms, by a general or commander, for the purpose of ascertaining the state of their discipline, equipment, &c.
4.  In literature, a critical examination of a new publication, with remarks.
5.  A periodical pamphlet containing examinations or analyses of new publications; as the Critical Review.
Commission of review, a commission granted by the British king to revise the sentence of the court of delegates.


Topic: Reviewer
Definition:
REVIEW'ER, n.  One that reviews or re-examines; an inspector; one that critically examines a new publication, and communicates his opinion upon its merits.


Topic: Reviewing
Definition:
REVIEW'ING, ppr.  Looking back on; seeing again; revising; re-examining; inspecting, as an army; critically examining and remarking on.


Topic: Revile
Definition:
REVI'LE, v.t.  [re and vile.]
To reproach; to treat with opprobrious and contemptuous language.
She revileth him to his face.
Thou shalt not revile the gods.  Ex. 22.
Blessed are ye when men shall revile you.  Matt. 5.
REVI'LE, n.  Reproach; contumely; contemptuous language.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Reviling
Definition:
REVI'LING, ppr.  Reproaching; treating with language of contempt.
REVI'LING, n.  The act of reviling or treating with reproachful words.  Is. 51.


Topic: Revisal
Definition:
REVI'SAL, n.  [from revise.]  Revision; the act of reviewing and re-examining for correction and improvement; as the revisal of a manuscript; the revisal of a proof sheet.


Topic: Revise
Definition:
REVI'SE, v.t. s as z.  [L. revisus, reviso, to revisit; re and viso, to see, to visit.]
1.  To review; to re-examine; to look over with care for correction; as, to revise a writing; to revise a proof sheet.
2.  To review, alter and amend; as, to revise statutes.
REVI'SE, n. 
1.  Review; re-examination.
2.  Among printers, a second proof sheet; a proof sheet taken after the first correction.


Topic: Revision
Definition:
REVI'SION, n.  
1.  The act of reviewing; review; re-examination for correction; as the revision of a book or writing or of a proof sheet; a revision of statutes.
2.  Enumeration of inhabitants.


Topic: Revisit
Definition:
REVIS'IT, v.t. s as z.  [L. revisito; re and visito, from viso, to see or visit.]  To visit again
Let the pale sire revisit Thebes.


Topic: Revival
Definition:
REVI'VAL, n.  [from revive.]
1.  Return, recall or recovery to life from death or apparent death; as the revival of a drowned person.
2.  Return or recall to activity from a state of languor; as the revival of spirits.
3.  Recall, return or recovery from a state of neglect, oblivion, obscurity or depression; as the revival of letters or learning.
4.  Renewed and more active attention to religion; an awakening of men to their spiritual concerns.


Topic: Revive
Definition:
REVI'VE, v.i.  [L. revivisco; re and vivo, to live.]
1.  To return to life; to recover life.
The soul of the child came into him again, and he revived. 1Kings 17.  Romans 14.
2.  To recover new life or vigor; to be reanimated after depression.
When he saw the wagons which Joseph had sent to carry him, the spirit of Jacob their father revived.  Gen. 45.
3.  To recover from a state of neglect, oblivion, obscurity or depression.  Learning revived in Europe after the middle ages.
4.  In chimistry, to recover its natural state, as a metal.
Sin revives, when the conscience is awakened by a conviction of guilt.  Romans 7.

REVI'VE, v.t.
1.  To bring again to life; to reanimate.
2.  To raise from languor, depression or discouragement; to rouse; as, to revive the spirits or courage.
3.  To renew; to bring into action after a suspension; as, to revive a project or scheme that had been laid aside.
4.  To renew in the mind or memory; to recall.
The mind has the power in many cases to revive ideas or perceptions, which it has once had.
5.  To recover from a state of neglect or depression; as, to revive letters or learning.
6.  To recomfort; to quicken; to refresh with joy or hope.
Wilt thou not revive us again?  Ps. 85.
7.  To bring again into notice.
Revive the libels born to die.
8.  In chimistry, to restore or reduce to its natural state or to its metallic state; as, to revive a metal after calcination.


Topic: Revived
Definition:
REVI'VED, pp.  Brought to life; reanimated; renewed; recovered; quickened; cheered; reduced to a metallic state.


Topic: Reviver
Definition:
REVI'VER, n.  That which revives; that which invigorates or refreshes; one that redeems from neglect or depression.


Topic: Revivificate
Definition:
REVIV'IFICATE, v.t. [L. re and vivifico; vivus, alive, and facio, to make.]
To revive; to recall or restore to life.  [Little used.]


Topic: Revivification
Definition:
REVIVIFICA'TION, n.
1.  Renewal of life; restoration of life; or the act of recalling to life.
2.  In chimistry, the reduction of a metal to its metallic state.


Topic: Reviving
Definition:
REVI'VING, ppr.  Bringing to life again; reanimating; renewing; recalling to the memory; recovering from neglect or depression; refreshing with joy or hope; reducing to a metallic state.


Topic: Revivor
Definition:
REVI'VOR, n.  In law, the reviving of a suit which is abated by the death of any of the parties.  This is done by a bill of revivor.


Topic: Revocable
Definition:
REV'OCABLE, a.  [l. revocabilis.  See Revoke.]
That may be recalled or revoked; that may be repealed or annulled; as a revocable edict or grant.


Topic: Revocate
Definition:
REV'OCATE, v.t.  [L. revoco; re and voco, to call.]  To recall; to call back.  [Not in use.  See revoke.]


Topic: Revocation
Definition:
REVOCA'TION, n.  [L. revocatio.]
1.  The act of recalling or calling back; as the revocation of Calvin.
2.  State of being recalled.
3.  Repeal; reversal; as the revocation of the edict of Nantz.  A law may cease to operate without an express revocation.  so we speak of the revocation of a will, of a use, of a devise, &c.


Topic: Revoke
Definition:
REVO'KE, v.t.  [L. revoco; re and voco, to call.]
1.  To recall; to repeal; to reverse.  A law, decree or sentence is revoked by the same authority which enacted or passed it.  A charter or grant which vests rights in a corporation, cannot be legally revoked without the consent of the corporation.  A devise may be revoked by the devisor, a use by the grantor, and a will be the testator.
2.  To check; to repress; as, to revoke rage.  [Not in use.]
3.  To draw back.
Seas are troubled when they do revoke their flowing waves into themselves again.  [Unusual.]
REVO'KE, v.i.  To renounce at cards.
REVO'KE, n.  The act of renouncing at cards.


Topic: Revolt
Definition:
REVOLT', v.i.  [L. revolvo; re and volvo, to turn.  Eng. wallow.]
1.  To fall off or turn from one to another.
2.  To renounce allegiance and subjection to one's prince or state; to reject the authority of a sovereign; as a province or a number of people.  It is not applied to individuals.
The Edomites revolted from under the hand of Judah.  
2Chron. 21.
3.  To change.  [Not in use.]
4.  In Scripture, to disclaim allegiance and subjection to God; to reject the government of the King of kings.  Is. 31.
REVOLT', v.t.
1.  To turn; to put to flight; to overturn.
2.  To shock; to do violence to; to cause to shrink or turn away with abhorrence; as, to revolt the mind or the feelings.
Their honest pride of their purer religion had revolted the Babylonians.
REVOLT', n.
1.  Desertion; change of sides; more correctly, a renunciation of allegiance and subjection to one's prince or government; as the revolt of a province of the Roman empire.
2.  Gross departure from duty.
3.  In Scripture, a rejection of divine government; departure from God; disobedience.  Is. 59.
4.  A revolter.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Revolter
Definition:
REVOLT'ER, n.
1.  One who changes sides; a deserter.
2.  One who renounces allegiance and subjection to his prince or state.
3.  In Scripture, one who renounces the authority and laws of God.  Jer. 6.  Hos. 9.


Topic: Revolting
Definition:
REVOLT'ING, ppr. 
1.  Changing sides; deserting.
2.  Disclaiming allegiance and subjection to a prince or state.
3.  Rejecting the authority of God.
4.  a.  Doing violence, as to the feelings; exciting abhorrence.


Topic: Revolute
Definition:
REV'OLUTE, a.  [L. revolutus, from revolvo.]
In botany, rolled back or downwards; as revolute foliation or leafing, when the sides of the leaves in the bud are rolled spirally back or towards the lower surface; a revolute leaf or tendril; a revolute corol or valve.


Topic: Revolution
Definition:
REVOLU'TION, n.  [L. revolutus, revolvo.]
1.  In physics, rotation; the circular motion of a body on its axis; a course or motion which brings every point of the surface or periphery of a body back to the place at which it began to move; as the revolution of a wheel; the diurnal revolution of the earth.
2.  The motion of a body round any fixed point or center; as the annual revolution of the earth or other planet in its orbit round the center of the system.
3.  Motion of any thing which brings it to the same point or state; as the revolution of day and night or of the seasons.
4.  Continued course marked by the regular return of years; as the revolution of ages.
5.  Space measured by some regular return of a revolving body or of a state of things; as the revolution of a day.
6.  In politics, a material or entire change in the constitution of government.  Thus the revolution in England, in 1688, was produced by the abdication of king  James II the establishment of the house of Orange upon the throne, and the restoration of the constitution to its primitive state.  So the revolutions in Poland, in the United States of America, and in France, consisted in a change of constitution.  We shall rejoice to hear that the Greeks have effected a revolution.
7.  Motion backward.
This word is used adjectively, as in the phrase, revolution principles.


Topic: Revolutionary
Definition:
REVOLU'TIONARY, a.  
1.  Pertaining to a revolution in government; as a revolutionary war; revolutionary crimes or disasters.
2.  Tending to produce a revolution; as revolutionary measures.


Topic: Revolutioner
Definition:
REVOLU'TIONER, n.
1.  One who is engaged in effecting a revolution; a revolutionist.
2.  In England, one who favored the revolution in 1688.


Topic: Revolutionize
Definition:
REVOLU'TIONIZE, v.t.  
1.  To effect a change in the form of a political constitution; as, to revolutionize a government.
2.  To effect an entire change of principles in.
The gospel, if received in truth, has revolutionized his soul.


Topic: Revolvency
Definition:
REVOLV'ENCY, n.  State, act or principle of revolving; revolution.
Its own revolvency upholds the world.


Topic: Revulsion
Definition:
REVUL'SION, n.  [L. revulsus, revello; re and vello, to pull.]
1.  In medicine, the act of turning or diverting a flux of humors or any cause of disease, from one part of the body to another.
2.  The act of holding or drawing back.


Topic: Revulsive
Definition:
REVUL'SIVE, a.  Having the power of revulsion.
REVUL'SIVE, n.
1.  That which has the power of diverting humors from one part to another.
2.  That which has the power of withdrawing.


Topic: Reward
Definition:
REWARD', v.t. a as aw.  [[L. re, denoting return.]
To give in return, either good or evil.
Thou hast rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded thee evil.  1Sam. 24.
Hence, when good is returned for good, reward signifies to repay, to recompense, to compensate.  When evil or suffering is return for injury or wickedness, reward signifies to punish with just retribution, to take vengeance on, according to the nature of the case.
I will render vengeance to my enemies; and will reward them that hate me.  Deut. 32.
The Son of man shall come in the glory of his Father, with his angels, and then he shall reward every man according to his works.  Matt. 16.
In the latter passage, reward signifies to render with good and evil.
REWARD', n.  
1.  Recompense, or equivalent return for good done, for kindness, for services and the like.  Rewards may consist of money, goods or any return of kindness or happiness.
The laborer is worthy of his reward.  1Tim. 5.
Great is your reward in heaven.  Matt. 5.
Rewards and punishments presuppose moral agency, and something voluntarily done, well or ill; without which respect, though we may receive good, it is only a benefit and not a reward.
2.  The fruit of men's labor or works.
The dead know not any thing, neither have they any more a reward.  Eccles. 9.
3.  A bribe; a gift to pervert justice.  Deut. 27.
4.  A sum of money offered for taking or detecting a criminal, or for recovery of any thing lost.
5.  Punishment; a just return of evil or suffering for wickedness.
Only with thine eyes shalt thou behold and see the reward of the wicked.  Ps. 91.
6.  Return in human applause.  Matt. 6.
7.  Return in joy and comfort.  Ps. 19.


Topic: Rewarding
Definition:
REWARD'ING, ppr.  Making an equivalent return for good or evil; requiting; recompensing or punishing.


Topic: Rhabdology
Definition:
RHABDOL'OGY, n.  [Gr. a staff or want, and discourse.]
The act or art of computing or numbering by Napier's rods or Napier's bones.


Topic: Rhapsodist
Definition:
RHAP'SODIST, n.  [from rhapsody.]
1.  One that writes or speaks without regular dependence of one part of his discourse on another.
2.  One who recites or signs rhapsodies for a livelihood; or one who makes and repeats verses extempore.
3.  Anciently, one whose profession was to recite the verses of Homer and other poets.


Topic: Rhapsody
Definition:
RHAP'SODY, n.  [Gr. to sew or unite, and a song.]
Originally, a discourse in verse, sung or rehearsed by a rhapsodist; or a collection of verses, particularly those of Homer.  In modern usage, a collection of passages thoughts or authorities, composing a new piece, but without necessary dependence or natural connection.


Topic: Rhenish
Definition:
RHE'NISH, a.  Pertaining to the river Rhine, or to Rheims in France; as Rhemish wine; as a noun, the wine produced on the hills about Rheims, which is remarkable as a solvent of iron.


Topic: Rhetian
Definition:
RHE'TIAN, a.  Pertaining to the ancient Rhaeti, or to Rhaetia, their country; as the Rhetian Alps, now the country of Tyrol and the Grisons.


Topic: Rhetoric
Definition:
RHET'ORIC, n.  [Gr. from to speak, to flow.  Eng. to read.  The primary sense is to drive or send.  See Read.]
1.  The art of speaking with propriety, elegance and force.
2.  The power of persuasion or attraction; that which allures or charms.  We speak of the rhetoric of the tongue, and the rhetoric of the heart or eyes.
Sweet silent rhetoric of persuading eyes.


Topic: Rhetorical
Definition:
RHETOR'ICAL, a.  
1.  Pertaining to rhetoric; as the rhetorical art.
2.  Containing the rules of rhetoric; as a rhetorical treatise.
3.  Oratorial; as a rhetorical flourish.


Topic: Rhetorically
Definition:
RHETOR'ICALLY, adv.  In the manner of rhetoric; according to the rules of rhetoric; as, to treat a subject rhetorically; a discourse rhetorically delivered.


Topic: Rhetorician
Definition:
RHETORI'CIAN, n.
1.  One who teaches the art of rhetoric, or the principles and rules of correct and elegant speaking.
The ancient sophists and rhetoricians, who had young auditors, lived till they were a hundred years old.
2.  One well versed in the rules and principles of rhetoric.
3.  An orator.  [Less proper.]
RHETORI'CIAN, a.  [See the noun.]  Suiting a master of rhetoric.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Rheum
Definition:
RHEUM, n.  [Gr. from to flow.]
1.  An increased and often inflammatory action of the vessels of an organ; but generally applied to the inflammatory action of the mucous glands, attended with increased discharge and an altered state of their excreted fluids.
2.  A thin serous fluid, secreted by the mucous glands, &c.; as in catarrh.


Topic: Rheumatic
Definition:
RHEUMAT'IC, a.  [L. rheumaticus; Gr. from rheum, which see.]
Pertaining to rheumatism, or partaking of its nature, as rheumatic pains or affections.


Topic: Rheumatism
Definition:
RHEU'MATISM, n.  [L. rheumatismus; Gr. from a watery humor, from to flow; the ancients supposing the disease to proceed from a defluxion of humors.]
A painful disease affecting muscles and joints of the human body, chiefly the larger joints, as the hips, knees, shoulders, &c.


Topic: Rheumy
Definition:
RHEU'MY, a.  [from rheum.]  
1.  Full of rheum or watery matter; consisting of rheum or partaking of its nature.
2.  Affected with rheum.
3.  Abounding with sharp moisture; causing rheum.


Topic: Rhinoceros
Definition:
RHINOC'EROS, n.  [L. rhinoceros;  Gr. nose-horn.]
A genus of quadrupeds of two species, one of which, the unicorn, as a single horn growing almost erect from the nose.  This animal when full grown, is said to be 12 feet in length.  There is another species with two horns, the bicornis.  They are natives of Asia and Africa.


Topic: Rhinoceros-bird
Definition:
RHINOCEROS-BIRD, n.  A bird of the genus Buceros, having a crooked horn on the forehead, joined to the upper mandible.


Topic: Rhodonite
Definition:
RHO'DONITE, n.  A mineral of a red, reddish, or yellowish white color, and splintery fracture, occurring compact or fibrous in the Hartz at Strahlberg, &c.


Topic: Rhomb-spar
Definition:
RHOMB-SPAR, n.  A mineral of a grayish white, occurring massive disseminated and crystallized in rhomboids, imbedded in chlorite slate, limestone, &c.  It consists chiefly of carbonates of lime and magnesia.


Topic: Rhomboid
Definition:
RHOM'BOID, n.  [Gr. rhomb, and form.]
1.  In geometry, a figure having some resemblance to a rhomb; or a quadrilateral figure whose opposite sides and angles are equal, but which is neither equilateral nor equiangular.
2.  a.  In anatomy, the rhomboid muscle is a thin, broad and obliquely square fleshy muscle, between the basis of the scapula and the spina dorsi.


Topic: Rhubarb
Definition:
RHU'BARB, n.
A plant of the genus Rheum, of several species; as the rhapontic, or common rhubarb; the palmated, or true Chinese rhubarb; the compact or Tartarian; the undulated or wave-leafed Chinese rhubarb; and the rubes, or currant rhubarb of mount Libanus.  The root is medicinal and much used as a moderate cathartic.


Topic: Rhumb
Definition:
RHUMB, n.  [from rhomb.]  In navigation, a vertical circle of any given place, or the intersection of such a circle with the horizon; in which last sense, rhumb is the same as a point of the compass.


Topic: Rhumb-line
Definition:
RHUMB-LINE, n.  In navigation, a line prolonged from any point of the compass on a nautical chart, except from the four cardinal points.


Topic: Rhythmus
Definition:
RHYTH'MUS, n.  [Gr.]  
1.  In music, variety in the movement as to quickness or slowness, or length and shortness of the notes; or rather the proportion which the parts of the motion have to each other.
2.  Meter; verse; number.


Topic: Rib
Definition:
RIB, n.  [L. costa, signifies side, border, extremity.]
1.  A bone of animal bodies which forms a part of the frame of the thorax.  The ribs in the human body are twelve on each side, proceeding from the spine to the sternum, or towards it, and serving to inclose and protect the heart and lungs.
2.  In ship building, a piece of timber which forms or strengthens the side of a ship.
Ribs of a parrel, are short pieces of plank, having holes through which are reeved the two parts of the parrel-rope.
3.  In botany, the continuation of the petiole along the middle of a leaf, and from which the veins take their rise.
4.  In cloth, a prominent line or rising, like a rib.
5.  Something long, thin and narrow; a strip.
RIB, v.t.
1.  To furnish with ribs.  In manufactures, to form with rising lines and channels; as, to rib cloth; whence we say, ribbed cloth.
2.  To inclose with ribs.


Topic: Ribbed
Definition:
RIB'BED, pp. or a.
1.  Furnished with ribs; as ribbed with steel.
2.  Inclosed as with ribs.
3.  Marked or formed with rising lines and channels; as ribbed cloth.


Topic: Ribin
Definition:
RIB'IN, n.
1.  A filet of silk; a narrow web of silk used for an ornament, as a badge, or for fastening some part of female dress.
2.  In naval architecture, a long narrow flexible piece of timber, nailed upon the outside of the ribs from the stem to the sternpost, so as to encompass the ship lengthwise; the principal are the floor-ribin and the breadth-ribin.
RIB'IN, v.t.  To adorn with ribins.


Topic: Rich
Definition:
RICH, a.  [L. rego, regnum, Eng. reach, region, from extending.]
1.  Wealthy; opulent; possessing a large portion of land, goods or money, or a larger portion than is common to other men or to men of like rank.  A farmer may be rich with property which would not make a nobleman rich.  An annual income of 500 sterling pounds would make a rich vicar, but not a rich bishop.  Men more willingly acknowledge others to be richer, than to be wiser than themselves.
Abram was very rich in cattle, in silver and in gold.  
Genesis 13.
2.  Splendid; costly; valuable; precious; sumptuous; as a rich dress; a rich border; a rich silk; rich furniture; a rich present.
3.  Abundant in materials; yielding great quantities of any thing valuable; as a rich mine; rich ore.
4.  Abounding in valuable ingredients or qualities; as a rich odor or flavor; rich spices.
So we say, a rich description; a discourse rich in ideas.
5.  Full of valuable achievements or works.
Each minute shall be rich in some great action.
6.  Fertile; fruitful; capable of producing large crops or quantities; as a rich soil; rich land; rich mold.
7.  Abundant; large; as a rich crop.
8.  Abundant; affording abundance; plentiful.
The gorgeous East with richest hand pours on her sons barbaric pearl and gold.
9.  Full of beautiful scenery; as a rich landscape; a rich prospect.
10.  Abounding with elegant colors; as a rich picture.
11.  Plentifully stocked; as pastures rich in flocks.
12.  Strong; vivid; perfect; as a rich color.
13.  Having something precious; as a grove of rich trees.
14.  Abounding with nutritious qualities; as a rich diet.
15.  Highly seasoned; as rich paste; a rich dish of food.
16.  Abounding with a variety of delicious food; as a rich table or entertainment.
17.  Containing abundance beyond wants; as a rich treasury.
18.  In music, full of sweet or harmonious sounds.
19.  In Scripture, abounding; highly endowed with spiritual gifts; as rich in faith.  James 2.
20.  Placing confidence in outward prosperity.  Matt. 19.
21.  Self-righteous; abounding, in one's own opinion, with spiritual graces.  Rev. 3.
Rich in mercy, spoken of God, full of mercy, and ready to bestow good things on sinful men.  Eph 2.  Rom. 10.
The rich, used as a noun, denotes a rich man or person, or more frequently in the plural, rich men or persons.
The rich hath many friends.  Prov. 14.
RICH, v.t.  To enrich.  [Not used.  See Enrich.]


Topic: Riches
Definition:
RICH'ES, n.  [This is in the singular number in fact, but treated as the plural.]
1.  Wealth; opulence; affluence; possessions of land, good or money in abundance.
Riches do not consist in having more gold and silver, but in having more in proportion than our neighbors.
2.  Splendid sumptuous appearance.
The riches of heav'n's pavement, trodden gold.
3.  In Scripture, an abundance of spiritual blessings.  
Luke 16.
The riches of God, his fullness of wisdom, power, mercy, grace and glory,  Eph. 1, 2; or the abundance supplied by his works.  Ps. 104.
The riches of Christ, his abundant fullness of spiritual and eternal blessings for men.  Eph. 3.
The riches of a state or kingdom, consist less in a full treasury than in the productiveness of its soil and manufactures, and in the industry of its inhabitants.


Topic: Richly
Definition:
RICH'LY, adv.
1.  With riches; with opulence; with abundance of goods or estate; with ample funds; as a hospital richly endowed.
In Belmont is a lady richly left.
2.  Gaily; splendidly; magnificently; as richly dressed; richly ornamented.
3.  Plenteously; abundantly; amply as, to be richly paid for services.  The reading of ancient authors will richly reward us for the perusal.
4.  Truly; really; abundantly; fully; as a chastisement richly deserved.


Topic: Richness
Definition:
RICH'NESS, n.
1.  Opulence; wealth.
2.  Finery; splendor.
3.  Fertility; fecundity; fruitfulness; the qualities which render productive; as the richness of a oil.
4.  Fullness; abundance; as the richness of a treasury.
5.  Quality of abounding with something valuable; as the richness of a mine or an ore; the richness of milk or of cane-juice.
6.  Abundance of any ingredient or quality; as the richness of spices or of fragrance.
7.  Abundance of beautiful scenery; as the richness of a landscape or prospect.
8.  Abundance of nutritious qualities; as the richness of diet.
9.  Abundance of high seasoning; as the richness of cake.
10.  Strength; vividness; or whatever constitutes perfection; as the richness of color or coloring.
11.  Abundance of imagery or of striking ideas; as richness of description.


Topic: Rick
Definition:
RICK,  as a termination, denotes jurisdiction, or a district over which government is exercised, as in bishopric.  L. rego, to rule, and region.


Topic: Rickets
Definition:
RICK'ETS, n.  [In technical language, rachitis, Gr. from back or spine,  Eng.  rack, applied to the neck piece of meat.  See Rack and Ridge.]
A disease which affects children, and in which the joints become knotted, and the legs and spine grow crooked.  As the child advances in life, the head is enlarged, the thorax is compressed on the sides, and the sternum rises.


Topic: Ricochet
Definition:
RIC'OCHET, n.  In gunnery, the firing of guns, mortars or howitzers with small charges, and elevated a few degrees, so as to carry the balls or shells just over the parapet, and cause them to roll along the opposite rampart.  This is called ricochet-firing, and the batteries are called ricochet-batteries.


Topic: Rid
Definition:
RID, pret of ride.
RID, v.t. pret. rid; pp. id.
1.  To free; to deliver; properly, to separate, and thus to deliver or save.
That he might rid him out of their hands.  Gen. 37.
I will rid you out of their bondage.  Ex. 6.
2.  To separate; to drive away.
I will rid evil beasts out of the land.  Lev. 26.
[This use is not common.]
3.  To free; to clear; to disencumber; as, to rid one of his care.  It is not easy to rid the sea of pirates.
Resolv'd at once to rid himself of pain.
4.  To dispatch.
For willingness rids away.
5.  To drive away; to remove by violence; to destroy.
Ah death's men! you have rid this sweet young prince.
RID, pp or a.  Free; clear; as, to be rid of trouble. 
To get rid of, to free one's self.


Topic: Riddance
Definition:
RID'DANCE, n.
1.  Deliverance; a setting free; as riddance from all adversity.
2.  Disencumbrance.
3.  The act of clearing away.
Thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field.  Lev. 23.


Topic: Riddle
Definition:
RID'DLE, n.  [See Cradle.]
An instrument for cleaning grain, being a large sieve with a perforated button, which permits the grain to pass through it, but retains the chaff.
RID'DLE, v.t.  To separate, as grain from the chaff with a riddle; as, to riddle wheat.  [Note.  The machines now used have nearly superseded the riddle.]
RID'DLE, n.  [See Read.]
1.  An enigma; something proposed for conjecture, or that is to be solved by conjecture; a puzzling question; an ambiguous proposition.  Judges 14.
2.  Any thing ambiguous or puzzling.
RID'DLE, v.t.  To solve; to explain; but we generally use unriddle, which is more proper.
Riddle me this, and guess him if you can.
RID'DLE, v.i.  To speak ambiguously, obscurely or enigmatically.


Topic: Ride
Definition:
RIDE, v.i.  pret. rode or rid; pp. rid, ridden.  [L rheda, a chariot or vehicle.]
1.  To be carried on horseback, or on any beast, or in any vehicle.  We ride on a horse, on a camel, in a coach, chariot, wagon,  &c.
2.  To be borne on or in a fluid.  A ship rides at anchor; the ark rode on the flood; a balloon rides in the air.
He rode on a cherub and did fly; yea, he did fly on the wings of the wind.  Ps. 18.
3.  To be supported in motion.
Strong as the axle-tree on which heaven rides.
4.  To practice riding.  He rides often for his health.
5.  To manage a horse well.
He rode, he fenc'd, he mov'd with graceful ease.
6.  To be supported by something subservient; to sit.
On whose foolish honesty my practices rid easy.
To ride easy, in seaman's language, is when a ship does not labor or feel a great strain on her cables.
To ride hard, is when a ship pitches violently, so as to strain her cables, masts and hull.
To ride out, as a gale, signifies that a ship does not drive during a storm.
RIDE, v.t.
1.  To sit on, so as to be carried; as, to ride a horse.
They ride the air in whirlwind.
2.  To manage insolently at will; as in priestridden.
The nobility could no longer endure to be ridden by bakers, cobblers and brewers.
3.  To carry.  [Local.]
RIDE, n.
1.  An excursion on horseback or in a vehicle.
2.  A saddle horse.  [Local.]
3.  A road cut in a wood or through a ground for the amusement of riding; a riding.


Topic: Rider
Definition:
RI'DER, n.
1.  One who is borne on a horse or other beast, or in a vehicle.
2.  One who breaks or manages a horse.
3.  The matrix of an ore.
4.  An inserted leaf or an additional clause, as to a bill in parliament.
5.  In ship building, a short of interior rib fixed occasionally in a ships's hold, opposite to some of the timbers to which they are bolted, and reaching from the keelson to the beams of the lower deck, to strengthen her frame.


Topic: Ridge
Definition:
RIDGE, n.  [L. rugo.]
1.  The back or top of the back.
2.  A long or continued range of hills or mountains; or the upper part of such a range.  We say, a long ridge of hills, or the highest ridge.
3.  A steep elevation, eminence or protuberance.
Part rise in crystal wall, or ridge direct.
4.  A long rising land, or a strip of ground thrown up by a plow or left between furrows.  Ps. 65.
5.  The top of the roof of a building.
6.  Any long elevation of land.
7.  Ridges of a horse's mouth, are wrinkles or risings of flesh in the roof of the mouth.
RIDGE, v.t.
1.  To form a ridge; as bristles that ridge the back of a boar.
2.  In tillage, to form into ridges with the plow.  The farmers in Connecticut ridge their land for maize, leaving a balk between two ridges.
3.  To wrinkle.


Topic: Ridicule
Definition:
RID'ICULE, n.  [L. ridiculum, from rideo, to laugh or laugh at.]
1.  Contemptuous laughter; laughter with some degree of contempt; derision.  It expresses less than scorn.  Ridicule is aimed at what is not only laughable, but improper, absurd or despicable.  Sacred subjects should never be treated with ridicule.  [See Ludicrous.]
Ridicule is too rough an entertainment for the polished and refined.  It is banished from France, and is losing ground in England.
2.  That species of writing which excites contempt with laughter.  It differs from burlesque, which may excite laughter without contempt, or it may provoke derision.
Ridicule and derision are not exactly the same, as derision is applied to persons only, and ridicule to persons or things.  We deride the man, but ridicule the man or his performances.
RID'ICULE, v.t.
1.  To laugh at with expressions of contempt; to deride.
2.  To treat with contemptuous merriment; to expose to contempt or derision by writing.
RID'ICULE, a.  Ridiculous.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Ridiculous
Definition:
RIDIC'ULOUS, a.  [L. ridiculus.]
That may justly excite laughter with contempt; as a ridiculous dress; ridiculous behavior.  A fop and a dandy are ridiculous in their dress.


Topic: Riding
Definition:
RI'DING, ppr.  [from ride.]
1.  Passing or traveling on a beast or in a vehicle; floating.
2.  a.  Employed to travel on any occasion.
No suffragan bishop shall have more than one riding apparitor.
RI'DING, n.
1.  A road cut in a wood or through a ground, for the diversion of riding therein.
2.  [corrupted from trithing, third.]  One of the three intermediate jurisdictions between a three and a hundred, into which the county of York, in England, is divided, anciently under the government of a reeve.


Topic: Riding-school
Definition:
RI'DING-SCHOOL, n.  A school or place where the art of riding is taught.  It may in some places be called a riding-house.


Topic: Ridotto
Definition:
RIDOT'TO, n.  [L. reductus.]
1.  A public assembly.
2.  A musical entertainment consisting of singing and dancing, in the latter of which the whole company join.


Topic: Rife
Definition:
RIFE, a.  [Heb. to multiply.]
Prevailing; prevalent.  It is used of epidemic diseases.
The plague was then rife in Hungary.


Topic: Rifely
Definition:
RI'FELY, adv.  Prevalently; frequently.
It was rifely reported that the Turks were coming  in a great fleet.


Topic: Rifle
Definition:
RI'FLE, v.t.  [This is one of the family of rip, rive, reap, raffle, L. rapio.  Eng. rub, &c.]
1.  To seize and bear away by force; to snatch away.
Till time shall rifle ev'ry youthful grace.
2.  To strip; to rob; to pillage; to plunder. 
You have rifled my master.
RI'FLE, n.  [This word belongs to the family of rip, rive, L. rapio, &c. supra.  The word means primarily a channel or groove.]
A gun about the usual length and size of a musket, the inside of whose barrel is rifled, that is, grooved, or formed with spiral channels.
RI'FLE, v.t.  To groove; to channel.


Topic: Rift
Definition:
RIFT, n.  [from rive.]  A cleft; a fissure; an opening made by riving or splitting.
RIFT, v.t.  to cleave; to rive; to split; as, to rift an oak or a rock.
RIFT, v.i.
1.  to burst open; to split.
Timber - not apt to rift with ordnance.
2.  to belch; to break wind.  [Local.]


Topic: Rig
Definition:
RIG, n.  A ridge, which see.
RIG, v.t.
1.  to dress; to put on; when applied to persons, not elegant, but rather a ludicrous word, to express the putting on of a gay, flaunting or unusual dress.
Jack was rigged out in his gold and silver lace, with a feather in his cap.
2.  To furnish with apparatus or gear; to fit with tackling.
3.  To rig a ship, in seamen's language, is to fit the shrouds, stays, braces, &c. to their respective masts and yards.
RIG, n.  [See the Verb.]
1.  Dress; also, bluster.
2.  A romp; a wanton; a strumpet.
To run the rig, to play a wanton trick.
To run the rig upon, to practice a sportive trick on.
RIG, v.i.  to play the wanton.


Topic: Rigadoon
Definition:
RIGADOON', n.  a gay brisk dance performed by one couple, and said to have been borrowed from Provdence in France.


Topic: Rigation
Definition:
RIGA'TION, n.  [L. rigatio, from rigo, Gr.  See Rain.]
The act of watering; but irrigation is generally used.


Topic: Rigging
Definition:
RIG'GING, ppr.  Dressing; fitting with shrouds, braces, &c.
RIG'GING, n.  Dress; tackle; particularly, the ropes which support the masts, extend and contract the sails, &c. of a ship.  This is of two kinds, standing rigging, as the shrouds and stays, and running rigging, such as braces, sheets, halliards, clewlines, &c.


Topic: Right
Definition:
RIGHT, a. rite.  [L. rectus, from the root of rego, properly to strain or stretch, whence straight.]
Properly; strained; stretched to straightness; hence,
1.  Straight.  A right line in geometry is the shortest line that can be drawn or imagined between two points.  A right line may be horizontal, perpendicular, or inclined to the plane of the horizon.
2.  In morals and religion, just; equitable; accordant to the standard of truth and justice or the will of God.  That alone is right in the sight of God, which is consonant to his will or law; this being the only perfect standard of truth and justice.  In social and political affairs, that is right which is consonant to the laws and customs of a country, provided these laws and customs are not repugnant to the laws of God.  A man's intentions may be right, though his actions may be wrong in consequence of a defect in judgment.
3.  Fit; suitable; proper; becoming.  In things indifferent, or which are regulated by no positive law, that is right which is best suited to the character, occasion or purpose, or which is fitted to produce some good effect.  It is right for a rich man to dress himself and his family in expensive clothing, which it would not be right for a poor man to purchase.  It is right for every man to choose his own time for eating or exercise.
Right is a relative term; what may be right for one end, may be wrong for another.
4.  Lawful; as the right heir of an estate.
5.  True; not erroneous or wrong; according to fact.
If there be no prospect beyond the grave, the inference is certainly right, 'let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die.'
6.  Correct; passing a true judgment; not mistaken or wrong.
You are right, justice, and you weigh this well.
7.  Not left; most convenient or dextrous; as the right hand, which is generally most strong or most convenient in use.
8.  Most favorable or convenient.
The lady has been disappointed on the right side.
9.  Properly placed, disposed or adjusted; orderly; well regulated.
10.  Well performed, as an art or act.
11.  Most direct; as the right way from London to Oxford.
12.  Being on the same side as the right hand; as the right side.
13.  Being on the right hand of a person whose face is towards the mouth of a river; as the right bank of the Hudson.
RIGHT, adv.
1.  In a right or straight line; directly.
Let thine eyes look right on.  Prov. 4.
2.  According to the law or will of God, or to the standard of truth and justice; as, to judge right.
3.  According to any rule of art.
You with strict discipline instructed right.
4.  According to fact or truth; as, to tell a story right.
5.  In a great degree; very; as right humble; right noble; right valiant.  [Obsolescent or inelegant.]
6.  It is prefixed to titles; as in right honorable; right reverend.
RIGHT, is used elliptically for it is right, what you say is right, it is true, &c.
Right, cries his lordship.
On the right, on the side with the right hand.
RIGHT, n.
1.  Conformity to the will of God, or to his law, the perfect standard of truth and justice.  In the literal sense, right is a straight line of conduct, and wrong a crooked one.  Right therefore is rectitude or straightness, and perfect rectitude is found only in an infinite Being and his will.
2.  Conformity to human laws, or to other human standard of truth, propriety or justice.  When laws are definite, right and wrong are easily ascertained and understood.  In arts, there are some principles and rules which determine what is right.  In many things indifferent, or left without positive law, we are to judge what is right by fitness or propriety, by custom, civility or other circumstances.
3.  Justice; that which is due or proper; as, to do right to every man.
Long love to her has borne the faithful knight, and well deserv'd had fortune done him right.
4.  Freedom from error; conformity with truth or fact.
Seldom your opinions err, your eyes are always in the right.
5.  Just claim; legal title; ownership; the legal power of exclusive possession and enjoyment.  In hereditary monarchies, a right to the throne vests in the heir on the decease of the king.  A deed vests the right of possession in the purchaser of land.  Right and possession are very different things.  We often have occasion to demand and sue for rights not in possession.
6.  Just claim by courtesy, customs, or the principles of civility and decorum.  Every man has a right to civil treatment.  The magistrate has a right to respect.
7.  Just claim by sovereignty; prerogative.  God, as the author of all things, has a right to govern and dispose of them at his pleasure.
8.  That which justly belongs to one.
Born free, he sought his right.
9.  Property; interest.
A subject in his prince may claim a right.
10.  Just claim; immunity; privilege.  All men have a right to the secure enjoyment of life, personal safety, liberty and property.  We deem the right of trial by jury invaluable, particularly in the case of crimes.  Rights are natural, civil, political, religious, personal, and public.
11.  Authority; legal power.  We have no right to disturb others in the enjoyment of their religious opinions.
12.  In the United States, a tract of land; or a share or proportion of property, as in a mine or manufactory.
13.  The side opposite to the left; as on the right.  Look to the right.
1.  To rights, in a direct line; straight.  [Unusual.]
2.  Directly; soon.
To set to rights,
To put to rights,  to put into good order; to adjust; to regulate what is out of order.
Bill of rights, a list of rights; a paper containing a declaration of rights, or the declaration itself.
Writ of right, a writ which lies to recover lands in fee simple, unjustly withheld from the true owner.
RIGHT, v.t.
1.  To do justice to; to relieve from wrong; as, to right an injured person.
2.  In seamen's language, to right a ship, is to restore her to an upright position from a careen.
To right the helm, to place it in the middle of the ship.
RIGHT, v.i.  To rise with the masts erect, as a ship.


Topic: Right-hand
Definition:
RIGHT-HAND, n.  The hand opposite to the left, usually the strongest, most convenient or dextrous hand, and hence its name in other languages, as well as in our.


Topic: Righteous
Definition:
RIGHTEOUS, a. ri'chus.
1.  Just; accordant to the divine law.  Applied to persons, it denotes one who is holy in heart, and observant of the divine commands in practice; as a righteous man.  Applied to things, it denotes consonant to the divine will or to justice; as a righteous act.  It is used chiefly in theology, and applied to God, to his testimonies and to his saints.
The righteous, in Scripture, denote the servants of God, the saints.
2.  Just; equitable; merited.
And I thy righteous doom will bless.


Topic: Righteously
Definition:
RIGHTEOUSLY, adv.  ri'chusly.  Justly; in accordance with the laws of justice; equitably; as a criminal righteously condemned.
Thou shalt judge the people righteously.  Ps. 67.


Topic: Righteousness
Definition:
RIGHTEOUSNESS, n.  ri'chusness.  
1.  Purity of heart and rectitude of life; conformity of heart and life to the divine law.  Righteousness, as used in Scripture and theology, in which it is chiefly used, is nearly equivalent to holiness, comprehending holy principles and affections of heart, and conformity of life to the divine law.  It includes all we call justice, honesty and virtue, with holy affections; in short, it is true religion.
2.  Applied to God, the perfection or holiness of his nature; exact rectitude; faithfulness.
3.  The active and passive obedience of Christ, by which the law of God is fulfilled.  Daniel 9.
4.  Justice; equity between man and man.  Luke 1.
5.  The cause of our justification.
The Lord our righteousness.  Jer. 23.


Topic: Rightful
Definition:
RIGHTFUL, a.  
1.  Having the right or just claim according to established laws; as the rightful heir to a throne or an estate.
2.  Being by right, or by just claim; as a rightful lord; rightful property; rightful judge.
3.  Just; consonant to justice; as a rightful cause; a rightful war.


Topic: Rightfulness
Definition:
RIGHTFULNESS, n.  
1.  Justice; accordance with the rules of right; as the rightfulness of a claim to lands or tenements.
2.  Moral rectitude.
But still although we fail of perfect rightfulness.  [Not usual.]


Topic: Rightly
Definition:
RIGHTLY, adv.
1.  According to justice; according to the divine will or moral rectitude; as duty rightly performed.
2.  Properly; fitly; suitably; as a person rightly named.
3.  According to truth or fact; not erroneously.  He has rightly conjectured.
4.  Honestly; uprightly.
5.  Exactly.
Thou didst not rightly see.
6.  Straightly; directly.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Rightness
Definition:
RIGHTNESS, n.  
1.  Correctness; conformity to truth or to the divine will, which is the standard of moral rectitude.  It is important that a man should have such persuasion of the rightness of his conscience as to exclude rational doubt.
2.  Straightness; as the rightness of a line.


Topic: Rigid
Definition:
RIG'ID, a.  [Gr. to be stiff; L. frigeo, frigidus;  Heb. to be still, to be stiff.]
1.  Stiff; not pliant; not easily bent.  It is applied to bodies or substances that are naturally soft or flexible, but not fluid.  We never say, a rigid stone or rigid iron, nor do we say, rigid ice; but we say, an animal body or limb, when cold, is rigid.  Rigid is then opposed to flexible, but expresses less than inflexible.
2.  Strict in opinion, practice or discipline; severe in temper; opposed to lax or indulgent; as a rigid father or master; a rigid officer.
3.  Strict; exact; as a rigid law or rule; rigid discipline; rigid criticism.
4.  Severely just; as a rigid sentence or judgment.
5.  Exactly according to the sentence or law; as rigid execution.


Topic: Rigidity
Definition:
RIGID'ITY, n.  [L. rigiditas.]
1.  Stiffness; want of pliability; the quality of not being easily bent.
2.  A brittle hardness, as opposed to ductibility, malleability and softness.
3.  Stiffness of appearance or manner; want of ease or airy elegance.


Topic: Rigidly
Definition:
RIG'IDLY, adv.  
1.  Stuffy; unpliantly.
2.  Severely; strictly; exactly; without laxity, indulgence or abatement; as, to judge rigidly; to criticize rigidly; to execute a law rigidly.


Topic: Rigidness
Definition:
RIG'IDNESS, n.
1.  Stiffness of a body; the quality of not being easily bent; as the rigidness of a limb or of flesh.
2.  Severity of temper; strictness in opinion or practice; but expressing less than inflexibility.


Topic: Riglet
Definition:
RIG'LET, n.  [L. regula, rego.]  a flat thin piece of wood, used for picture frames; also used in printing; to regulate the margin, 7c.


Topic: Rigoli
Definition:
RIG'OLI, n.  a musical instrument consisting of several sticks bound together, but separated by beads.


Topic: Rigor
Definition:
RIG'OR, n.  [L.  from rigeo, to be stiff.
1.  Stiffness; rigidness; as Gorgonian rigor.
2.  In medicine, a sense of chilliness, with contradiction of the skin; a convulsive shuddering or slight tremor, as in the cold fit of a fever.
3.  Stiffness of opinion or temper; severity; sternness.
All his rigor is turned to grief and pity.
4.  Severity of life; austerity; voluntary submission to pain, abstinence or mortification.
5.  Strictness; exactness without allowance, latitude or indulgence; as the rigor of criticism; to execute a law with rigor; to enforce moral duties with rigor.
6.  violence; fury.  [Not in use.]
7.  Hardness; solidity.  [Unusual.]
8.  Severity; asperity; as the rigors of a cold winter.


Topic: Rigorous
Definition:
RIG'OROUS, a.
1.  Severe; allowing no abatement or mitigation; as a rigorous officer of justice.
2.  Severe; exact; strict; without abatement or relaxation; as a rigorous execution of law; an enforcement of rigorous discipline.
3.  Exact; strict; scrupulously accurate; as a rigorous definition or demonstration.
4.  Severe; very cold; as a rigorous winter.


Topic: Rigorously
Definition:
RIG'OROUSLY, adv.
1.  Severely; without relaxation, abatement or mitigation; as a sentence rigorously executed.
2.  Strictly; exactly; with scrupulous nicety; rigidly.
The people would examine his works more vigorously than himself.


Topic: Rill
Definition:
RILL, n.
A small brook; a rivulet; a streamlet.
RILL, v.i.  to run in a small stream, or in streamlets.


Topic: Rim
Definition:
RIM, n.  
1.  the border, edge or margin of a thing; as the rim of a kettle or bason; usually applied to things circular or curving.
2.  the lower part of the belly or abdomen.
RIM, v.t.  to put on a rim or hoop at the border.


Topic: Rime
Definition:
RIME,  n.  [The deduction of this word from the Greek is a palpable error.  The true orthography is rime or ryme; but as rime is hoar frost, and rhyme gives the true pronunciation, it may be convenient to continue the present orthography.
1.  In poetry, the correspondence of sounds in the terminating words or syllables of two verses, one of which succeeds the other immediately, or at no great distance.
For rhyme with reason may dispense, and sound has right to govern sense.
To constitute this correspondence in single words or in syllables, it is necessary that the vowel, and the final articulations or consonants, should be the same, or have nearly the same sound.  The initial consonants may be different, as in find and mind, new and drew, cause and laws.
2.  A harmonical succession of sounds.
The youth with songs and rhymes, some dance, and some haul the rope.
3.  Poetry; a poem.
He knew himself to sing, and build the lofty rhyme.
4.  A word of sound to answer to another word.
Rhyme or reason, number or sense.
But from that time unto this season, I had neither rhyme nor reason.


Topic: Rind
Definition:
RIND, n.  [Gr.]
The bark of a plant; the skin or coat of fruit that may be pared or peeled off; also, the inner bark of trees.
RIND, v.t. To bark; to decorticate. [Not in use.]


Topic: Ring
Definition:
RING, n.  
1.  A circle, or a circular line, or any thing in the form of a circular line or hoop.  Thus we say of men, they formed themselves into a ring, to see a wrestling match.  Rings of gold were made for the ark.  Ex. 25.  Rings of gold or other material are worn on the fingers and sometimes in the ears, as ornaments.
2.  A circular course.
Place me, O place me in the dusty ring, where youthful charioteers contend for glory.
RING, n.  [from the verb.]  
1.  A sound; particularly, the sound of metals; as the ring of a bell.
2.  Any loud sound, or the sounds of numerous voices; or sound continued, repeated or reverberated; as the ring of acclamations.
3.  A chime, or set of bells harmonically tuned.
RING, v.t. pret. and pp. rung.
To cause to sound, particularly by striking a metallic body; as, to ring a bell.  This word expresses appropriately the sounding of metals.
RING, v.t.  [from the noun.
1.  To encircle.
2.  To fit with rings, as the fingers, or as a swine's snout.  Farmers ring swine to prevent their rooting.
And ring these fingers with thy household worms.
RING, v.i.
1.  To sound, as a bell or other sonorous body, particularly a metallic one.
2.  To practice the art of making music with bells.
3.  To sound; to resound.
With sweeter notes each rising temple rung.
4.  To utter, as a bell; to sound.
The shardborn beetle with his drowsy hums, hath rung night's yawning peal.
5.  To tinkle; to have the sensation of sound continued.
My ears still ring with noise.
6.  To be filled with report or talk.  The whole town rings with his fame.


Topic: Ring-streaked
Definition:
RING'-STREAKED, a.  [ring and streak.]  Having circular streaks or lines on the body; as ring-streaked goats.  Gen. 30.


Topic: Ring-worm
Definition:
RING'-WORM, n.  [ring and worm.]  A circular eruption on the skin; a kind of tetter.  [Herpes serpigo.]


Topic: Ringent
Definition:
RING'ENT, a.  [L. ringor, to make wry faces, that is, to wring or twist.]
In botany, a ringent or labiate corol is one which is irregular, monopetalous, with the border usually divided into two parts called the upper and lower lip; or irregular and gaping, like the mouth of an animal.


Topic: Ringing
Definition:
RING'ING, ppr.  Causing to sound, as a bell; sounding; fitting with rings.
RING'ING, n.  The act of sounding or of causing to sound.


Topic: Ringleader
Definition:
RING'LEADER, n.  [ring and leader.]  The leader of any association of men engaged in violating of law or an illegal enterprise, as rioters, mutineers and the like.  this name is derived from the practice which men associating to oppose law have sometimes adopted, of signing their names to articles of agreement in a ring, that no one of their number might be distinguished as the leader.


Topic: Ringlet
Definition:
RING'LET, n.  
1.  A small ring.
2.  A curl; particularly, a curl of hair.
Her golden tresses in wanton ringlets wav'd
3.  A circle.
To dance our ringlets in the whistling wind.


Topic: Rinse
Definition:
RINSE, v.t. rins.  [Our common people pronounce this word rens, retaining their native pronunciation.  This is one of a thousand instances in which the purity of our vernacular language has been corrupted by those who have understood French better than their mother tongue.]
1.  To wash; to cleanse by washing.  But in present usage,
2.  To cleanse with a second or repeated application of water, after washing.  We distinguish washing from rinsing.  Washing is performed by rubbing, or with the use of soap; rinsing is performed with clean water, without much rubbing or the use of soap.  Clothes are rinsed by dipping and dashing; and vessels are rinsed by dashing water on them, or by slight rubbing.  A close barrel may be rinsed, but cannot well be washed.


Topic: Riot
Definition:
RI'OT, n.
1.  In a general sense, tumult; uproar; hence technically, in law, a riotous assembling of twelve persons or more, and not dispersing upon proclamation.
The definition of riot must depend on the laws.  In Connecticut, the assembling of three persons or more, to do an unlawful act by violence against the person or property of another, and not dispersing upon proclamation, is declared to be a riot.  In Massachusetts and New Hampshire, the number necessary to constitute a riot is twelve.
2.  Uproar; wild and noisy festivity.
3.  Excessive and expensive feasting.  2Peter 2.
4.  Luxury.
The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed today.
To run riot, to act or move without control or restraint.
RI'OT, v.i.
1.  To revel; to run to excess in feasting, drinking or other sensual indulgences.
2.  To luxuriate; to be highly excited.
No pulse that riots, and no blood that glows.
3.  To banquet; to live in luxury; to enjoy.
How base is the ingratitude which forgets the benefactor, while it is rioting on the benefit!
4.  To raise an uproar or sedition.


Topic: Rioter
Definition:
RI'OTER, n.
1.  One who indulges in loose festivity or excessive feasting.
2.  In law, one guilty of meeting with others to do an unlawful act, and declining to retire upon proclamation.


Topic: Riotous
Definition:
RI'OTOUS, a.  
1.  Luxurious; wanton or licentious in festive indulgences; as riotous eaters of flesh.  Prov. 23.
2.  Consisting of riot; tumultuous; partaking of the nature of an unlawful assembly; seditious.
3.  Guilty of riot; applied to persons.


Topic: Riotously
Definition:
RI'OTOUSLY, adv. 
1.  With excessive or licentious luxury.
2.  In the manner of an unlawful assembly; tumultuously; seditiously.


Topic: Rip
Definition:
RIP, v.t.  [L. rapio.  Eng. reap and rive; allied perhaps to the L. crepo.]
1.  To separate by cutting or tearing; to tear or cut open or off; to tear off or out by violence; as, to rip open a garment by cutting the stitches; to rip off the skin of a beast; to rip open a sack; to rip off the shingles or clapboards of a house; to rip up a floor.  We never use lacerate in these senses, but apply it to a partial tearing of the skin and flesh.
2.  To take out or away by cutting or tearing.
He'll rip the fatal secret from her heart.
3.  To tear up for search or disclosure or for alteration; to search to the bottom; with up.
You rip up the original of Scotland.
They ripped up all that had been done from the beginning of the rebellion.
4.  To rip out, as an oath.  [L crepo.]
RIP, n.  
1.  A tearing; a place torn; laceration.
2.  A wicker basket to carry fish in.
3.  Refuse.  [Not in use or local.]


Topic: Ripe
Definition:
RIPE, a.
1.  Brought to perfection in growth or to the best state; mature; fit for use; as ripe fruit; ripe corn.
2.  Advanced to perfection; matured; as ripe judgment, or ripe in judgment.
3.  Finished; consummate; as a ripe scholar.
4.  Brought to the point of taking effect; matured; ready; prepared; as things just ripe for war.
5.  Fully qualified by improvement; prepared; as a student ripe for the university; a saint ripe for heaven.
6.  Resembling the ripeness of fruit; as a ripe lip.
7.  Complete; proper for use.
When time is ripe.
8.  Maturated; suppurated; as an abscess or tumor.
RIPE, v.i.  To ripen; to grow ripe; to be matured.  [Not used.  See Ripen.]
RIPE, v.t.  To mature; to ripen.  [Not used.]


Topic: Ripen
Definition:
RIPEN, v.i. ri'pn.
1.  To grow ripe; to be matured; as grain or fruit.  Grain ripens best in dry weather.
2.  To approach or come to perfection; to be fitted or prepared; as, a project is ripening for execution.
RIPEN, v.t. ri'pn.  
1.  To mature; to make ripe; as grain or fruit.
2.  To mature; to fit or prepare; as, to ripen one for heaven.
3.  To bring to perfection; as, to ripen the judgment.


Topic: Ripeness
Definition:
RI'PENESS, n.
1.  The state of being ripe or brought to that state of perfection which fits for use; maturity; as the ripeness of grain.
2.  Full growth.
Time which made them their fame outlive, to Cowley scarce did ripeness give.
3.  Perfection; completeness; as the ripeness of virtue, wisdom or judgment.
4.  Fitness; qualification.
5.  Complete maturation or suppuration, as of an ulcer or abscess.
6.  A state of preparation; as the ripeness of a project for execution.


Topic: Riphean
Definition:
RIPHE'AN, a.  An epithet given to certain mountains in the north of Asia, probably signifying snowy mountains.


Topic: Ripping
Definition:
RIP'PING, ppr.  Cutting or tearing off or open; tearing up.
RIP'PING, n.  
1.  A tearing.
2.  A discovery.  Obs.


Topic: Ripple
Definition:
RIP'PLE, v.i.
To fret on the surface; as water when agitated or running over a rough bottom, appears rough and broken, or as if ripped or torn.
RIP'PLE, v.t.
1.  To clean, as flax.
2.  To agitate the surface of water.
RIP'PLE, n.
1.  The fretting of the surface of water; little curling waves.
2.  A large comb or hatchel for cleaning flax.


Topic: Rippling
Definition:
RIP'PLING, ppr.  Fretting on the surface.
RIP'PLING, n.  
1.  The ripple dashing on the shore, or the noise of it.
2.  The act or method of cleaning flax; a hatcheling.


Topic: Rise
Definition:
RISE, v.i. rize. pret. rose; pp. risen; pron. rose, rizn.  [See Raise.]
1.  To move to pass upward in any manner; to ascend; as, a fog rises from a river or from low ground; a fish rises in water; fowls rise in the air; clouds rise from the horizon towards the meridian; a balloon rises above the clouds.
2.  To get up; to leave the place of sleep or rest; as, to rise from bed.
3.  To get up or move from any recumbent to an erect posture; as, to rise after a fall.
4.  To get up from a seat; to leave a sitting posture; as, to rise from a sofa or chair.
5.  To spring; to grow; as a plant; hence, to be high or tall.  A tree rises to the height of 60 feet.
6.  To swell in quantity or extent; to be more elevated; as, a river rises after a rain.
7.  To break forth; to appear; as, a boil rises on the skin.
8.  To appear above the horizon; to shine; as, the sun or a star rises.
He maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good.  Matt. 5.
9.  To begin to exist; to originate; to come into being or notice.  Great evils sometimes rise from small imprudences.
10.  To be excited; to begin to move or act; as, the wind rose at 12 o'clock.
11.  To increase in violence.  The wind continued to rise till 3 o'clock.
12.  To appear in view; as, to rise up to the reader's view.
13.  To appear in sight; also, to appear more elevated; as in sailing towards a shore, the land rises.
14.  To change a station; to leave a place; as, to rise from a siege.
15.  To spring; to be excited or produced.  A thought now rises in my mind.
16.  To gain elevation in rank, fortune or public estimation; to be promoted.  Men may rise by industry, by merit, by favor, or by intrigue.
Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall.
When the wicked rise, men hide themselves.  Prov. 28.
17.  To break forth into public commotions; to make open opposition to government; or to assemble and oppose government; or to assemble in arms for attacking another nation.  The Greeks have risen against their oppressors.
No more shall nation against nation rise.
18.  To be excited or roused into action.
Rise up to the battle.  Jer. 49.
19.  To make a hostile attack; as when a man riseth against his neighbor.  Deut. 22.
Also, to rebel.  2Sam. 18.
20.  To increase; to swell; to grow more or greater.  A voice, feeble at first, rises to thunder.  The price of good rises.  The heat rises to intensity.
21.  To be improved; to recover from depression; as, a family may rise after misfortune to opulence and splendor.
22.  To elevate the style or manner; as, to rise in force of expression; to rise in eloquence.
23.  To be revived from death.
The dead in Christ shall rise first.  1Thess. 4.
24.  To come by chance.
25.  To ascend; to be elevated above the level or surface; as, the ground rises gradually one hundred yards.  The Andes rise more than 20,000 feet above the level of the ocean; a mountain in Asia is said to rise still higher.
26.  To proceed from.
A scepter shall rise out of Israel.  Numbers 24.
27.  To have its sources in.  Rivers rise in lakes, ponds and springs.
28.  To be moved, roused, excited, kindled or inflamed, as passion.  His wrath rose to rage.
29.  To ascend in the diatonic scale; as, to rise a tone or semitone.
30.  To amount.  The public debt rises to a hundred million.
31.  To close a session.  We say, congress will rise on the 4th of March; the legislature or the court will rise on a certain day.
This verb is written also arise, which see.  In general, it is indifferent which orthography is used; but custom has, in some cases, established one to the exclusion of the other.  Thus we never say, the price of goods arises, when we mean advanced, but we always say, the price rises.  We never say, the ground arises to a certain altitude, and rarely, a man arises into an office or station.  It is hardly possible to class or define the cases in which usage has established a difference in the orthography of this verb.
RISE, n. rise.
1.  The act of rising, either in a literal or figurative sense; ascent; as the rise of vapor in the air; the rise of mercury in the barometer; the rise of water in a river.
2.  The act of springing or mounting from the ground; as the rise of the feet in leaping.
3.  Ascent; elevation, or degree of ascent; as the rise of a hill or mountain.
4.  Spring; source; origin; as the rise of a stream in a mountain.  All sin has its rise in the heart.
5.  Any place elevated above the common level; as a rise of land.
6.  Appearance above the horizon; as the rise of the sun or a star.
7.  Increase; advance; as a rise in the price of wheat.
8.  Advance in rank, honor, property or fame.  Observe a man after his rise to office, or a family after its rise from obscurity.
9.  Increase of sound on the same key; a swelling of the voice.
10.  Elevation or ascent of the voice in the diatonic scale; as a rise of a tone or semitone.
11.  Increase; augmentation.
12.  A bough or branch.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Risibility
Definition:
RISIBIL'ITY, n.  [from risible.] 
1.  The quality of laughing, or of being capable of laughter.  Risibility is peculiar to the human species.
2.  Proneness to laugh.


Topic: Risible
Definition:
RI'SIBLE, a.  [L. risibilis, from rideo, risi, to laugh.  See Ridiculous.]
1.  Having the faculty or power of laughing.  Man is a risible animal.
2.  Laughable; capable of exciting laughter.  The description of Falstaff in Shakespeare, exhibits a risible scene.  Risible differs from ludicrous, as species from genus; ludicrous expressing that which is playful and sportive; risible, that which may excite laughter.  Risible differs from ridiculous, as the latter implies something mean or contemptible, and risible does not.


Topic: Rising
Definition:
RI'SING, ppr.
1.  Getting up; ascending; mounting; springing; proceeding from; advancing; swelling; increasing; appearing above the horizon; reviving from death, &c.
2.  Increasing in wealth, power or distinction; as a rising state; a rising character.
RI'SING, n.
1.  The act of getting up from any recumbent or sitting posture.
2.  The act of ascending; as the rising of vapor.
3.  The act of closing a session, as of a public body; as the rising of the legislature.
4.  The appearance of the sun or a star above the horizon.
5.  The act of reviving from the dead; resurrection.  
Mark 9.
6.  A tumor on the body.  Lev. 13.
7.  An assembling in opposition to government; insurrection; sedition or mutiny.


Topic: Risk
Definition:
RISK, n.
1.  Hazard; danger; peril; exposure to harm.  He, at the risk of his life, saved a drowning man.
2.  In commerce, the hazard of loss, either of ship, goods or other property.  Hence, risk signifies also the degree of hazard or danger; for the premiums of insurance are calculated upon the risk.  The underwriters now take risks at a low premium.
To run a risk, is to incur hazard; to encounter danger.
RISK, v.t.
1.  To hazard; to endanger; to expose to injury or loss; as, to risk goods on board of a ship; to risk one's person in battle; to risk one's fame by a publication; to risk life in defense of rights.
2.  To venture; to dare to undertake; as, to risk a battle or combat.


Topic: Rite
Definition:
RITE, n.  [L. ritus.]
The manner of performing divine or solemn service as established by law, precept or custom; formal act of religion, or other solemn duty.  The rites of the Israelites were numerous and expensive; the rites of modern churches are more simple.  Funeral rites are very different in different countries.  The sacrament is a holy rite.


Topic: Ritual
Definition:
RIT'UAL, a.
1.  Pertaining to rites; consisting of rites; as ritual service or sacrifices.
2.  Prescribing rites; as the ritual law.
RIT'UAL, n.  A book containing the rites to be observed, or the manner of performing divine service in a particular church, diocese or the like.


Topic: Rival
Definition:
RI'VAL, n.  [L. rivalis; Heb. to contend, to strive.  See Raffle.]
1.  One who is in pursuit of the same object as another; one striving to reach or obtain something which another is attempting to obtain, and which one only can possess; a competitor; as rivals in love; rivals for a crown.  Love will not patiently bear a rival.
2.  One striving to equal or exceed another in excellence; as two rivals in eloquence.
3.  An antagonist; a competitor in any pursuit or strife.
RI'VAL, a.  Having the same pretensions or claims; standing in competition for superiority; as rival lovers; rival claims or pretensions.
Equal in years and rival in renown.
RI'VAL, v.t.
1.  To stand in competition with; to strive to gain the object which another is contending for; as, to rival one in love.
2.  To strive to equal or excel; to emulate.
To rival thunder in its rapid course.
RI'VAL, v.i.  To be competitors.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Rivalry
Definition:
RI'VALRY, n.  [from rival.]  Competition; a strife or effort to obtain an object which another is pursuing; as rivalry in love; or an endeavor to equal or surpass another in some excellence; emulation; as rivalry for superiority at the bar or in the senate.


Topic: Rivalship
Definition:
RI'VALSHIP, n.  
1.  The state or character of a rival.
2.  Strife; contention for superiority; emulation; rivalry.


Topic: Rive
Definition:
RIVE, v.t. pret. rived; pp. rived or riven.  [L. rumpo, rupi.  It may be allied to the family of L. rapio, reap, rip.]
To split; to cleave; to rend asunder by force; as, to rive timber for rails or shingles with wedges; the riven oak; the riven clouds.
The scolding winds have riv'd the knotty oaks.
RIVE, v.i.  To be split or rent asunder.
Freestone rives, splits and breaks in any direction.


Topic: Rivel
Definition:
RIV'EL, v.t.  [This word is obsolete, but shrivel, from the same root, is in use.  It may be allied to ruffle.]
To contract into wrinkles; to shrink; as riveled fruits; riveled flowers.


Topic: Rivet
Definition:
RIV'ET, v.t.  [Heb. to drive.]
1.  To fasten with a rivet or with rivets; as, to rivet two pieces of iron.
2.  To clinch; as, to rivet a pin or bolt.
3.  To fasten firmly; to make firm, strong or immovable; as, to rivet friendship or affection.
RIV'ET, n.  a pin of iron or other metal with a head, driven through a piece of timber or metal, and the point bent or spread and beat down fast, to prevent its being drawn out; or a pin or bolt clinched at both ends.


Topic: Rivulet
Definition:
RIV'ULET, n.  [L. rivulus.]  A small stream or book; a streamlet.
By fountain or by shady rivulet, he sought them.


Topic: Rix-dollar
Definition:
RIX-DOL'LAR, n.
A silver coin of Germany, Denmark and Sweden, of different value in different places.  In Hamburg and some other parts of Germany, its value is the same as the American dollar, or 4-6d sterling.  In other parts of Germany, its value is 3-6d sterling, or about 78 cents.


Topic: Roach
Definition:
ROACH, n.  
A fish of the genus Cyprinus, found in fresh water, easily caught and tolerably good for food.
As sound as a roach, is a phrase supposed to have been originally, as sound as a rock.


Topic: Road
Definition:
ROAD, n.  [L. gradior.  See Grade.]
1.  An open way or public passage; ground appropriated for travel, forming a communication between one city, town or place and another.  The word is generally applied to highways, and as a generic term it includes highway, street and lane.  The military roads of the Romans were paved with stone, or formed of gravel or pebbles, and some of them remain to this day entire.
2.  A place where ships may ride at anchor at some distance from the shore; sometimes called roadstead, that is, a place for riding, meaning at anchor.
3.  A journey.  [Not used, but we still use ride as a noun; as a long ride; a short ride; the same word differently written.]
4.  An inroad; incursion of an enemy.  [Not in use.]
On the road, passing; traveling.


Topic: Roam
Definition:
ROAM, v.i.  [If m is radical, this word seems to be connected with ramble, L. ramus.]
To wander; to ramble; to rove; to walk or move about from place to place without any certain purpose or direction.  The wolf and the savage roam in the forest.
Daphne roaming through a thorny wood.
ROAM, v.t.  To range; to wander over; as, to roam the woods; but the phrase is elliptical.


Topic: Roan
Definition:
ROAN, a.  A roan horse is one that is of a bay, sorrel or dark color, with spots of gray or white thickly interspersed.


Topic: Roar
Definition:
ROAR, v.i.
1.  To cry with a full, loud, continued sound; to bellow, as a beast; as a roaring bull; a roaring lion.
2.  To cry aloud, as in distress.
The suff'ring chief roar'd out for anguish.
3.  To cry aloud; to bawl; as a child.
4.  To cause a loud continued sound.  We say, the sea or the wind roars; a company roar in acclamation.
5.  To make a loud noise.
The brazen throat of war had ceas'd to roar.
ROAR, n.
1.  A full loud sound of some continuance; the cry of a beast; as the roar of a lion or bull.
2.  The loud cry of a child or person in distress.
3.  Clamor; outcry of joy or mirth; as a roar of laughter.  he set the company in a roar.
4.  The loud continued sound of the sea in a storm, or the howling of a tempest.
5.  Any loud sound of some continuance; as the roar of cannon.


Topic: Roaring
Definition:
ROARING, ppr.  Crying like a bull or lion; uttering a deep loud sound.
ROARING, n.  The cry of a lion or other beast; outcry of distress,  Job 3; loud continued sound of the billows of the sea or of a tempest.  Is. 5.


Topic: Roast
Definition:
ROAST, v.t.  [If the verb is from the noun, the sense is to dress or cook on a gridiron or grate, and rist, rost, coincide in elements with L. rastellum, a rake.  If the verb is the root, the sense probably is to contract or crisp, or to throw or agitate, hence to make rough.]
1.  To cook, dress or prepare meat for the table by exposing it to heat, as on a spit.  In a bake-pan, in an oven or the like.  We now say, to roast meat on a spit, in a pan, or in a tin oven, &c.; to bake meat in an oven; to broil meat on a gridiron.
2.  To prepare for food by exposure to heat; as, to roast apples or potatoes; to roast eggs.
3.  To heat to excess; to heat violently.
Roasted in wrath and fire.
4.  To dry and parch by exposure to heat; as, to roast coffee.
5.  In metallurgy, to dissipate the volatile parts of ore by heat.
6.  In common discourse, to jeer; to banter severely.
ROAST, n.  That which is roasted.
ROAST, a.  [for roasted.]  Roasted; as roast beef.
ROAST, n.  In the phrase, to rule the roast, this word is a corrupt pronunciation.


Topic: Roasting
Definition:
ROASTING, ppr.  
1.  Preparing for the table by exposure to heat on a spit; drying and parching.
2.  Bantering with severity.
ROASTING, n.  A severe teasing or bantering.


Topic: Rob
Definition:
ROB, n.  
The inspissated juice of ripe fruit, mixed with honey or sugar to the consistence of a conserve.
ROB, v.t.
1.  In law, to take from the person of another feloniously, forcibly and by putting him in fear; as, to rob a passenger on the road.
2.  To seize and carry from any thing by violence and with felonious intent; as, to rob a coach; to rob the mail.
3.  To plunder; to strip unlawfully; as, to rob an orchard; to rob a man of his just praise.
4.  To take away by oppression or by violence.
Rob not the poor because he is poor.  Prov. 22.
5.  To take from; to deprive.  A large tree robs smaller plants near it of their nourishment.
6.  In a loose sense, to steal; to take privately without permission of the owner.
7.  To withhold what is due.  Mal 3.


Topic: Robber
Definition:
ROB'BER, n.
1.  In law, one that takes goods or money from the person of another by force or menaces, and with a felonious intent.
2.  In a looser sense, one who takes that to which he has no right; one who steals, plunders or strips by violence and wrong.


Topic: Robbery
Definition:
ROB'BERY, n.  
1.  In law, the forcible and felonious taking from the person of another any money or goods, putting him in fear, that is, by violence or by menaces of death or personal injury.  Robbery differs from theft, as it is a violent felonious taking from the person or presence of another; whereas theft is a felonious taking of goods privately from the person, dwelling, &c. of another.  These words should not be confounded.
2.  A plundering; a pillaging; a taking away by violence, wrong or oppression.


Topic: Robbing
Definition:
ROB'BING, ppr.  Feloniously taking from the person of another; putting him in fear; stripping; plundering; taking from another unlawfully or by wrong or oppression.


Topic: Robertsman
Definition:
ROB'ERTSMAN, n.  In the old statutes of England, a bold stout robber or night thief, said to be so called from Robinhood, a famous robber. 


Topic: Robin
Definition:
ROB'IN, n.  [L. rubecula, from rubeo, to be red.]
1.  A bird of the genus Motacilla, called also redbreast.  This is the English application of the word.
2.  In the United States, a bird with a red breast, a species of Turdus.


Topic: Roborant
Definition:
ROB'ORANT, a.  [L. roborans, roboro.]  Strengthening.
ROB'ORANT, n.  A medicine that strengthens; but corroborant is generally used.


Topic: Robust
Definition:
ROBUST', a.  [L. robustus, from robur, strength.]
1.  Strong; lusty; sinewy; muscular; vigorous; forceful; as a robust body; robust youth.  It implies full flesh and sound health.
2.  Sound; vigorous; as robust health.
3.  Violent; rough; rude.
Romp loving miss is haul'd about in gallantry robust.
4.  Requiring strength; as robust employment.
[Note.  This is one of the words in which we observe a strong tendency in practice to accentuate the first syllable, as in access; and there are many situations of the word in which this is the preferable pronunciation.  Robustious is extremely vulgar, and in the United States nearly obsolete.]


Topic: Robustness
Definition:
ROBUST'NESS, n.  Strength; vigor, or the condition of the body when it has full firm flesh and sound health.


Topic: Rochet
Definition:
ROCH'ET, n.
A surplice; the white upper garment of a priest worn while officiating.
ROCH'ET, n.  A fish, the roach, which see.


Topic: Rock
Definition:
ROCK, n.  [Gr.,  L. rupes, from the root of rumpo, to break or burst.  If this is not the origin of rock, I know not to what root to assign it.]
1.  A large mass of stony matter, usually compounded of two or more simple minerals, either bedded in the earth or resting on its surface.  Sometimes rocks compose the principal part of huge mountains; sometimes hugh rocks lie on the surface of the earth, in detached blocks or masses.  Under this term, mineralogists class all mineral substances, coal, gypsum, salt, &c.
2.  In Scripture, figuratively, defense; means of safety; protection; strength; asylum. 
The Lord is my rock.  2Sam. 22.
3.  Firmness; a firm or immovable foundation.  Ps. 28.
Matt. 7.  Matt. 16.
4.  A species of vulture or condor.
5.  A fabulous bird in the Eastern tales.
ROCK, n.
A distaff used in spinning; the staff or frame about which flax is arranged, from which the thread is drawn in spinning.

ROCK, v.t.
1.  To move backward and forward, as a body resting on a foundation; as, to rock a cradle; to rock a chair; to rock a mountain.  It differs from shake, as denoting a slower and more uniform motion, or larger movements.  It differs from swing, which expresses a vibratory motion of something suspended.
A rising earthquake rock'd the ground.
2.  To move backwards and forwards in a cradle, chair, &c.; as, to rock a child to sleep.
3.  To lull to quiet.
Sleep rock thy brain.  [Unusual.]
ROCK, v.i.  To be moved backwards and forwards; to reel.
The rocking town supplants their footsteps.


Topic: Rock-crystal
Definition:
ROCK-CRYS'TAL, n.  The most perfect variety of silicious earth or quartz; limpid quartz.  When purest it is white or colorless, but it is found of a grayish or yellowish white, pale yellow or citron.  Its most usual form is that of hexagonal prisms, surmounted by hexagonal pyramids.


Topic: Rock-ruby
Definition:
ROCK-RUBY, n.  A name sometimes given to the garnet, when it is of a strong, but not a deep red, and has a cast of blue.


Topic: Rock-salt
Definition:
ROCK'-SALT, n.  Fossil or mineral salt; salt dug from the earth; muriate of soda.  But in America, this name is sometimes given to salt that comes in large crystals from the West Indies, which salt is formed by evaporation from sea water, in large basons or cavities, on the isles.  Hexahedral rock-salt occurs foliated and fibrous.


Topic: Rocker
Definition:
ROCK'ER, n.  One who rocks the cradle; also, the curving piece of wood on which a cradle or chair rocks.


Topic: Rocket
Definition:
ROCK'ET, n.
An artificial fire-work, consisting of a cylindrical case of paper, filled with a composition of combustible ingredients, as niter, charcoal and sulphur.  This being tied to a stick and fired, ascends into the air and bursts.
ROCK'ET, n.  [L. eruca.]  A plant of the genus Brassica.  There is also the bastard rocket, of the genus Reseda; the corn rocket and the sea rocket, of the genus Bunias; the marsh rocket, the water rocket, and the winter rocket, of the genus Sisymbrium; and the dame's violet rocket, of the genus Hesperis.


Topic: Rocky
Definition:
ROCK'Y, a.  [from rock.]
1.  Full of rocks; as a rocky mountain; rocky shore.
2.  Resembling a rock; as the rocky orb of a shield.
3.  Very hard; stony; obdurate; insusceptible of impression; as a rocky bosom.


Topic: Rod
Definition:
ROD, n.  [L. radius, ray, radix, root.]
1.  The shoot or long twig of any woody plant; a branch, or the stem of a shrub; as a rod of hazle, of birch, of oak or hickory.  Hence,
2.  An instrument of punishment or correction; chastisement.
I will chasten him with the rod of men.  2Sam. 7.  Prov. 10.
3.  Discipline; ecclesiastical censures.  1Cor. 4.
4.  A king of scepter.
The rod and bird of peace.
5.  A pole for angling; something long and slender.
6.  An instrument for measuring; but more generally, a measure of length containing five yards, or sixteen feet and a half; a pole; a perch.  In many parts of the United States, rod is universally used for pole or perch.
7.  In Scripture, a staff or wand.  1Sam. 14.
8.  Support.
Thy rod and thy staff, they comfort me.  Ps. 23.
9.  A shepherd's crook.  Lev. 27.
10.  An instrument for threshing.  Is. 28.
11.  Power; authority.  Ps. 125.
12.  A tribe or race.  Ps. 74.
Rod of iron, the mighty power of Christ.  Rev. 19.  Ps. 2.


Topic: Rodomontade
Definition:
RODOMONTA'DE, n.  [See Rodomont.]
Vain boasting; empty bluster or vaunting; rant.
I could show that the rodomontades of Almanzor are neither so irrational nor impossible.
RODOMONTA'DE, v.i.  To boast; to brag; to bluster; to rant.


Topic: Roebuck
Definition:
ROEBUCK, n.
1.  A species of deer, the Cervus capreolus, with erect cylindrical branched horns, forked at the summit.  This is one of the smallest of the cervine genus, but of elegant shape and remarkably nimble.  It prefers a mountainous country, and herds in families.
2.  Roe, the female of the hart.


Topic: Rogation
Definition:
ROGA'TION, n.  [L. rogatio; rogo, to ask.]
1.  Litany; supplication.
He perfecteth the rogations or litanies before in use.
2.  In Roman jurisprudence, the demand by the consuls or tribunes, of a law to be passed by the people.


Topic: Rogation-week
Definition:
ROGA'TION-WEEK, n.  The second week before Whitsunday, thus called from the three fasts observed therein; viz, on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, called rogation-days, because of the extraordinary prayers then made for the fruits of the earth, or as a preparation for the devotion of the Holy Thursday.


Topic: Rogue
Definition:
ROGUE, n. rog.  [Gr.,  Eng. rogue, by transposition of letters.  The word arga, in the laws of the Longobards, denotes a cuckold.]
1.  In law, a vagrant; a sturdy beggar; a vagabond.  Persons of this character were, by the ancient laws of England, to be punished by whipping and having the ear bored with a hot iron.
2.  A knave; a dishonest person; applied now, I believe, exclusively to males.  This word comprehends thieves and robbers, but is generally applied to such as cheat and defraud in mutual dealings, or to counterfeiters.
The rogue and fool by fits is fair and wise.
3.  A name of slight tenderness and endearment.
Alas, poor rogue, I think indeed she loves.
4.  A wag.
ROGUE, v.i. rog.
1.  To wander; to play the vagabond.  [Little used.]
2.  To play knavish tricks.  [Little used.]


Topic: Roguery
Definition:
ROGUERY, n.
1.  The life of a vagrant.  [Not little used.]
2.  Knavish tricks; cheating; fraud; dishonest practices.
Tis no scandal grown, for debt and roguery to quit the town.
3.  Waggery; arch tricks; mischievousness.


Topic: Roguish
Definition:
ROGUISH, a.  
1.  Vagrant; vagabond.  [Nearly obsolete.]
2.  Knavish; fraudulent; dishonest.  [This is the present sense of the word.]
3.  Waggish; wanton; slightly mischievous.


Topic: Roguishness
Definition:
ROGUISHNESS, n.
1.  The qualities of a rogue; knavery; mischievousness.
2.  Archness; sly cunning; as the roguishness of a look.


Topic: Roil
Definition:
ROIL, v.t.
1.  To render turbid by stirring up the dregs or sediment; as, to roil wine, cider or other liquor in casks or bottles.
2.  To excite some degree of anger; to disturb the passion of resentment.  [These senses are in common use in New England, and locally in England.]
3.  To perplex.  [Local in England.]


Topic: Roiled
Definition:
ROIL'ED, pp.  Rendered turbid or foul by disturbing the lees or sediment; angered slightly; disturbed in mind by an offense.


Topic: Roiling
Definition:
ROIL'ING, ppr.  Rendering turbid; or exciting the passion of anger.
[Note.  This word is as legitimate as any in the language.]


Topic: Rokambole
Definition:
ROK'AMBOLE, n.  A sort of wild garlic, the Allisum scorodoprasum, growing naturally in Denmark and Sweden.  It has a heart-shaped root at the side of the stalk.


Topic: Roll
Definition:
ROLL, v.t.  [It is usual to consider this word as formed by contraction from the Latin rotula, a little wheel, from rota.]
1.  To move by turning on the surface, or with a circular motion in which all parts of the surface are successively applied to a plane; as, to roll a barrel or puncheon; to roll a stone or ball.  Sisyphus was condemned to roll a stone to the top of a hill, which, when he had done so, rolled down again, and thus his punishment was eternal.
2.  To revolve; to turn on its axis; as, to roll a wheel or a planet.
3.  To move in a circular direction.
To dress, to troll the tongue and roll the eye.
4.  To wrap round on itself; to form into a circular or cylindrical body; as, to roll a piece of cloth; to roll a sheet of paper; to roll parchment; to roll tobacco.
5.  To enwrap; to bind or involve in a bandage or the like.
6.  To form by rolling into round masses.
7.  To drive or impel any body with a circular motion, or to drive forward with violence or in a stream.  The ocean rolls its billows to the shore.  A river rolls its water to the ocean.
8.  To spread with a roller or rolling pin; as, to roll paste.
9.  To produce a periodical revolution.
Heav'n shone and roll'd her motions.
10.  To press or level with a roller; as, to roll a field.
To roll one's self, to wallow.  Mic. 1.
ROLL, v.i.
1.  To move by turning on the surface, or with the successive application of all parts of the surface to a plane; as, a ball or a wheel rolls on the earth; a body rolls on an inclined plane.
2.  To move, turn or run on an axis; as a wheel.  [In this sense, revolve is more generally used.
3.  To run on wheels.
And to the rolling chair is bound.
4.  To revolve; to perform a periodical revolution; as the rolling year.  Ages roll away.
5.  To turn; to move circularly.
And his red eyeballs roll with living fire.
6.  To float in rough water; to be tossed about.
Twice ten tempestuous nights I roll'd -
7.  To move, as waves or billows, with alternate swells and depressions.  Waves roll on waves.
8.  To fluctuate; to move tumultuously.
What diff'rent sorrows did within thee roll.
9.  To be moved with violence; to be hurled.
Down they fell by thousands, angel on archangel roll'd.
10.  To be formed into a cylinder or ball; as, the cloth rolls well.
11.  To spread under a roller or rolling pin.  The paste rolls well.
12.  To wallow; to tumble; as, a horse rolls.
13.  To rock or move from side; as, a ship rolls in a calm.
14.  To beat a drum with strokes so rapid that they can scarcely be distinguished by the ear.
ROLL, n.  
1.  The act of rolling, or state of being rolled; as the roll of a ball.
2.  The thing rolling.
3.  A mass made round; something like a ball or cylinder; as a roll of fat; a roll of wool.
4.  A roller; a cylinder of wood, iron or stone; as a roll to break clods.
5.  A quantity of cloth wound into a cylindrical form; as a roll of woolen or satin; a roll of lace.
6.  A cylindrical twist of tobacco.
7.  An official writing; a list; a register; a catalogue; as a muster-roll; a court roll.
8.  The beating of a drum with strokes so rapid as scarcely to be distinguished by the ear.
9.  Rolls of court, of parliament, or of any public body, are the parchments on which are engrossed, by the proper officer, the acts and proceedings of that body, and which being kept in rolls, constitute the records of such public body.
10.  In antiquity, a volume; a book consisting of leaf, bark, paper, skin or other material on which the ancients wrote, and which being kept rolled or folded, was called in Latin volume, from volvo, to roll.  Hence.
11.  A chronicle; history; annals.
Nor names more noble graced the rolls of fame.
12.  Part; office; that is, round of duty, like turn.  Obs.


Topic: Rolled
Definition:
ROLLED, pp.  Moved by turning; formed into a round or cylindrical body; leveled with a roller, as land.


Topic: Roller
Definition:
ROLLER, n.
1.  That which rolls; that which turns on its own axis; particularly, a cylinder of wood, stone or metal, used in husbandry and the arts.  Rollers are of various kinds and used for various purposes.
2.  A bandage; a fillet; properly, a long and broad bandage used in surgery.
3.  A bird of the magpie kind, about the size of a jay.
A bird of the genus Coracias, found in Europe; called also the German parrot.


Topic: Rolling
Definition:
ROLLING, ppr.  Turning over; revolving; forming into a cylinder or round mass; leveling, as land.
ROLLING, n.  The motion of a ship from side to side.


Topic: Rolling-pin
Definition:
ROLLING-PIN, n.  A round piece of wood, tapering at each end, with which paste is molded and reduced to a proper thickness.


Topic: Rolling-press
Definition:
ROLLING-PRESS, n.  An engine consisting of two cylinders, by which cloth is calendared, waved and tabbied; also an engine for taking impressions from copper plates; also, a like engine for drawing plates of metal, &c.


Topic: Rolly-pooly
Definition:
ROLLY-POOLY, n.  [said to be roll and pool, or roll, ball and pool.]
A game in which a ball, rolling into a certain place, wins.


Topic: Roman
Definition:
RO'MAN, a. [L. Romanus, from Roma, the principal city of the Romans in Italy. Rome is the oriental name Ramah, elevated, that is, a hill; for fortresses and towns were often placed on hills for security; Heb. to be high, to raise.]
1.  Pertaining to Rome, or to the Roman people.
2.  Romish; popish; professing the religion of the pope.
Roman catholic, as an adjective, denoting the religion professed by the people of Rome and of Italy, at the head of which is the pope or bishop of Rome; as a noun, one who adheres to the papal religion.
RO'MAN, n.
1.  A native of rome.
2.  A citizen of Rome; one enjoying the privileges of a Roman citizen.
3.  One of the christian church at Rome to which Paul addressed an epistle, consisting of converts from Judaism or paganism.


Topic: Romance
Definition:
ROMANCE, n. romans', ro'mans.
1.  A fabulous relation or story of adventures and incidents, designed for the entertainment of readers; a tale of extraordinary adventures, fictitious and often extravagant, usually a tale of love or war, subjects interesting the sensibilities of the heart, or the passions of wonder and curiosity.  Romance differs from the novel, as it treats of great actions and extraordinary adventures; that is, according to the Welch signification, it vaults or soars beyond the limits of fact and real life, and often of probability.
The first romances were a monstrous assemblage of histories, in which truth and fiction were blended without probability; a composition of amorous adventures and the extravagant ideas of chivalry.
2.  A fiction.
ROMANCE, v.i. romans', ro'mans.  To forge and tell fictitious stories; to deal in extravagant stories.


Topic: Romanize
Definition:
RO'MANIZE, v.t.  
1.  To latinize; to fill with Latin words or modes of speech.
2.  To convert to the Roman catholic religion, or to papistical opinions.
RO'MANIZE, v.i.  To conform to Romish opinions, customs or modes of speech.


Topic: Romantic
Definition:
ROMAN'TIC, a.  
1.  Pertaining to romance, or resembling it; wild; fanciful; extravagant; as a romantic taste; romantic notions; romantic expectations; romantic zeal.
2.  Improbably or chimerical; fictitious; as a romantic tale.
3.  Fanciful; wild; full of wild or fantastic scenery; as a romantic prospect or landscape; a romantic situation.


Topic: Romanzovite
Definition:
ROMAN'ZOVITE, n.  A recently discovered mineral of the garnet kind, of a brown or brownish yellow color; named from count Romanzoff.


Topic: Romish
Definition:
RO'MISH, a.  [from Rome.]  Belonging or relating to Rome, or to the religion professed by the people of Rome and of the western empire, of which Rome was the metropolis; catholic; popish; as the Romish church; the Romish religion, ritual or ceremonies.


Topic: Romp
Definition:
ROMP, n.  [a different spelling of ramp.  See Ramp and Romance.]
1.  A rude girl who indulges in boisterous play.
2.  Rude play or frolic.
Romp loving miss is haul'd about in gallantry robust.
ROMP, v.i.  To play rudely and boisterously; to leap and frisk about in play.


Topic: Rompee
Definition:
ROMPEE', n.  [L. rumpo, to break.]  In heraldry, an ordinary that is broken, or a chevron, a bend or the like, whose upper points are cut off.


Topic: Rood
Definition:
ROOD, n.  [a different orthography of rod, which see.]
1.  The fourth part of an acre, or forty square rods.  [See Acre.]
2.  A pole; a measure of five yards; a rod or perch.  [Not used in America, and probably local in England.]
ROOD, n.  The cross; or an image of Christ, of the virgin Mary and a saint or St. John, on each side of it.


Topic: Roof
Definition:
ROOF, n.
1.  The cover or upper part of a house or other building, consisting of rafters covered with boards, shingles or tiles, with a side or sides sloping from the ridge, for the purpose of carrying off the water that falls in rain or snow.  In Asia, the roofs of houses are flat or horizontal.  The same name, roof, is given to the sloping covers of huts, cabins and ricks; to the arches of ovens, furnaces, &c.
2.  A vault; an arch; or the interior of a vault; as the roof of heaven.
3.  The vault of the mouth; the upper part of the mouth; the palate.
If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth.  Ps. 137.
ROOF, v.t. 
1.  To cover with a roof.
I have not seen the remains of any Roman buildings, that have not been roofed with vaults or arches.
2.  To inclose in a house; to shelter.
Here had we now our country's honor roof'd.


Topic: Roofing
Definition:
ROOF'ING, ppr.  Covering with a roof.
ROOF'ING, n.  The materials of which a roof is composed; or materials for a roof.


Topic: Rook
Definition:
ROOK, n.  [L. graculus; probably from its voice.  See Crow and Croak.]
1.  A fowl of the genus Corvus, the fowl mentioned by Virgil under this name.  This fowl resembles the crow, but differs from it in not feeding on carrion, but on insects and grain.  In crows also the nostrils and root of the bill are clothed with feathers, but in rooks the same parts are naked, or have only a few bristly hairs.  The rook is gregarious.
2.  A cheat; a trickish, rapacious fellow.
ROOK, n.  A common man at chess.
ROOK, v.i.  To cheat; to defraud.
ROOK, v.t. To cheat; to defraud by cheating.


Topic: Room
Definition:
ROOM, n.
1.  Space; compass; extent of place, great or small.  Let the words occupy as little room as possible.
2.  Space or place unoccupied.
Lord, it is done as thou hast commanded, and yet there is room.  Luke 14.
3.  Place for reception or admission of any thing.  In this case, there is no room for doubt or for argument.
4.  Place of another; stead; as in succession or substitution.  One magistrate or king comes in the room of a former one.  We often place one thing in the room of another.  1Kings 20.
5.  Unoccupied opportunity.  The eager pursuit of wealth leaves little room for serious reflection.
6.  An apartment in a house; any division separated from the rest by a partition; as a parlor, drawing room or bed-room; also an apartment in a ship, as the cook-room, bread-room, gun-room, &c.
7.  A seat.  Luke 14.
To make room, to open a way or passage; to free from obstructions.
To make room, to open a space or place for any thing.
To give room, to withdraw; to leave space unoccupied for others to pass or to be seated.
ROOM, v.i.  To occupy an apartment; to lodge; an academic use of the word.  A B rooms at No. 7.


Topic: Roominess
Definition:
ROOM'INESS, n.  Space; spaciousness; large extent of space.
Roomth, space, and roomthy, spacious, are ill formed words and not used in the United States.


Topic: Roost
Definition:
ROOST, n.
The pole or other support on which fowls rest at night.
He clapp'd his wings upon his roost.
At roost, in a state for rest and sleep.
ROOST, v.i.
1.  To sit, rest or sleep, as fowls on a pole, tree or other thing at night.
2.  To lodge, in burlesque.


Topic: Root
Definition:
ROOT, n.  [L. radix.  A root is a shoot, and only a different application of rod, L. radius.]
1.  That part of a plant which enters and fixes itself in the earth, and serves to support the plant in an erect position, while by means of its fibrils it imbibes nutriment for the stem, branches and fruit.
2.  The part of any thing that resembles the roots of a plant in manner of growth; as the roots of a cancer, of teeth, &c.
3.  The bottom or lower part of any thing.
Deep to the roots of hell -
Burnet uses root of a mountain, but we now say base, foot or bottom.  See Job 28:9.
4.  A plant whose root is esculent or the most useful part; as beets, carrots, &c.
5.  The original or cause of any thing.
The love of money is the root of all evil. 1Tim. 6.
6.  The first ancestor.
They were the roots out of which sprung two distinct people -
7.  In arithmetic and algebra, the root of any quantity is such a quantity as, when multiplied into itself a certain number of times, will exactly produce that quantity.  Thus 2 is a root of 4, because when multiplied into itself, it exactly produces 4.
8.  Means of growth.  'He hath no root in himself;' that is, no soil in which grace can grow and flourish.  Matt. 13.
9.  In music, the fundamental note of any chord.
Root of bitterness, in Scripture, any error, sin or evil that produces discord or immorality.
To take root, to become planted or fixed; or to be established; to increase and spread.
to take deep root, to be firmly planted or established; to be deeply impressed.


Topic: Rooted
Definition:
ROOT'ED, pp.  Having its roots planted or fixed in the earth; hence, fixed; deep; radical; as rooted sorrow; rooted aversion; rooted prejudices.


Topic: Rope
Definition:
ROPE, n.  
1.  A large string or line composed of several strands twisted together.  It differs from cord, line and string, only in its size; being the name given to all sorts of cordage above an inch in circumference.  Indeed the smaller ropes, when used for certain purposes, are called lines.
Ropes are by seamen ranked under two descriptions, cable-laid, and hawser-laid; the former composed of nine strands, or three great strands, each consisting of three small ones; the latter made with three strands, each composed of a certain number of rope-yarns.
2.  A row or string consisting of a number of things united; as a rope of onions.
3.  Ropes, the intestines of birds.
Rope of sand, proverbially, feeble union or tie; a band easily broken.
ROPE, v.i.  To draw out or extend into a filament or thread, by means of any glutinous or adhesive quality.  Any glutinous substance will rope considerably before it will part.


Topic: Rope-bands
Definition:
ROPE-BANDS, n.  [rope and bands.]  Short flat plaited pieces of rope with an eye in one end, used in pairs to tie the upper edges of square sails to their yards.


Topic: Rope-maker
Definition:
RO'PE-MAKER, n.  One whose occupation is to make ropes or cordage.  [I do not know that roper is ever used.]


Topic: Rope-walk
Definition:
RO'PE-WALK, n.  A long covered walk, or a long building over smooth ground, where ropes are manufactured.


Topic: Rope-yarn
Definition:
RO'PE-YARN, n.  Yarn for ropes, consisting of a single thread.  The threads are twisted into strands, and the strands into ropes.


Topic: Ropery
Definition:
RO'PERY, n.  
1.  A place where ropes are made.  [Not used in the United States.]
2.  A trick that deserves the halter.


Topic: Ropiness
Definition:
RO'PINESS, n.  [from ropy.]  Stringiness, or aptness to draw out in a string or thread without breaking, as of glutinous substances; viscosity; adhesiveness.


Topic: Ropy
Definition:
RO'PY, a.  [from rope.]  Stringy; adhesive; that may be drawn into a thread; as a glutinous substance; viscous; tenacious; glutinous; as ropy wine; ropy lees.


Topic: Rosaceous
Definition:
ROSA'CEOUS, a s as z.  [L. rosaceus.  See Rose.]
Rose-like; composed of several petals, arranged in a circular form; as a rosaceous corol.


Topic: Rosary
Definition:
RO'SARY, n. s as z.  [L. rosarium.  See Rose.]
1.  A bed of roses, or place where roses grow.
2.  A chaplet.
3.  A string of beads used by Roman catholics, on which they count their prayers.


Topic: Rosasic
Definition:
ROSAS'IC, a.  The rosasic acid is obtained from the urine of persons affected with intermitting and nervous fevers.


Topic: Roscid
Definition:
ROS'CID, a.  [L. roscidus, from ros, dew.]  
Dewy; containing dew, or consisting of dew.  [Not used.]


Topic: Rose
Definition:
ROSE, n. s as z.  [L.,  Gr. from the root of red, ruddy.  See Red.]
1.  A plant and flower of the genus Rosa, of many species and varieties, as the wild canine or dog-rose, the white rose, the red rose, the cinnamon rose, the eglantine or sweet briar, &c.  There are five petals; the calyx is urceolate, quinquefid, and corneous; the seeds are numerous, hispid, and fixed to the inside of the calyx.
2.  A knot of ribbon in the form of a rose, used as an ornamental tie of a shoe.
Under the rose, in secret; privately; in a manner that forbids disclosure.
Rose of Jericho, a plant growing on the plain of Jericho, the Anastatica hierochuntica.
ROSE, pret. of rise.


Topic: Rose-noble
Definition:
RO'SE-NOBLE, n.  A ancient English gold coin, stamped with the figure of a rose, first struck in the reign of Edward III and current at 6s. 8d. or according to Johnson, at 16 shillings.


Topic: Rose-wood
Definition:
RO'SE-WOOD, n.  A plant or tree of the genus Aspalathus, growing in warm climates, from which is obtained the oleum rhodii, an agreeable perfume, used in scenting pomatum and liniments.


Topic: Roseate
Definition:
RO'SEATE, a.  
1.  Rosy; full of roses; as roseate bowers.
2.  Blooming; of a rose color; as roseate beauty.


Topic: Rosemary
Definition:
RO'SEMARY, n.  [L. rosmarinus, sea-rose; rosa and marinus.]
A verticillate plant of the genus Rosmarinus, growing naturally in the southern part of France, Spain and Italy.  It has a fragrant smell and a warm pungent bitterish taste.


Topic: Rosicrucian
Definition:
ROSICRU'CIAN, n.  [L. ros, dew, and crux, cross; dew, the most powerful dissolvent of gold, according to these fanatics, and cross, the emblem of light.]
The Rosicrucians were a sect or cabal of hermetical philosophers, or rather fanatics, who sprung up in Germany in the fourteenth century, and made great pretensions to science; and among other things, pretended to be masters of the secret of the philosopher's stone.
ROSICRU'CIAN, a.  Pertaining to the Rosicrucians, or their arts.


Topic: Rosin
Definition:
ROS'IN, n. s as z.  [This is only a different orthography of resin.  L. resina.  See Resin.]
1.  Inspissated turpentine, a juice of the pine.
2.  Any inspissated matter of vegetables that dissolves in spirit of wine.
ROS'IN, v.t.  To rub with rosin.


Topic: Rostel
Definition:
ROS'TEL, n.  [L. rostellum, dim of rostrum, a beak.]
In botany, the descending plane part of the coracle or heart, in the first vegetation of a seed.


Topic: Roster
Definition:
ROS'TER, n.  In military affairs, a plan or table by which the duty of officers is regulated.
In Massachusetts, a list of the officers of a division, brigade, regiment or battalion, containing under several heads their names, rank, the corps to which they belong, date of commission and place of abode.  These are called division rosters, brigade rosters, regimental or battalion rosters.
The word is also used frequently instead of register, which comprehends a general list of all the officers of the state, from the commander in chief to the lowest in commission, under the same appropriate heads, with an additional column for noting the alterations which take place.


Topic: Rostral
Definition:
ROS'TRAL, a.  [from L. rostrum, beak.]
1.  Resembling the beak of a ship.
2.  Pertaining to the beak.


Topic: Rostrum
Definition:
ROS'TRUM, n.  [L.]
1.  The beak or bill of a bird.
2.  The beak or head of a ship.
3.  In ancient Rome, a scaffold or elevated place in the forum, where orations, pleadings funeral harangues, &c., were delivered.
4.  The pipe which conveys the distilling liquor into its receiver, in the common alembic.
5.  A crooked pair of scissors, used by surgeons for dilating wounds.


Topic: Rosy
Definition:
RO'SY, a.  [from rose.]  
1.  Resembling a rose in color or qualities; blooming; red; blushing; charming.
While blooming youth and gay delight sit on thy rosy check contest.
The rosy morn resigns her light.
2.  Made in the form of a rose.


Topic: Rot
Definition:
ROT, v.i.
To lose the natural cohesion and organization of parts, as animal and vegetable substances; to be decomposed and resolved into its original component parts by the natural process, or the gradual operation of heat and air; to putrefy.
ROT, v.t.  To make putrid; to cause to be decomposed by the natural operation of air and heat; to bring to corruption.
ROT, n. 
1.  A fatal distemper incident to sheep, usually supposed to be owing to wet seasons and moist pastures.  The immediate cause of the mortality of sheep, in this disease, is found to be a great number of small animals, called flukes, (Fascida,) found in the liver, and supposed to be produced from eggs swallowed with their food.
2.  Putrefaction; putrid decay.
3.  Dry rot, in timber, the decay of the wood without the access of water.


Topic: Rota
Definition:
RO'TA, n.  [L. rota.  See Rotary.]
1.  An ecclesiastical court of Rome, composed of twelve prelates, of whom one must be a German, another a Frenchman, and two Spaniards; the other eight are Italians.  This is one of the most august tribunals in Rome, taking cognizance of all suits in the territory of the church by appeal, and of all matters beneficiary and patrimonial.
2.  In English history, a club of politicians, who, in the time of Charles I. contemplated an equal government by rotation.


Topic: Rotate
Definition:
RO'TATE, a.  In botany, wheel-shaped; monopetalous, spreading flat, without any tube, or expanding into a flat border, with scarcely any tube; as a rotate corol.


Topic: Rotation
Definition:
ROTA'TION, n.  [L. rotatio, from roto, to turn; rota, a wheel.]
1.  The act of turning, as a wheel or solid body on its axis, as distinguished from the progressive motion of a body revolving round another body or a distant point.  Thus the daily turning of the earth on its axis, is a rotation; its annual motion round the sun is a revolution.
2.  Vicissitude of succession; the course by which officers or others leave their places at certain times and are succeeded by others; applied also to a change of crops.


Topic: Rotator
Definition:
ROTA'TOR, n.  [L.]  That which gives a circular or rolling motion; a muscle producing a rolling motion.


Topic: Rotatory
Definition:
RO'TATORY, a.  [from rotator.]
1.  Turning on an axis, as a wheel; rotary.
2.  Going in a circle; following in succession; as rotatory assemblies.
[This word is often used, probably by mistake, for rotary.  It may be regularly formed from rotator, but not with the exact sense in which it is used.  With rotator for its original, it would signify causing rather than being in a circular motion.  The true word is rotary.]


Topic: Rote
Definition:
ROTE, n.  A kind of violin or harp.  Obs.
ROTE, n.  [L. rota, a wheel.]
Properly, a round of words; frequent repetition of words or sounds, without attending to the signification, or to principles and rules; a practice that impresses words in the memory without an effort of the understanding, and without the aid of rules.  Thus children learn to speak by rote; they often repeat what they hear, till it becomes familiar to them.  So we learn to sing by rote, as we hear notes repeated, and soon learn to repeat them ourselves.
ROTE, v.t.  To fix in the memory by means of frequent repetition ourselves, or by hearing the repetition of others, without an effort of the understanding to comprehend what is repeated, and without the aid of rules or principles.  [Little used.]
ROTE, v.i.  To go out by rotation or succession.  [Little used.]


Topic: Rother-beasts
Definition:
ROTH'ER-BEASTS, n.
Cattle of the bovine genus; called in England black cattle.  [Not used in America.]


Topic: Rother-nails
Definition:
ROTH'ER-NAILS, n.  [corrupted from rudder-nails.]
Among shipwrights, nails with very full heads, used for fastening the rudder irons of ships.


Topic: Rothoffite
Definition:
ROTH'OFFITE, n.  A variety of grenate, brown or black, found in Sweden.  It has a resemblance to melanite, another variety, but differs from it in having a small portion of alumin.


Topic: Rotten
Definition:
ROTTEN, a. rot'n.
1.  Putrid; carious; decomposed by the natural process of decay; as a rotten plank.
2.  Not firm or trusty; unsound; defective in principle; treacherous; deceitful.
3.  Defective in substance; not sound or hard.
4.  Fetid; ill smelling.


Topic: Rotten-stone
Definition:
ROT'TEN-STONE, n.  A soft stone or mineral, called also Tripoli, terra Tripolitana, from the country from which it was formerly brought.  It is used in all sorts of finer grinding and polishing in the arts, and for cleaning furniture of metallic substances.  The rotten-stone of Derbyshire, in England, is a Tripoli mixed with calcarious earth.


Topic: Rotund
Definition:
ROTUND', a.  [L. rotundus, probably formed on rota, a wheel, as jocundus on jocus.]
1.  Round; circular; spherical.
2.  In botany, circumscribed by one unbroken curve, or without angles; as a rotund leaf.


Topic: Rotundo
Definition:
ROTUND'O, n.  A round building; any building that is round both on the outside and inside.  The most celebrated edifice of this kind is the Pantheon at Rome.


Topic: Rouge
Definition:
ROUGE, n. roozh.  Red paint; a substance used for painting the cheeks.
ROUGE, vi. [supra.]  To paint the face, or rather the cheeks.
ROUGE, v.t.  [supra.]  To paint, or tinge with red paint.


Topic: Rough
Definition:
ROUGH, a.  [L. raucus.  Eng. rye, that is rough.  L. ruga, a wrinkle.  Gr. to snore.  L. ruga, a wrinkle, a ridge.  See Ridge.  The primary sense is to stretch or strain; but applied to roughness or wrinkling, it is to draw or contract, a straining together.]
1.  Having inequalities, small ridges or points on the surface; not smooth or plane; as a rough board, a rough stone; rough cloth.
2.  Stony; abounding with stones and stumps; as rough land; or simply with stones; as a rough road.
3.  Not wrought or polished; as a rough diamond.
4.  Thrown into huge waves; violently agitated; as a rough sea.
5.  Tempestuous; stormy; boisterous; as rough weather.
6.  Austere to the taste; harsh; as rough wine.
7.  Harsh to the ear; grating; jarring; unharmonious; as rough sounds; rough numbers.
8.  Rugged of temper; severe; austere; rude; not mild or courteous.
A fiend, a fury, pitiless and rough.
9.  Coarse in manners; rude.
A surly boatman, rough as seas and wind.
10.  Harsh; violent; not easy; as a rough remedy.
11.  Hard featured; not delicate; as a rough visage.
12.  Harsh; severe; uncivil; as rough usage.
13.  Terrible; dreadful.
On the rough edge of battle, ere it join'd, Satan advanc'd.
14.  Rugged; disordered in appearance; coarse.
Rough from the tossing surge  Ulysses moves.
15.  Hairy; shaggy; covered with hairs, bristles and the like.


Topic: Rough-cast
Definition:
ROUGH-CAST, v.t.  ruf'-cast.  [rough and cast.]
1.  To form in its first rudiments, without revision, correction and polish.
2.  To mold without nicety or elegance, or to form with asperities.
3.  To cover with a mixture of plaster and shells or pebbles; as, to rough-cast a building.
ROUGH-CAST, n. ruf'-cast.  
1.  A rude model; the form of a thing in its first rudiments, unfinished.
2.  A plaster with a mixture of shells or pebbles, used for covering buildings.


Topic: Rough-hew
Definition:
ROUGH-HEW, v.t. ruf'-hew.  [rough and hew.]
1.  To hew coarsely without smoothing; as, to rough-hew timber.
2.  To give the first form or shape to a thing.  
There's a divinity that shapes our ends, rough-hew them how we will.


Topic: Rough-hewn
Definition:
ROUGH-HEWN, pp. or a ruf'-hewn. 
1.  Hewn coarsely without smoothing.
2.  Rugged; unpolished; of coarse manners; rude.
A rough-hewn seaman.
3.  Unpolished; not nicely finished.


Topic: Rough-shod
Definition:
ROUGH-SHOD, a. ruf'-shod.  Shod with shoes armed with points; as a rough-shod horse.  [This word is not generally used in America.  In New England, instead of rough-shod, calked is used.]


Topic: Rough-work
Definition:
ROUGH-WORK, v.t. ruf'-work.  [rough and work.]
To work over coarsely, without regard to nicety, smoothness or finish.


Topic: Roughly
Definition:
ROUGHLY, adv.  ruf'ly.
1.  With uneven surface; with asperities on the surface.
2.  Harshly; uncivilly; rudely; as, to be treated roughly.
3.  Severely; without tenderness; as, to blame too roughly.
4.  Austerely to the taste.
5.  Boisterously; tempestuously.
6.  Harshly to the ear.
7.  Violently; not gently.


Topic: Roughness
Definition:
ROUGHNESS, n.  ruf'ness.
1.  Unevenness of surface, occasioned by small prominences; asperity of surface; as the roughness of a board, of a floor, or of a rock.
2.  Austereness to the taste; as the roughness of sloes.
3.  Taste of astringency.
4.  Harshness to the ear; as the roughness of sounds.
5.  Ruggedness of temper; harshness; austerity.
6.  Coarseness of manners or behavior; rudeness.
Severity breedeth fear; but roughness breedeth hate.
7.  Want of delicacy or refinement; as military roughness.
8.  Severity; harshness or violence of discipline.
9.  Violence of operation in medicines.
10.  Unpolished or unfinished state; as the roughness of a gem or a draught.
11.  Inelegance of dress or appearance.
12.  Tempestuousness; boisterousness; as of winds or weather.
13.  Violent agitation by wind; as the roughness of the sea in a storm.
14.  Coarseness of features.


Topic: Round
Definition:
ROUND, a.  
1.  Cylindrical; circular; spherical or globular.  Round is applicable to a cylinder as well as to a globe or sphere.  We say, the barrel of a musket is round; a ball is round; a circle is round.
2.  Full; large; as a round sum or price.


Topic: Roundabout
Definition:
ROUND'ABOUT, a.  [round and about.]
1.  Indirect; going round; loose.
Paraphrase is a roundabout way of translating.
2.  Ample; extensive; as roundabout sense.
3.  Encircling; encompassing.
[In any sense, this word is inelegant.]

ROUND'ABOUT, n.  A large strait coat.


Topic: Roundhead
Definition:
ROUND'HEAD, n.  [round and head.]  A name formerly given to a puritan, from the practice which prevailed among the puritans of cropping the hair round.


Topic: Roundhouse
Definition:
ROUND'HOUSE, n.
1.  A constable's prison; the prison to secure persons taken up by the night-watch, till they can be examined by a magistrate.
2.  In a ship of war, a certain necessary near the head, for the use of particular officers.
3.  In large merchantmen and ships of war, a cabin or apartment in the after part of the quarter-deck, having the poop for its roof; sometimes called the coach.  It is the master's lodging room.


Topic: Rounding
Definition:
ROUND'ING, ppr.
1.  Making round or circular.
2.  Making full, flowing and smooth.
ROUND'ING, a.  Round or roundish; nearly round.
ROUND'ING, n.  Among seamen, old ropes wound about the part of the cable which lies in the hawse, or athwart the stem, to prevent its chafing.
Rounding in, a pulling upon a slack rope, which passes through one or more blocks in a direction nearly horizontal.  Rounding up is a pulling in like manner, when a tackle hangs in a perpendicular direction.


Topic: Roundly
Definition:
ROUND'LY, adv.
1.  In a round form or manner.
2.  Openly; boldly; without reserve; peremptorily.
He affirms every thing roundly.
3.  Plainly; fully.  He gives them roundly to understand that their duty is submission.
4.  Briskly; with speed.
When the mind has brought itself to attention, it will be able to cope with difficulties and master them, and then it may go on roundly.
5.  Completely; to the purpose; vigorously; in earnest.


Topic: Roundness
Definition:
ROUND'NESS, n.
1.  The quality of being round, circular, spherical, globular or cylindrical; circularity; sphericity; cylindrical form; rotundity; as the roundness of the globe, of the orb of the sun, of a ball, of a bowl, &c.
2.  Fullness; smoothness of flow; as the roundness of a period.
3.  Openness; plainness; boldness; positiveness; as the roundness of an assertion.


Topic: Roundo
Definition:
ROUND'O, n.
1.  A sort of ancient poem, consisting of thirteen verses, of which eight are in one kind of rhyme and five in another.  It is divided into couplets; at the end of the second and third of which, the beginning of the poem is repeated, and that, if possible, in an equivocal or punning sense.
2.  A round form or figure.  [Not used.]


Topic: Rouse
Definition:
ROUSE, v.t. rouz.  [This word, written also arouse, seems to belong to the family of raise or rush.  See Raise.]
1.  To wake from sleep or repose.  Gen. 49.
2.  To excite to thought or action from a state of idleness, languor, stupidity or inattention.
3.  To put into action; to agitate.
Blust'ring winds that rous'd the sea.
4.  To drive a beast from his den or place of rest.
ROUSE, v.i.
1.  To awake from sleep or repose.
Morpheus rouses from his bed.
2.  To be excited to thought or action from a state of indolence, sluggishness, languor or inattention.
ROUSE, v.i.  In seamen's language, to pull together upon a cable, &c. without the assistance of tackles or other mechanical power.
ROUSE, n. rouz.
A full glass of liquor; a bumper in honor of a health.  Obs.


Topic: Rousing
Definition:
ROUS'ING, ppr.
1.  Awaking from sleep; exciting; calling into action.
2.  a.  Having power to awaken or excite.
3.  Great; violent; as a rousing fire.  [Vulgar.]


Topic: Rout
Definition:
ROUT, n.
1.  A rabble; a clamorous multitude; a tumultuous crowd; as a rout of people assembled.
The endless routs of wretched thralls.
2.  In law, a rout is where three persons or more meet to do an unlawful act upon a common quarrel, as forcibly to break down fences on a right claimed of common or of way, and make some advances towards it.
3.  A select company; a party for gaming.
ROUT, n.  [This is a corruption of the L. ruptus, from rumpo, to break.]
The breaking or defeat of an army or band of troops, or the disorder and confusion of troops thus defeated and put to flight.
ROUT, v.t.  To break the ranks of troops and put them to flight in disorder; to defeat and throw into confusion.
The king's horse - routed and defeated the whole army.
ROUT, v.i.  To assemble in a clamorous and tumultuous crowd.  [Not in use.]
ROUT, n.  [It belongs to the family of ride and L. gradior; properly a going or passing.]
The course or way which is traveled or passed, or to be passed; a passing; a course; a march.
Wide through the furzy field their rout they take.
Rout and road are not synonymous.
We say, to mend or repair a road, but not to mend a rout.  We use rout for a course of passing, and not without reference to the passing of some person or body of men; but rout is not the road itself.
ROUT, v.i.  To snore.  Obs.
ROUT, v.t. [for root.]  To turn up the ground with the snout; to search.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Routine
Definition:
ROUTINE, n. rootee'n.  [L. rota, a wheel.]
1.  A round of business, amusements or pleasure, daily or frequently pursued; particularly, a course of business or official duties, regularly or frequently returning.
2.  Any regular habit or practice not accommodated to circumstances.


Topic: Rove
Definition:
ROVE, v.i.  [L. rapio.]
To wander; to ramble; to range; to go, move or pass without certain direction in any manner, by walking, riding, flying or otherwise.
For who has power to walk, has power to rove.
ROVE, v.t.  To wander over; as roving a field; roving the town.  This is an elliptical form of expression, for roving over, through or about the town.
ROVE, v.t.  To draw a thread, string or cord through an eye or aperture.


Topic: Rover
Definition:
RO'VER, n.
1.  A wanderer; one who rambles about.
2.  A fickle or inconstant person.
3.  A robber or pirate; a freebooter.  [So corsair is from L. cursus, curro, to run.
At rovers, without any particular aim; at random; as shooting at rovers.
[I never heard this expression in the United States.]


Topic: Row
Definition:
ROW, n.
A series of persons or things arranged in a continued line; a line; a rank; a file; as a row of trees; a row of gems or pearls; a row of houses or columns.
Where the bright Seraphim in burning row.
ROW, v.t.  [Gr. to row, an oar.  If the noun is the primary word, ruder and rother, an oar, may be from the root of rod, L. radius, or from the root of rado, to rub, grate, sweep.  If the verb is the primary word, the sense is to sweep, to urge, drive, impel.  See Rudder.]
1.  To impel, as a boat or vessel along the surface of water by oars; as, to row a boat.
2.  To transport by rowing; as, to row the captain ashore in his barge.
ROW, v.i.  To labor with the oar; as, to row well; to row with oars muffled.


Topic: Row-port
Definition:
ROW-PORT, n.  A little square hole in the side of small vessels of war, near the surface of the water, for the use of an oar for rowing in a calm.


Topic: Rowel
Definition:
ROW'EL, n.  [L. rota.]
1.  The little wheel of a spur, formed with sharp points.
2.  Among farriers, a roll of hair or silk, used as an issue on horses, answering to a seton in surgery.
3.  A little flat ring or wheel of plate or iron on horses' bits.
ROW'EL, v.t  To insert a rowel in; to pierce the skin and keep open the wound by a rowel.


Topic: Rowen
Definition:
ROW'EN, n.  [Heb. to be green, to thrive.]
Rowen is a field kept up till after Michaelmas, that the corn left on the ground may sprout into green.
Turn your cows that give milk into your rowens, till snow comes.
In New England, the second growth of grass in a season.  We never apply the word to a field, nor to a growth of corn, after harvest, nor is the word ever used in the plural.  The first growth of grass for mowing is called the first crop, and the second rowen.


Topic: Royal
Definition:
ROY'AL, a.  [L. regalis, from rex, king.  See Reck and Right.]
1.  Kingly; pertaining to a king; regal; as royal power or prerogative; a royal garden; royal domains; the royal family.
2.  Becoming a king; magnificent; as royal state.
3.  Noble; illustrious.
How doth that royal merchant, good Antonio?
ROY'AL, n.
1.  A large kind of paper.  It is used as a noun or an adjective.
2.  Among seamen, a small sail spread immediately above the top-gallant-sail; sometimes termed the top-gallant-royal.
3.  One of the shoots of a stag's head.
4.  In artillery, a small mortar.
5.  In England, one of the soldiers of the first regiment of foot, called the royals, and supposed to be the oldest regular corps in Europe.


Topic: Royalist
Definition:
ROY'ALIST, n.  An adherent to a king, or one attached to a kingly government.
Where Candish fought, the royalist prevail'd.


Topic: Royally
Definition:
ROY'ALLY, adv.  In a kingly manner; like a king; as becomes a king.
His body shall be royally interr'd.


Topic: Royalty
Definition:
ROY'ALTY, n.  
1.  Kingship; the character, state or office of a king.
Royalty by birth was the sweetest way of majesty.
2.  Royalties, plu. emblems of royalty; regalia.
3.  Rights of a king; prerogatives.


Topic: Rub
Definition:
RUB, v.t.  [L. probrum, exprobro; Gr. to rub.  We have the elements of the word in scrape, scrub, L. scribo, Gr.]
1.  To move something along the surface of a body with pressure; as, to rub the face or arms with the hand; to rub the body with flannel.  Vessels are scoured or cleaned by rubbing them.
2.  To wipe; to clean; to scour; but rub is a generic term, applicable to friction for every purpose.
3.  To touch so as to leave behind something which touches; to spread over; as to rub any thing with oil.
4.  To polish; to retouch; with over.
The whole business of our redemption is to rub over the defaced copy of the creation.
5.  To obstruct by collision.  [Unusual.]
In popular language, rub is used for teasing, fretting, upbraiding, reproaching or vexing with gibes or sarcasms.
To rub down, to clean by rubbing; to comb or curry, as a horse.
To rub off, to clean any thing by rubbing; to separate by friction; as, to rub off rust.
1.  To rub out, to erase; to obliterate; as, to rub out marks or letters.
2.  To remove or separate by friction; as, to rub out a stain.
To rub upon, to touch hard.
1.  To rub up, to burnish; to polish; to clean.
2.  To excite; to awaken; to rouse to action; as, to rub up the memory.
RUB, v.i.
1.  To move along the surface of a body with pressure; as, a wheel rubs against the gate-post.
2.  To fret; to chafe; as, to rub upon a sore.
3.  To move or pass with difficulty; as, to rub through woods, as huntsmen; to rub through the world.
RUB, n. 
1.  The act of rubbing; friction.
2.  That which renders motion or progress difficult; collision; hinderance; obstruction.
Now every rub is smoothed in our way.
Upon this rub the English embassadors thought fit to demur.
All sort of rubs will be laid in the way.
3.  Inequality of ground that hinders the motion of a bowl.
4.  Difficulty; cause of uneasiness; pinch.
To sleep, perchance to dream; ay, there's the rub.
5.  Sarcasm; joke; something grating to the feelings.
RUB,


Topic: Rubefacient
Definition:
RU'BEFACIENT, a.  [L. rubefacio, infra.]  Making red.
RU'BEFACIENT, n.  In medicine, a substance or external application which excites redness of the skin.


Topic: Rubellite
Definition:
RU'BELLITE, n.  [from L. rubeus, red.]  A silicious mineral of a red color of various shades; the red shorl; siberite.  It occurs in accumulated groups of a middle or large size, with straight tubular-like stria.  In a red heat, it becomes snow-white and seems to phosphoresce.
Rubellite is red tourmaline.


Topic: Rubescent
Definition:
RUBES'CENT, a.  [L. rubescens, rubesco, from rubeo, to redden or to be red.]
Growing or becoming red; tending to a red color.


Topic: Rubican
Definition:
RU'BICAN, a.  [L. rubeo, to be red.]
Rubican color of a horse, is a bay, sorrel or black, with a light gray or white upon the flanks, but the gray or white not predominant there.


Topic: Rubicel
Definition:
RU'BICEL, n.  [L. rubeo, to be red.]  A gem or mineral, a variety of ruby of a reddish color, from Brazil.


Topic: Rubiform
Definition:
RU'BIFORM, n.  [L. ruber, red, and form.]  Having the form of red; as, the rubiform rays of the sun are least refrangible.


Topic: Ruble
Definition:
RU'BLE, n. roo'bl.
A silver coin of Russia, of the value of about fifty seven cents, or two shillings and seven pence sterling; in Russia, a hundred kopecks; originally, the fourth part of a grivna or pound, which was cut into four equal parts.


Topic: Rubric
Definition:
RU'BRIC, n.  [L. rubrica; rubeo, to be red.]
1.  In the canon law, a title or article in certain ancient law books; so called because written in red letters.
2.  Directions printed in prayer books.
The rubric and the rules relating to the liturgy are established by royal authority, as well as the liturgy itself.
RU'BRIC, v.t.  To adorn with red.
RU'BRIC,


Topic: Rubricate
Definition:
RU'BRICATE, v.t.  [L. rubricatus.]  To mark or distinguish with red.
RU'BRICATE, a.  Marked with red.


Topic: Ruby
Definition:
RU'BY, n.  [L. rubeo, to be red.]
1.  A precious stone; a mineral of a carmine red color, sometimes verging to violet, or intermediate between carmine and hyacinth red; but its parts vary in color, and hence it is called sapphire ruby or orange red, and by some vermeille or rubicel.
There are two kinds of ruby, the oriental or corundum, and the spinelle.  The latter is distinguishable from the former by its color and crystallization.
The ruby is next in hardness and value to the diamond, and highly esteemed in jewelry.
2.  Redness; red color.
3.  Any thing red.
4.  A blain; a blotch; a carbuncle.  [The ruby is said to be the stone called by Pliny a carbuncle.]
Ruby of arsenic or sulphur, is the realgar, or red combination of arsenic and sulphur.
Ruby of zink, is the red blend.
Rock ruby, the amethystizontes of the ancients, is the most value species of garnet.
RU'BY, v.t.  To make red.
RU'BY, a.  Of the color of the ruby; red; as ruby lips.


Topic: Ruck
Definition:
RUCK, v.t.  [l. rugo, to wrinkle, to fold; ruga, a fold.]
1.  To cower; to bend and set close.  [Not in use.]
2.  To wrinkle; as, to ruck up cloth or a garment.
[In this sense, the word is still used by the common people of New England.]
RUCK, n.  A wrinkle; a fold; a plait.


Topic: Rud
Definition:
RUD, to make red, used by Spenser, is a different spelling of red.  Obs.  [See Ruddy.]
RUD, n.  [See Red and Ruddy.]
1.  Redness; blush; also, red ocher.
2.  The fish rudd.


Topic: Rudd
Definition:
RUDD, n.  [probably from red, ruddy.]  A fish of the genus Cyprinus, with a deep body like the bream, but thicker, a prominent back, and small head.  The back is of an olive color; the sides and belly yellow, marked with red; the ventral and anal fins and tail of a deep red color.


Topic: Rudder
Definition:
RUD'DER, n.  [See Row.  The oar was the first rudder used by man, and is still the instrument of steering certain boats.]
1.  In navigation, the instrument by which a ship is steered; that part of the helm which consists of a piece of timber, broad at the bottom, which enters the water and is attached to the stern-post by hinges, on which it turns.  This timber is managed by means of the tiller or wheel.
2.  That which guides or governs the course.
For rhyme the rudder is of verses.
3.  A sieve.  [Local.  See Riddle.]
Rudder perch, a small fish with the upper part of the body brown, varied with large round spots of yellow, the belly and sides streaked with lines of white and yellow.  This fish is said to follow the rudders of ships in the warm parts of the Atlantic.


Topic: Ruddiness
Definition:
RUD'DINESS,  n.  [from ruddy.]  The state of being ruddy; redness, or rather a lively flesh color; that degree of redness which characterizes high health; applied chiefly to the complexion or color of the human skin; as the ruddiness of the cheeks or lips.


Topic: Ruddy
Definition:
RUD'DY, a.
1.  Of a red color; of a lively flesh color, or the color of the human skin in high health.  Thus we say, reddy cheeks, ruddy lips, a reddy face or skin, a ruddy youth; and in poetic language, ruddy fruit.  But the word is chiefly applied to the human skin.
2.  Of a bright yellow color; as ruddy gold.  [Unusual.]


Topic: Rude
Definition:
RUDE, a.  [L. rudis.  The sense is probably rough, broken, and this word may be allied to raw and crude.]
1.  rough; uneven; rugged; unformed by art; as rude workmanship, that is, roughly finished; rude and unpolished stones.
2.  Rough; of coarse manners; unpolished; uncivil; clownish; rustic; as a rude countryman; rude behavior; rude treatment; a rude attack.
Ruffian, let go that rude uncivil touch.
3.  Violent; tumultuous; boisterous; turbulent; as rude winds; the rude agitation of the sea.
4.  violent; fierce; impetuous; as the rude shock of armies.
5.  Harsh; inclement; as the rude winter.
6.  Ignorant; untaught; savage; barbarous; as the rude natives of America or of New Holland; the rude ancestors of the Greeks.
7.  Raw; untaught; ignorant; not skilled or practiced; as rude in speech; rude in arms.
8.  Artless; inelegant; not polished; as a rude translation of Virgil.


Topic: Rudely
Definition:
RU'DELY, adv.
1.  With roughness; as a mountain rudely formed.
2.  Violently; fiercely; tumultuously.  The door was rudely assaulted.
3.  In a rude or uncivil manner; as, to be rudely accosted.
4.  Without exactness or nicety; coarsely; as work rudely executed.
I that am rudely stamp'd, and want love's majesty to strut before a wanton ambling nymph.
5.  Unskillfully.
My muse, though rudely, has resign'd some faint resemblance of his godlike mind.
6.  Without elegance.


Topic: Rudeness
Definition:
RU'DENESS, n.
1.  A rough broken state; unevenness; wildness; as the rudeness of a mountain, country or landscape.
2.  Coarseness of manners; incivility; rusticity; vulgarity.
And kings the rudeness of their joy must bear.
3.  Ignorance; unskillfulness.
What he did amiss was rather through rudeness and want of judgment -
4.  Artlessness; coarseness; inelegance; as the rudeness of a painting or piece of sculpture.
5.  Violence; impetuosity; as the rudeness of an attack or shock.
6.  Violence; storminess; as the rudeness of winds or of the season.


Topic: Rudenture
Definition:
RU'DENTURE, n.  [L. rudens, a rope.]
In architecture, the figure of a rope or staff, plain or carved, with which the flutings of columns are sometimes filled.


Topic: Ruderary
Definition:
RU'DERARY, a.  [Low L. ruderarius; from the root of rudis, and indicating the primary sense of rude to be broken.]  Belonging to rubbish.  [Not used.]


Topic: Ruderation
Definition:
RUDERA'TION, n.  [L. ruderatio, from rudero, to pave with broken stones.]
The act of paving with pebbles or little stones.  [Not used.]


Topic: Rudiment
Definition:
RU'DIMENT, n.  [L. rudimentum.  If connected with erudio, it denotes what is taught.  But the real origin is not obvious.]  
1.  A first principle or element; that which is to be first learnt; as the rudiments of learning or science.  Articulate sounds are the rudiments of language; letters or characters are the rudiments of written language; the primary rules of any art or science are its rudiments.  Hence instruction in the rudiments of any art or science, constitutes the beginning of education in that art or science.
2.  The original of any thing in its first form.  Thus in botany, the germen, ovary or seed-bud, is the rudiment of the fruit yet in embryo; and the seed is the rudiment of a new plant.
Rudiment, in natural history, is also an imperfect organ; one which is never fully formed.  Thus the flowers in the genus Pentstemon, have four stamens and a rudiment of a fifth, (a simple filament without an anther.)
God beholds the first imperfect rudiments of virtue in the soul.
RU'DIMENT, v.t.  to furnish with first principles or rules; to ground; to settle in first principles.


Topic: Rudimental
Definition:
RUDIMENT'AL, a.  Initial; pertaining to rudiments, or consisting in first principles; as rudimental essays.


Topic: Rue
Definition:
RUE, v.t. ru.  [L. rudo, to roar, to bray.]
To lament; to regret; to grieve for; as, to rue the commission of a crime; to rue the day.
Thy will chose freely what it now so justly rues.
RUE, v.i.  To have compassion.  [Not in use.]
RUE, n.  Sorrow; repentance.  [Not in use.]
RUE, n. ru.  [Gr. L.]
A plant of the genus Ruta, of several species.  The common garden rue is medicinal, as a stimulant and detergent.


Topic: Rueful
Definition:
RUEFUL, a ru'ful.  [rue and full.]  
1.  Woeful; mournful; sorrowful; to be lamented.
Spur them to rueful work.
2.  Expressing sorrow.
He sigh'd and cast a rueful eye.


Topic: Ruff
Definition:
RUFF, n.
1.  A piece of plaited linen worn by females around the neck.
2.  Something puckered or plaited.
3.  A small fish, a species of Perca.
4.  A bird of the genus Tringa, with a tuft of feathers around the neck of the male, whence the name.  The female is called reeve.
5.  A state of roughness.  Obs.
6.  Pride; elevation; as princes in the ruff of all their glory.
7.  A particular species of pigeon.
8.  At cards, the act of winning the trick by trumping the cards of another suit.
RUFF, v.t.
1.  To ruffle; to disorder.
2.  To trump any other suit of cards at whist.


Topic: Ruffian
Definition:
RUF'FIAN, n.
A boisterous, brutal fellow; a fellow ready for any desperate crime; a robber; a cut-throat; a murderer.
RUF'FIAN, a.  Brutal; savagely boisterous; as ruffian rage.
RUF'FIAN, v.i.  To play the ruffian; to rage; to raise tumult.


Topic: Ruffle
Definition:
RUF'FLE, v.t.
1.  Properly, to wrinkle; to draw or contract into wrinkles, open plaits or folds.
2.  To disorder by disturbing a smooth surface; to make uneven by agitation; as, to ruffle the sea or a lake.
She smooth'd the ruffl'd seas.
3.  To discompose by disturbing a calm state of; to agitate; to disturb; as, to ruffle the mind; to ruffle the passions or the temper.  It expresses less than fret and vex.
4.  To throw into disorder or confusion.
- Where best he might the ruffl'd foe invest.
5.  To throw together in a disorderly manner.
I ruffl'd up fall'n leaves in heap.  [Unusual.]
6.  To furnish with ruffles; as, to ruffle a shirt.
RUF'FLE, v.i.
1.  To grow rough or turbulent; as, the winds ruffle.
2.  To play loosely; to flutter.
On his right shoulder his thick mane reclin'd, ruffles at speed and dances in the wind.
3.  To be rough; to jar; to be contention.
They would ruffle with jurors.  Obs.
RUF'FLE, n.  
1.  A strip of plaited cambric or other fine cloth attached to some border of a garment, as to the wristband or bosom.  That at the bosom is sometimes called by the English, a frill.
2.  Disturbance; agitation; commotion; as, to put the mind or temper in a ruffle.
RUF'FLE,


Topic: Ruffling
Definition:
RUF'FLING, ppr.  Disturbing; agitating; furnishing with ruffles.
RUF'FLING, n.  Commotion; disturbance; agitation.
RUF'FLING,


Topic: Rug
Definition:
RUG, n.  [This belongs to the great family of rough, L. ruga, raucus.]
1.  A coarse nappy woolen cloth used for a bed cover, and in modern times particularly, for covering the carpet before a fire-place.  This name was formerly given to a coarse kind of frieze used for winter garments, and it may be that the poor in some countries still wear it.  But in America, I believe the name is applied only to a bed cover for ordinary beds, and to a covering before a fire-place.
2.  A rough, woolly or shaggy dog.


Topic: Rugged
Definition:
RUG'GED, a.  [from the root of rug, rough, which see.]
1.  Rough; full of asperities on the surface; broken into sharp or irregular points or crags, or otherwise uneven; as a rugged mountain; a rugged road.
2.  Uneven; not neat or regular.
His well proportion'd beard made rough and rugged.
3.  Rough in temper; harsh; hard; crabbed; austere.
4.  Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous; as rugged weather; a rugged season.
5.  Rough to the ear; harsh; grating; as a rugged verse in poetry; rugged prose.
6.  Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled; as rugged looks.
7.  Violent; rude; boisterous.
8.  Rough; shaggy; as a rugged bear.
9.  In botany, scabrous; rough with tubercles or stiff points; as a leaf or stem.


Topic: Ruggedness
Definition:
RUG'GEDNESS, n.
1.  The quality or state of being rugged; roughness; asperity of surface; as the ruggedness of land or of roads.
2.  Roughness of temper; harshness; surliness.
3.  Coarseness; rudeness of manners.
4.  Storminess; boisterousness; as of a season.


Topic: Rugous
Definition:
RU'GOUS, a.  [L. rugosus, from ruga, a wrinkle.]  
1.  Wrinkled; full of wrinkles.
2.  In botany rugose leaf is when the veins are more contracted than the disk, so that the latter rises into little inequalities, as in sage, primrose, cowslip.  &c.


Topic: Ruin
Definition:
RU'IN, n.  [L. ruo, to fall, to rush down.]
1.  Destruction; fall; overthrow; defeat; that change of any thing which destroys it, or entirely defeats its object, or unfits it for use; as the ruin of a house; the ruin of a ship or an army; the ruin of a constitution of government; the ruin of health; the ruin of commerce; the ruin of public or private happiness; the ruin of a project.
2.  Mischief; bane; that which destroys.
The errors of young men are the ruin of business.
3.  Ruin, more generally ruins, the remains of a decayed or demolished city, house, fortress, or any work of art or other thing; as the ruins of Balbec, Palmyra or Persepolis; the ruins of a wall; a castle in ruins.
The labor of a day will not build up a virtuous habit on the ruins of an old and vicious character.
4.  The decayed or enfeebled remains of a natural object; as, the venerable old man presents a great mind in ruins.
5.  The cause of destruction.
They were the ruin of him and of all Israel.  2Chron. 28.
RU'IN, v,t,  
1.  To demolish; to pull down, burn, or otherwise destroy; as, to ruin a city or an edifice.
2.  To subvert; to destroy; as, to ruin a state or government.
3.  To destroy; to bring to an end; as, to ruin commerce or manufactures.
4.  To destroy in any manner; as, to ruin health or happiness; to ruin reputation.
5.  To counteract; to defeat; as, to ruin a plan or project.
6.  To deprive of felicity or fortune.
By thee rais'd I ruin all my foes.
Grace with a nod, and ruin with a frown.
7.  To impoverish; as, to be ruined by speculation.
The eyes of other people are the eyes that ruin us.
8.  To bring to everlasting misery; as, to ruin the soul.
RU'IN, v.i.
1.  To fall into ruins.
2.  To run to ruin; to fall into decay or be dilapidated.
Though he his house of polish'd marble build, yet shall it ruin like the moth's frail cell.
3.  To be reduced; to be brought to poverty or misery.
If we are idle, and disturb the industrious in their business, we shall ruin the faster.
[Note.  This intransitive use of the verb is now unusual.]


Topic: Ruinate
Definition:
RU'INATE, v.t.  To demolish; to subvert; to destroy; to reduce to poverty.  [This word is ill formed and happily is become obsolete.]


Topic: Ruiniform
Definition:
RU'INIFORM a.  [L. ruina and form.]  Having the appearance of ruins, or the ruins of houses.  Certain minerals are said to be ruiniform.


Topic: Ruining
Definition:
RU'INING, ppr.  Demolishing; subverting; destroying; reducing to poverty; bringing to endless misery.


Topic: Ruinous
Definition:
RU'INOUS, a.  [l. ruinosus.]
1.  Fallen to ruin; entirely decayed; demolished; dilapidated; as an edifice, bridge or wall in a ruinous state.
2.  Destructive; baneful; pernicious; bringing or tending to bring certain ruin.  Who can describe the ruinous practice of intemperance?
3.  Composed of ruins; consisting in ruins; as a ruinous heap.  Is. 17.


Topic: Rule
Definition:
RULE, n.  [L. regula, from rego, to govern, that is, to stretch, strain or make straight.]
1.  Government; sway; empire; control; supreme command or authority.
A wise servant shall have rule over a son that causeth shame.  Prov. 17.
And his stern rule the groaning land obey'd.
2.  That which is established as a principle, standard or directory; that by which any thing is to be adjusted or regulated, or to which it is to be conformed; that which is settled by authority or custom for guidance and direction.  Thus a statute or law is a rule of civil conduct; a canon is a rule of ecclesiastical government; the precept or command of a father is a rule of action or obedience to children; precedents in law are rules of decision to judges; maxims and customs furnish rules for regulating our social opinions and manners.  The laws of God are rules for directing us in life, paramount to all others.
A rule which you do not apply, is no rule at all.
3.  An instrument by which lines are drawn.  
Judicious artist will use his eye, but he will trust only to his rule.
4.  Established mode or course of proceeding prescribed in private life.  Every man should have some fixed rules for managing his own affairs.
5.  In literature, a maxim, canon or precept to be observed in any art or science.
6.  In monasteries, corporations or societies, a law or regulation to be observed by the society and its particular members.
7.  In courts, rules are the determinations and orders of court, to be observed by its officers in conducting the business of the court.
8.  In arithmetic and algebra, a determinate mode prescribed for performing any operation and producing a certain result.
9.  In grammar, an establish form of construction in a particular class of words; or the expression of that form in words.  Thus it is a rule in English, that s or es, added to a noun in the singular number, forms the plural of that noun; but man forms its plural men, and is an exception to the rule.
 Rule of three, is that rule of arithmetic which directs, when three terms are given, how to find a fourth, which shall have the same ratio to the third term, as the second has to the first.
RULE, v.t.  
1.  To govern; to control the will and actions of others, either by arbitrary power and authority, or by established laws.  The emperors of the east rule their subjects without the restraints of a constitution.  In limited governments, men are ruled by known laws.
If a man know not how to rule his own house, how shall he take care of the church of God?  1Tim. 3.
2.  To govern the movements of things; to conduct; to manage; to control.  That God rules the world he has created, is a fundamental article of belief.
3.  To manage; to conduct, in almost any manner.
4.  To settle as by a rule.
That's a ruled case with the schoolmen.
5.  To mark with lines by a ruler; as, to rule a blank book.
6.  To establish by decree or decision; to determine; as a court.

RULE, v.i.  To have power or command; to exercise supreme authority.
By me princes rule.  Prov. 8.
It is often followed by over.
They shall rule over their oppressors.  Is. 14.
We subdue and rule over all other creatures.


Topic: Ruler
Definition:
RU'LER, n. 
1.  One that governs, whether emperor, king, pope or governor; any one that exercises supreme power over others.
2.  One that makes or executes laws in a limited or free government.  Thus legislators and magistrates are called rulers.
3.  A rule; an instrument of wood or metal with straight edges or sides, by which lines are drawn on paper, parchment or other substance.  When a ruler has the lines of chords, tangents, sines, &c. it is called a plane scale.


Topic: Ruling
Definition:
RU'LING, ppr.
1.  Governing; controlling the will and actions of intelligent beings, or the movements of other physical bodies.
2.  Marking by a ruler.
3.  Deciding; determining.
4.  a.  Predominant; chief; controlling; as a ruling passion.


Topic: Rum
Definition:
RUM, n.  
1.  Spirit distilled from cane juice; or the scummings of the juice from the boiling house, or from the treacle or molasses which drains from sugar, or from dunder, the lees of former distillations.
In the United States, rum is distilled from molasses only.
2.  A low cant word for a country parson.
RUM, a.  Old fashioned; queer.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Rumble
Definition:
RUM'BLE, v.i.  [Heb., Gr., L. fremo.]
To make a low, heavy, continued sound; as thunder rumbles at a distance, but when near, its sound is sharp and rattling.  A heavy carriage rumbles on the pavement.


Topic: Rumbling
Definition:
RUM'BLING, ppr.  Making a low, heavy continued sound; as rumbling thunder.  A rumbling noise is a low, heavy, continued noise.
RUM'BLING, n.  A low, heavy, continued sound.  Jer. 47.


Topic: Rumbud
Definition:
RUM'BUD, n.  A grog blossom; the popular name of a redness occasioned by the detestable practice of excessive drinking.  rumbuds usually appear first on the nose, and gradually extend over the face.


Topic: Ruminant
Definition:
RU'MINANT, a.  [L. rumino.]  Chewing the cud; having the property of chewing again what has been swallowed; as ruminant animals.
RU'MINANT, n.  An animal that chews the cud.  Ruminants are four footed, hairy and viviparous.


Topic: Ruminate
Definition:
RU'MINATE, v.i.  [L. rumino, from rumen, the cud.]
1.  To chew the cud; to chew again what has been slightly chewed and swallowed.  Oxen, sheep, deer, goats, camels, hares and squirrels ruminate in fact; other animals, as moles, bees, crickets, beetles, crabs, &c. only appear to ruminate.
The only animals endowed with the genuine faculty of rumination, are the Ruminantia, or cloven-hoofed quadrupeds, but the hare, although its stomach is differently organized, is an occasional and partial ruminant.
2.  To muse; to meditate; to think again and again; to ponder.  It is natural to ruminate on misfortunes.
He practices a slow meditation, and ruminates on the subject.
RU'MINATE, v.t.
1.  To chew over again.
2.  To muse on; to meditate over and over again.
Mad with desire, she ruminates her sin.


Topic: Rumination
Definition:
RUMINA'TION, n.  [L. ruminatio.]  
1.  The act of chewing the cud.
2.  The power or property of chewing the cud.
Rumination is given to animals, to enable them at once to lay up a great store of food, and afterwards to chew it.
3.  A musing or continued thinking on a subject; deliberate meditation or reflection.
Retiring full of rumination sad.


Topic: Ruminator
Definition:
RU'MINATOR, n.  One that ruminates or muses on any subject; one that pauses to deliberate and consider.


Topic: Rummage
Definition:
RUM'MAGE, n.  A searching carefully by looking into every corner and by tumbling over things.
RUM'MAGE, v.t.  [l. rimor.]
To search narrowly by looking into every corner and turning over or removing goods or other things.
Our greedy seamen rummage every hold.
RUM'MAGE, v.i.  To search a place narrowly by looking among things.
I have often rummaged for old books in Little-Britain and Duck-Lane.


Topic: Rumor
Definition:
RU'MOR, n.  [L.] 
1.  Flying or popular report; a current story passing from one person to another without any known authority for the truth of it.
Rumor next and chance and tumult and confusion all embroil'd.
When ye shall hear of wars and rumors of wars, be ye not troubled.  Mark 13.
2.  Report of a fact; a story well authorized.
This rumor of him went forth throughout all Judea.  Luke 7.
3.  Fame; reported celebrity.
Great is the rumor of this dreadful knight.
RU'MOR, v.t.  To report; to tell or circulate a report.
'Twas rumor'd my father 'scap'd from out the citadel.


Topic: Rump
Definition:
RUMP, n.
1.  The end of the back bone of an animal with the parts adjacent.  Among the Jews, the rump was esteemed the most delicate part of the animal.
2.  The buttocks.


Topic: Rumple
Definition:
RUM'PLE, v.t.
To wrinkle; to make uneven; to form into irregular inequalities; as, to rumple and apron or a cravat.
RUM'PLE, n.  A fold or plait.


Topic: Run
Definition:
RUN, v.i. pret. ran or run; pp. run.
1.  To move or pass in almost any manner, as on the feet or on wheels.  Men and other animals run on their feet; carriages run on wheels, and wheels run on their axle-trees.
2.  To move or pass on the feet with celerity or rapidity, by leaps or long quick steps; as, men and quadrupeds run when in haste.
3.  To use the legs in moving; to step; as, children run alone or run about.
4.  To move in a hurry.
The priest and people run about.
5.  To proceed along the surface; to extend; to spread; as, the fire runs over a field or forest.
The fire ran along upon the ground.  Ex. 9.
6.  To rush with violence; as, a ship runs against a rock; or one ship runs against another.
7.  To move or pass on the water; to sail; as, ships run regularly between New York and Liverpool.  Before a storm, run into a harbor, or under the lee of the land.  The ship has run ten knots an hour.
8.  To contend in a race; as, men or horses run for a prize.
9.  To flee for escape.  When General Wolfe was dying, an officer standing by him exclaimed, see how they run.  Who run? said the dying hero.  The enemy, said the officer.  Then I die happy, said the general.
10.  To depart privately; to steal away.
My conscience will serve me to run from this Jew, my master.
11.  To flow in any manner, slowly or rapidly;  to move or pass; as a fluid.  Rivers run to the ocean or to lakes.  The Connecticut runs on sand, and its water is remarkably pure.  The tide runs two or three miles an hour.  Tears run down the cheeks.
12.  To emit; to let flow.
I command that the conduit run nothing but claret.
Rivers run potable gold.
But this form of expression is elliptical, with being omitted; 'rivers run with potable gold.'
13.  To be liquid or fluid.
As wax dissolves, as ice begin to run -
14.  To be fusible; to melt.
Sussex iron ores run freely in the fire.
15.  To fuse; to melt.
Your iron must not burn in the fire, that is, run or melt, for then it will be brittle.
16.  To turn; as, a wheel runs on an axis or on a pivot.
17.  To pass; to proceed; as, to run through a course of business; to run through life; to run in a circle or a line; to run through all degrees of promotion.
18.  To flow, as words, language or periods.  The lines run smoothly.
19.  To pass, as time.
As fast as our time runs, we should be glad in most part of our lives that it ran much faster.
20.  To have a legal course; to be attached to; to have legal effect.
Customs run only upon our goods imported or exported, and that but once for all; whereas interest runs as well upon our ships as goods, and must be yearly paid.
21.  To have a course or direction.
Where the generally allowed practice runs counter to it.
Little is the wisdom, where the flight so runs against all reason.
22.  To pass in thought, speech or practice; as, to run through a series of arguments; to run from one topic to another.
Virgil, in his first Georgic, has run into a set of precepts foreign to his subject.
23.  To be mentioned cursorily or in few words.
The whole runs on short, like articles in an account.
24.  To have a continued tenor or course.  The conversation ran on the affairs of the Greeks.
The king's ordinary style runneth, 'our sovereign lord the king.'
25.  To be in motion; to speak incessantly.  Her tongue runs continually.
26.  To be busied; to dwell.
When we desire any thing, our minds run wholly on the good circumstances of it; when it is obtained, our minds run wholly on the bad ones.
27.  To be popularly known.
Men gave then their own names, by which they run a great while in Rome.
28.  To be received; to have reception, success or continuance.  The pamphlet runs well among a certain class of people.
29.  To proceed in succession.
She saw with joy the line immortal run, each sire impress'd and glaring in his son.
30.  To pass from one state or condition to another; as, to run into confusion or error; to run distracted.
31.  To proceed in a train of conduct.
You should run a certain course.
32.  To be in force.
The owner hath incurred the forfeiture of eight years profits of his lands, before he cometh to the knowledge of the process that runneth against him.
33.  To be generally received.
He was not ignorant what report run of himself.
34.  To be carried; to extend; to rise; as, debates run high.
In popish countries, the power of the clergy runs higher.
35.  To have a track or course.
Searching the ulcer with my probe, the sinus run up above the orifice.
36.  To extend; to lie in continued length.  Veins of silver run in different directions.
37.  To have a certain direction.  The line runs east and west.
38.  To pass in an orbit of any figure.  The planets run their periodical courses.  The comets do not run lawless through the regions of space.
39.  To tend in growth or progress.  Pride is apt to run into a contempt of others.
40.  To grow exuberantly.  Young persons of 10 or 12 years old, soon run up to men and women.
If the richness of the ground cause turnips to run to leaves, treading down the leaves will help their rooting.
41.  To discharge pus or other matter; as, an ulcer runs.
42.  To reach; to extend to the remembrance of; as time out of mind, the memory of which runneth not to the contrary.
43.  To continue in time, before it becomes due and payable; as, a note runs thirty days; a note of six months has ninety days to run.
44.  To continue in effect, force or operation.
The statute may be prevented from running - by the act of the creditor.
45.  To press with numerous demands of payment; as, to run upon a bank.
46.  To pass or fall into fault, vice or misfortune; as, to run into vice; to run into evil practices; to run into debt; to run into mistakes.
47.  To fall or pass by gradual changes; to make a transition; as, colors run one into another.
48.  To have a general tendency.
Temperate climates run into moderate governments.
49.  To proceed as on a ground or principle.  Obs.
50.  To pass or proceed in conduct or management.
Tarquin, running into all the methods of tyranny, after a cruel reign was expelled.
51.  To creep; to move by creeping or crawling; as, serpents run on the ground.
52.  To slide; as, a sled or sleigh runs on the snow.
53.  To dart; to shoot; as a meteor in the sky.
54.  To fly; to move in the air; as, the clouds run from N.E. to S.W.
55.  In Scripture, to pursue or practice the duties of religion.
Ye did run well; who did hinder you?  Gal. 5.
56.  In elections, to have interest or favor; to be supported by votes.  The candidate will not run, or he will run well.
1.  To run after, to pursue or follow.
2.  To search for; to endeavor to find or obtain; as, to run after similes.
To run at, to attack with the horns, as a bull.
To run away, to flee; to escape.
1.  To run away with, to hurry without deliberation.
2.  To convey away; or to assist in escape or elopement.
To run in, to enter; to step in.
To run into, to enter; as, to run into danger.
To run in trust, to run in debt; to get credit.  [Not in use.]
1.  To run in with, to close; to comply; to agree with.  [Unusual.]
2.  To make towards; to near; to sail close to; as, to run in with the land; a seaman's phrase.
To run down a coast, to sail along it.
1.  To run on, to be continued.  Their accounts had run on for a year or two without a settlement.
2.  To talk incessantly.
3.  To continue a course.
4.  To press with jokes or ridicule; to abuse with sarcasms; to bear hard on.
To run over, to overflow; as, a cup runs over; or the liquor runs over.
1.  To run out, to come to an end; to expire; as, a lease runs out at Michaelmas.
2.  To spread exuberantly; as, insectile animals run out into legs.
3.  To expatiate; as, to run out into beautiful digressions.  He runs out in praise of Milton.
4.  To be wasted or exhausted; as, an estate managed without economy, will soon run out.
5.  To become poor by extravagance.
And had her stock been less, no doubt she must have long ago run out.
To run up, to rise; to swell; to amount.  Accounts of goods credited run up very fast.
RUN, v.t.
1.  To drive or push; in a general sense.  Hence to run a sword through the body, is to stab or pierce it.
2.  To drive; to force.
A talkative person runs himself upon great inconveniences, by blabbing out his own or others' secrets.
Others accustomed to retired speculations, run natural philosophy into metaphysical notions.
3.  To cause to be driven.
They ran the ship aground.  Acts 27.
4.  To melt; to fuse.
The purest gold must be run and washed.
5.  To incur; to encounter; to run the risk or hazard of losing one's property.  To run the danger, is a phrase not now in use.
6.  To venture; to hazard.
He would himself be in the Highlands to receive them, and run his fortune with them.
7.  To smuggle; to import or export without paying the duties required by law; as, to run goods.
8.  To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation; as, to run the world back to its first original.
I would gladly understand the formation of a soul, and run it up to its punctum saliens.
9.  To push; to thrust; as, to run the hand into the pocket or the bosom; to run a nail into the foot.
10.  To ascertain and mark by metes and bounds; as, to run a line between towns or states.
11.  To cause to ply; to maintain in running or passing; as, to run a stage coach from London to Bristol; to run a line of packets from New Haven to New York.
12.  To cause to pass; as, to run a rope through a block.
13.  To found; to shape, form or make in a mold; to cast; as, to run buttons or balls.
1.  To run down, in hunting, to chase to weariness; as, to run down a stag.
2.  In navigation, to run down a vessel, is to run against her, end on, and sink her.
3.  To crush; to overthrow; to overbear.
Religion is run down by the license of these times.
1.  To run hard, to press with jokes, sarcasm or ridicule.
2.  To urge or press importunately.
1.  To run over, to recount in a cursory manner; to narrate hastily; as, to run over the particulars of a story.
2.  To consider cursorily.
3.  To pass the eye over hastily.
1.  To run out, to thrust or push out; to extend.
2.  To waste; to exhaust; as, to run out an estate.
To run through, to expend; to waste; as, to run through an estate.
1.  To run up, to increase; to enlarge by additions.  A man who takes goods on credit, is apt to run up his account to a large sum before he is aware of it.
2.  To thrust up, as any thing long and slender.
RUN, n.
1.  The act of running.
2.  Course; motion; as the run of humor.
3.  Flow; as a run of verses to please the ear.
4.  Course; process; continued series; as the run of events.
5.  Way; will; uncontrolled course.
Our family must have their run.
6.  General reception; continued success.
It is impossible for detached papers to have a general run or long continuance, if not diversified with humor.
7.  Modish or popular clamor; as a violent run against university education.
8.  A general or uncommon pressure on a bank or treasury for payment of its notes.
9.  The aftmost part of a ship's bottom.
10.  The distance sailed by a ship; as, we had a good run.
11.  A voyage; also, an agreement among sailors to work a passage from one place to another.
12.  A pair of mill-stones.  A mill has two, four or six runs of stones.
13.  Prevalence; as, a disease, opinion or fashion has its run.
14.  In the middle and southern states of America, a small stream; a brook.
In the long run, [at the long run, not so generally used,] signifies the whole process or course of things taken together; in the final result; in the conclusion or end.
The run of mankind, the generality of people.


Topic: Runaway
Definition:
RUN'AWAY, n.  [run and away.]  One that flies from danger or restraint; one that deserts lawful service; a fugitive.


Topic: Runcinate
Definition:
RUN'CINATE, a.  [L. runcina, a saw.]  In botany, a runcinate leaf is a sort of pinnatifid leaf, with the lobes convex before and straight behind, like the teeth of a double saw, as in the dandelion.
Lion toothed; cut into several transverse acute segments, pointing backwards.


Topic: Rundle
Definition:
RUND'LE, n.  [from round.]  
1.  A round; a step of a ladder.
2.  Something put round an axis; a peritrochium; as a cylinder with a rundle about it.


Topic: Rung
Definition:
RUNG, pret. and pp. of ring.
RUNG, n.  A floor timber in a ship, whence the end is called a rung-head; more properly a floor-head.


Topic: Runlet
Definition:
RUN'LET, n.  [from round.]  A small barrel of no certain dimensions.  It may contain from 3 to 20 gallons.


Topic: Runner
Definition:
RUN'NER, n.  [from run.]
1.  One that runs; that which runs.
2.  A racer.
3.  A messenger.
4.  A shooting sprig.
In every root there will be one runner, with little buds on it.
5.  One of the stones of a mill.
6.  A bird.
7.  A thick rope used to increase the mechanical power of a tackle.


Topic: Runnet
Definition:
RUN'NET, n.  
The concreted milk found in the stomachs of calves or other sucking quadrupeds.  The same name is given to a liquor prepared by steeping the inner membrane of a calf's stomach in water, and to the membrane itself.  This is used for coagulating milk, or converting it into curd in the making of cheese.


Topic: Running
Definition:
RUN'NING, ppr.  
1.  Moving or going with rapidity; flowing.
2.  a.  Kept for the race; as a running horse.
3.  In succession; without any intervening day, year, &c.; as, to visit two days running; to sow land two years running.
4.  Discharging pus or other matter; as a running sore.
RUN'NING, n.
1.  The act of running, or passing with speed.
2.  That which runs or flows; as the first running of a still or of cider at the mill.
3.  The discharge of an ulcer or other sore.


Topic: Running-fight
Definition:
RUN'NING-FIGHT, n.  A battle in which one party flees and the other pursues, but the party fleeing keeps up the contest.


Topic: Running-rigging
Definition:
RUNNING-RIG'GING, n.  That part of a ship's rigging or ropes which passes through blocks, &c.; in distinction from standing-rigging.


Topic: Running-title
Definition:
RUNNING-TITLE, n.  In printing, the title of a book that is continued from page to page on the upper margin.


Topic: Runt
Definition:
RUNT, n.  [See Runnet.]
Any animal small below the natural or usual size of the species.
Of tame pigeons, are croppers, carriers and runts.


Topic: Rupee
Definition:
RUPEE', n.
A silver coin of the East Indies, of the value of 2s. 4d. or 2s. 6d. sterling; about 52 or 56 cents.


Topic: Rupture
Definition:
RUP'TURE, n.  [L. ruptus, rumpo, to break.]
1.  The act of breaking or bursting; the state of being broken or violently parted; as the rupture of the skin; the rupture of a vessel or fiber.
2.  Hernia; a preternatural protrusion of the contents of the abdomen.
3.  Breach of peace or concord, either between individuals or nations; between nations, open hostility or war.  We say, the parties or nations have come to an open rupture.
He knew that policy would disincline Napoleon from a rupture with his family.
RUP'TURE, v.t.  To break; to burst; to part by violence; as, to rupture a blood vessel.
RUP'TURE, v.i.  To suffer a breach of disruption.


Topic: Rural
Definition:
RU'RAL, a.  [L. ruralis, from rus, the country.]
Pertaining to the country, as distinguished from a city or town; suiting the country, or resembling it; as rural scenes; a rural prospect; a rural situation; rural music.


Topic: Ruricolist
Definition:
RURIC'OLIST, n.  [L. ruricola; rus, the country, and colo, to inhabit.]
An inhabitant of the country.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Rush
Definition:
RUSH, n.  [Heb. usually rendered sea-weed, and applied to the Arabic gulf, Deut. 1:1  Numbers 21:14.  This correspondence deserves notice, as illustrating certain passages in the Scriptures.]
1.  A plant of the genus Juncus of many species.  The pith of the rush is used in some places for wicks to lamps and rush lights.
2.  Any thing proverbially worthless or of trivial value.
John Bull's friendship is not worth a rush.
RUSH, v.i.  
1.  To move or drive forward with impetuosity, violence and tumultuous rapidity; as, armies rush to battle; waters rush down a precipice; winds rush through the forest.  We ought never to rush into company, much less into a religious assembly.
2.  To enter with undue eagerness, or without due deliberation and preparation; as, to rush into business or speculation; to rush into the ministry.
RUSH, v.t.  To push forward with violence.  [Not used.]
RUSH, n.  A driving forward with eagerness and haste; a violent motion or course; as a rush of troops; a rush of winds.


Topic: Rush-candle
Definition:
RUSH-CANDLE, n.  A small blinking taper made by stripping a rush, except one small strip of the bark which holds the pith together, and dipping it in tallow.


Topic: Rusma
Definition:
RUS'MA, n.  A brown and light iron substance, with half as much quicklime steeped in water, of which the Turkish women make their psilothron to take off their hair.


Topic: Russ
Definition:
RUSS, a. roos.  Pertaining to the Russ or Russians.  [The native word is Russ.  We have Russia from the south of Europe.]
RUSS, n. roos.  The language of the Russ or Russians.


Topic: Russet
Definition:
RUS'SET, a.  [L. russus.  See Red and Ruddy.]
1.  Of a reddish brown color; as a russet mantle.
Our summer such a russet livery wears.
2.  Coarse; homespun; rustic.
RUS'SET, n.  A country dress.
RUS'SET,


Topic: Russeting
Definition:
RUS'SETING, n.  A kind of apple of a russet color and rough skin.  [I have never known a pear so called in America, though it seems that in England pears have this name.]


Topic: Rust
Definition:
RUST, n.  [Gr. probably from its color, and allied to ruddy, red, as L. rubigo is from rubeo.  See Ruddy.]
1.  The oxyd of a metal; a substance composed of oxygen combined with a metal, and forming a rough coat on its surface.  All metals except gold are liable to rust.
2.  Loss of power by inactivity, as metals lose their brightness and smoothness when not used.
3.  Any foul matter contracted; as rust on corn or salted meat.
4.  Foul extraneous matter; as sacred truths cleared from the rust of human mixtures.
5.  A disease in grain, a kind of dust which gathers on the stalks and leaves.
RUST, v.i.
1.  To contract rust; to be oxydized and contract a roughness on the surface.
Our armors now may rust.
2.  To degenerate in idleness; to become dull by inaction.
Must I rust in Egypt?
3.  To gather dust or extraneous matter.
RUST, v.t.
1.  To cause to contract rust.
Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust them.
2.  To impair by time and inactivity.


Topic: Rusticate
Definition:
RUST'ICATE, v.i.  [L. rusticor, from rus.]  To dwell or reside in the country.
RUST'ICATE, v.t.  To compel to reside in the country; to banish from a town or college for a time.


Topic: Rustication
Definition:
RUSTICA'TION, n.  
1.  Residence in the country.
2.  In universities and colleges, the punishment of a student for some offense, by compelling him to leave the institution and reside for a time in the country.


Topic: Rusticity
Definition:
RUSTIC'ITY, n.  [L. rusticitas.]
The qualities of a countryman; rustic manners; rudeness; coarseness; simplicity; artlessness.


Topic: Rustle
Definition:
RUSTLE, v.i. rus'l.
To make a quick succession of small sounds, like the rubbing of silk cloth or dry leaves; as a rustling silk; rustling leaves or trees; rustling wings.
He is coming; I hear the straw rustle.


Topic: Rustling
Definition:
RUS'TLING, ppr.  Making the sound of silk cloth when rubbed.
RUS'TLING, n.  A quick succession of small sounds, as a brushing among dry leaves or straw.


Topic: Rusty
Definition:
RUST'Y, a.
1.  Covered or affected with rust; as a rusty knife or sword.
2.  Dull; impaired by inaction or neglect of use.
3.  Surly; morose.
4.  Covered with foul or extraneous matter.


Topic: Rut
Definition:
RUT, n.  The copulation of deer.
RUT, v.i.  To lust, as deer.
RUT, n.  [L. rota, a wheel.]  The track of a wheel.


Topic: Ruth
Definition:
RUTH, n.  [from rue.]  
1.  Mercy; pity; tenderness; sorrow for the misery of another  Obs.
2.  Misery; sorrow.  Obs.


Topic: Ruthless
Definition:
RUTHLESS, a.  Cruel; pitiless; barbarous; insensible to the miseries of others.
Their rage the hostile bands restrain, all but the ruthless monarch of the main.


Topic: Rutile
Definition:
RU'TILE, n.  Sphene, an oxyd of titanium, of a dark red color, or of a light or brownish red.  It occurs massive, disseminated, membranous, and in crystals.


Topic: Ruttier
Definition:
RUT'TIER, n.  Direction of the road or course at sea; an old traveler acquainted with roads; an old soldier.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Rye
Definition:
RYE, n.  [This word is the English rough.]
1.  An esculent grain of the genus Secale, of a quality inferior to wheat, but a species of grain easily cultivated, and constituting a large portion of bread stuff.
2.  A disease in a hawk.


Topic: Ryot
Definition:
RY'OT, n.  In Hindoostan, a renter of land by a lease which is considered as perpetual, and at a rate fixed by ancient surveys and valuations.


Topic: S
Definition:
S, the nineteenth letter of the English Alphabet, is a sibilant articulation, and numbered among the semi-vowels.  It represents the hissing made by driving the breath between the end of the tongue and the roof of the mouth, just above the upper teeth.  It has two uses; one to express a mere hissing, as in Sabbath, sack, sin, this, thus; the other a vocal hissing, precisely like that of z, as in muse, wise, pronounced muze, wize.  It generally has its hissing sound at the beginning of all proper English words, but in the middle and end of words, its sound is to be known only by usage.  In a few words it is silent, as in isle and viscount.
In abbreviations, S. stands for societas, society, or socius, fellow; as F.R.S. fellow of the Royal Society.  In medical prescriptions, S.A. signifies secundem artem, according to the rules of art.
In the notes of the ancients, S. stands for Sextus; SP. for Spurius; S.C. for senatus consultum; S.P.Q.R. for senatus populusque Romanus; S.S.S. for stratum super stratum, one layer above another alternately; S.V.B.E.E.Q.V. for sivales, bene est, ego quoque valeo.
As a numeral, S. denoted seven.  In the Italian music, S. signifies solo.  In books of navigation and in common usage, S. stands for south; S.E. for south-east; S.W. for south-west; S.S.E. for south south-east; S.S.W. for south south-west, &c.


Topic: Sabbatarian
Definition:
SABBATARIAN, n. [from sabbath.] One who observes the seventh day of the week as the sabbath, instead of the first.  A sect of baptists are called sabbatarians.  They maintain that the Jewish sabbath has not been abrogated.
SABBATARIAN, a.  Pertaining to those who keep Saturday, or the seventh day of the week, as the sabbath.


Topic: Sabbath
Definition:
SABBATH, n.  
1.  The day which God appointed to be observed by the Jews as a day of rest from all secular labor or employments, and to be kept holy and consecrated to his service and worship.  This was originally the seventh day of the week, the day on which God rested from the work of creation; and this day is still observed by the Jews and some christians, as the sabbath.  But the christian church very early begun and still continue to observe the first day of the week, in commemoration of the resurrection of Christ on that day, by which the work of redemption was completed.  Hence it is often called the Lords day.  The heathen nations in the north of Europe dedicated this day to the sun, and hence their christian descendants continue to call the day Sunday.  But in the United States, christians have to a great extent discarded the heathen name, and adopted the Jewish name sabbath.
2.  Intermission of pain or sorrow; time of rest.
Peaceful sleep out the sabbath of the tomb.
3.  The sabbatical year among the Israelites.  Lev. 25.


Topic: Sabbath-breaker
Definition:
SABBATH-BREAKER, n.  One who profanes the sabbath by violating the laws of God or man which enjoin the religious observance of that day.


Topic: Sabbath-breaking
Definition:
SABBATH-BREAKING, n.  A profanation of the sabbath by violating the injunction of the fourth  commandment, or the municipal laws of a state which require the observance of that day as holy time.  All unnecessary secular labor, visiting, traveling, sports, amusements and the like are considered as sabbath-breaking.


Topic: Sabellian
Definition:
SABELLIAN, a.  Pertaining to the heresy of Sabellius.
SABELLIAN, n.  A follower of Sabellius, a philosopher of Egypt in the third century, who openly taught that there is one person only in the Godhead, and that the Word and Holy Spirit are only virtues, emanations or functions of the Deity.


Topic: Sabianism
Definition:
SABIANISM, n.  That species of idolatry which consisted in worshiping the sun, moon and stars.  This idolatry existed in the world, and was propagated by the inhabitants who migrated westward into Europe, and continued among our ancestors till they embraced the christian religion.


Topic: Sable
Definition:
SABLE, n.  
1.  A small animal of the weasel kind, the mustela zibelina, found in the northern latitudes of America and Asia.  It resembles the martin, but has a longer head and ears.  Its hair is cinereous, but black at the tips.  This animal burrows in the earth or under trees; in winter and summer subsisting on small animals, and in autumn on berries.  The fur is very valuable.
2.  The fur of the sable.


Topic: Sabliere
Definition:
SAB'LIERE, n.  [L. sabulum.]
1.  A sand pit.  [Not much used.]
2.  In carpentry, a piece of timber as long, but not so thick as a beam.


Topic: Sabre
Definition:
SABRE, n.  A sword or cimitar with a broad and heavy blade, thick at the back, and a little falcated or hooked at the point; a faulchion.


Topic: Sac
Definition:
SAC, n.  [This is the English sake, which see.]
In English law, the privilege enjoyed by the lord of a manor, of holding courts, trying causes and imposing fines.


Topic: Saccade
Definition:
SACCA'DE, n.  A sudden violent check of a horse by drawing or twitching the reins on a sudden and with one pull; a correction used when the horse bears heavy on the hand.  It should be used discretely.


Topic: Sacchariferous
Definition:
SACCHARIF'EROUS, a.  [L. saccharum, sugar, and fero, to produce.]
Producing sugar; as sacchariferous canes.  The maple is a sacchariferous tree.


Topic: Saccharine
Definition:
SAC'CHARINE, a.  [L. saccharum, sugar.]
Pertaining to sugar; having the qualities of sugar; as a saccharine taste; the saccharine matter of the cane juice.


Topic: Saccholactic
Definition:
SACCHOLAC'TIC, a.  [L. saccharum, sugar, and lac, milk.]
A term in the new chimistry, denoting an acid obtained from the sugar of milk; now called mucic acid.


Topic: Sacerdotal
Definition:
SACERDO'TAL, a.  [L. sacerdotalis, from sacerdos, a priest.  See Sacred.]
Pertaining to priests or the priesthood; priestly; as sacerdotal dignity; sacerdotal functions or garments; sacerdotal character.


Topic: Sachel
Definition:
SACH'EL, n.  [L. sacculus, dim. of saccus.]
A small sack or bag; a bag in which lawyers and children carry papers and books.


Topic: Sack
Definition:
SACK, n.  [L. saccus.  Heb.  See the verb to sack.]
1.  A bag, usually a large cloth bag, used for holding and conveying corn, small wares, wool, cotton, hops, and the like.  Gen 42.
Sack of wool, in England, is 22 stone of 14lb. each, or 308 pounds.  In Scotland, it is 24 stone of 16 pounds each, or 384 pounds.
A sack of cotton, contains usually about 300lb. but it may be from 150 to 400 pounds.
Sack of earth, in fortification, is a canvas bag filled with earth, used in making retrenchments in haste.
2.  The measure of three bushels.
SACK, n.  A species of sweet wine, brought chiefly from the Canary isles.
SACK, n.  [L. sagum, whence Gr.  But the word is Celtic or Teutonic.]
Among our rude ancestors, a kind of cloak of a square form, worn over the shoulders and body, and fastened in from by a clasp or thorn.  It was originally made of skin, afterwards of wool.  In modern times, this name has been given to a woman's garment, a gown with loose plaits on the back; but no garment of this kind is now worn, and the word is in disuse.  [See Varro, Strabo, Cluver, Bochart.]
SACK, v.t.  To put in a sac or in bags.
SACK, v.t.  [From comparing this word and sack, a bag, in several languages, it appears that they are both from one root, and that the primary sense is to strain, pull, draw; hence sack, a bag, is a tie, that which is tied or drawn together; and sack, to pillage, is to pull, to strip, that is, to take away by violence.]
To plunder or pillage, as a town or city.  Rome was twice taken and sacked in the reign of one pope.  This word is never, I believe, applied to the robbing of persons, or pillaging of single houses, but to the pillaging of towns and cities; and as towns are usually or often sacked, when taken by assault, the word may sometimes include the sense of taking by storm.
The Romans lay under the apprehension of seeing their city sacked by a barbarous enemy.
SACK, n.  The pillage or plunder of a town or city; or the storm and plunder of a town; as the sack of Troy.


Topic: Sackbut
Definition:
SACK'BUT, n.  [The last syllable is the L. buxus.]
A wind instrument of music; a kind of trumpet, so contrived that it can be lengthened or shortened according to the tone required.


Topic: Sackcloth
Definition:
SACK'CLOTH, n.  [sack and cloth.]  Cloth of which sacks are made; coarse cloth.  This word is chiefly used in Scripture to denote a cloth or garment worn in mourning, distress or mortification.
Gird you with sackcloth and mourn before Abner.  2Sam. 3.  
Esther 4.  Job 46.


Topic: Sacking
Definition:
SACK'ING, ppr.  Taking by assault and plundering or pillaging.
SACK'ING, n.  The act of taking by storm and pillaging.
SACK'ING, n.  
1.  Cloth of which sacks or bags are made.
2.  The coarse cloth or canvas fastened to a bedstead for supporting the bed.


Topic: Sacrament
Definition:
SAC'RAMENT, n.  [L. sacramentum, an oath, from sacer, sacred.]
1.  Among ancient christian writers, a mystery.  [Not in use.]
2.  An oath; a ceremony producing an obligation; but not used in this general sense.
3.  In present usage, an outward and visible sign of inward and spiritual grace; or more particularly, a solemn religious ceremony enjoined by Christ, the head of the christian church, to be observed by his followers, by which their special relation to him is created, or their obligations to him renewed and ratified.  Thus baptism is called a sacrament, for by it persons are separated from the world, brought into Christ's visible church, and laid under particular obligations to obey his precepts.  The eucharist or communion of the Lord's supper, is also a sacrament, for by commemorating the death and dying love of Christ, christians avow their special relation to him, and renew their obligations to be faithful to their divine Master.  When we use sacrament without any qualifying word, we mean by it,
4.  The eucharist or Lord's supper.
SAC'RAMENT, v.t.  To bind by an oath.  [Not used.]


Topic: Sacramental
Definition:
SACRAMENT'AL, a.  Constituting a sacrament or pertaining to it; as sacramental rites or elements.
SACRAMENT'AL, n.  That which relates to a sacrament.


Topic: Sacramentarian
Definition:
SACRAMENTA'RIAN, n.  One that differs from the Romish church in regard to the sacraments, or to the Lord's supper; a word applied by the catholics to protestants.


Topic: Sacramentary
Definition:
SACRAMENT'ARY, n.  
1.  An ancient book of the Romish church, written by pope Gelasius, and revised, corrected and abridged by St. Gregory, in which were contained all the prayers and ceremonies practiced in the celebration of the sacraments.
2.  A sacramentarian; a term of reproach applied by papists to protestants.
SACRAMENT'ARY,


Topic: Sacred
Definition:
SA'CRED, a.  [L. sacer, sacred, holy, cursed, damnable.  We here see the connection  between sacredness and secrecy.  The sense is removed or separated from that which is common, vulgar, polluted, or open, public; and accursed is separated from society or the privileges of citizens, rejected, banished.]
1.  Holy; pertaining to God or to his worship; separated from common secular uses and consecrated to God and his service; as a sacred place; a sacred day; a sacred feast; sacred service; sacred orders.
2.  Proceeding from God and containing religious precepts; as the sacred books of the Old and New Testament.
3.  Narrating or writing facts respecting God and holy things; as a sacred historian.
4.  Relating to religion or the worship of God; used for religious purposes; as sacred songs; sacred music; sacred history.
5.  Consecrated; dedicated; devoted; with to.
A temple sacred to the queen of love.
6.  Entitled to reverence; venerable.
Poet and saint to thee alone were given, the two most sacred names of earth and heav'n.
7.  Inviolable, as if appropriated to a superior being; as sacred honor or promise.
Secrets of marriage still are sacred held.
Sacred majesty.  In this title, sacred has no definite meaning, or it is blasphemy.
Sacred place, in the civil law, is that where a deceased person is buried.


Topic: Sacredly
Definition:
SA'CREDLY, adv.
1.  Religiously; with due reverence as of something holy or consecrated to God; as, to observe the sabbath sacredly; the day is sacredly kept.
2.  Inviolably; strictly; as, to observe one's word sacredly; a secret to be sacredly kept.


Topic: Sacredness
Definition:
SA'CREDNESS, n.
1.  The state of being sacred, or consecrated to God, to his worship or to religious uses; holiness; sanctity; as the sacredness of the sanctuary or its worship; the sacredness of the sabbath; the sacredness of the clerical office.
2.  Inviolableness; as the sacredness of marriage vows or of a trust.


Topic: Sacrifice
Definition:
SAC'RIFICE, v.t.  sac'rifize.  [L. sacrifico;  sacer, sacred, and facio, to  make.]
1.  To offer to God in homage or worship, by killing and consuming, as victims on an altar; to immolate, either as an atonement for sin, or to procure favor, or to express thankfulness; as, to sacrifice an ox or a lamb.  2Sam. 6.
2.  To destroy, surrender or suffer to be lost for the sake of obtaining something; as, to sacrifice the peace of the church to a little vain curiosity.  We should never sacrifice health to pleasure, nor integrity to fame.
3.  To devote with loss.
Condemn'd to sacrifice his childish years to babbling ignorance and to empty fears.
4.  To destroy; to kill.
SAC'RIFICE, v.i.  To make offerings to God by the slaughter and burning of victims, or of some part of them.  Ex. 3.
SAC'RIFICE, n.  [L. sacrificium.]
1.  An offering made to God by killing and burning some animal upon an altar, as an acknowledgment of his power and providence, or to make atonement for sin, appease his wrath or conciliate his favor, or to express thankfulness for his benefits.  Sacrifices have been common to most nations, and have been offered to false gods, as well as by the Israelites to Jehovah.  A sacrifice differs from an oblation; the latter being an offering of a thing entire or without change, as tithes or first fruits; whereas sacrifice implies a destruction or killing, as of a beast.  Sacrifices are expiatory, impetratory, and eucharistical; that is, atoning for sin, seeking favor, or expressing thanks.
Human sacrifices, the killing and offering of human beings to deities, have been practiced by some barbarous nations.
2.  The thing offered to God, or immolated by an act of religion.
My life if thou preserv'st, my life thy sacrifice shall be.
3.  Destruction, surrender or loss made or incurred for gaining some object, or for obliging another; as the sacrifice of interest to pleasure, or of pleasure to interest.
4.  Any thing destroyed.


Topic: Sacrilege
Definition:
SAC'RILEGE, n.  [L. sacrilegium; sacer, sacred, and lego, to take or steal.]
The crime of violating or profaning sacred things; or the alienating to laymen or to common purposes what has been appropriated or consecrated to religious persons or uses.
And the hid treasures in her sacred tomb with sacrilege to dig.


Topic: Sacrilegious
Definition:
SACRILE'GIOUS, a.  [L. sacrilegus.]  
1.  Violating sacred things; polluted with the crime of sacrilege.
Above the reach of sacrilegious hands.
2.  Containing sacrilege; as a sacrilegious attempt or act.


Topic: Sacrilegiously
Definition:
SACRILE'GIOUSLY, adv.  With sacrilege; in violation of sacred things; as sacrilegiously invading the property of a church.


Topic: Sacrist
Definition:
SA'CRIST, n.  A sacristan; a person retained in a cathedral to copy out music for the choir, and take care of the books.


Topic: Sacristan
Definition:
SAC'RISTAN, n.  [L. sacer, sacred.]
An officer of the church who has the care of the utensils or movables of the church.  It is now corrupted into sexton.


Topic: Sacristy
Definition:
SAC'RISTY, n.  [L. sacer, sacred.]
An apartment in a church where the sacred utensils are kept; now called the vestry.


Topic: Sad
Definition:
SAD, a. [It is probable this word is from the root of set.  I have not found the word is from the root of set.  I have not found the word in the English sense, in any other language.]
1.  Sorrowful; affected with grief; cast down with affliction.
Th' angelic guards ascended, mute and sad.
Sad for their loss, but joyful of our life.
2.  Habitually melancholy; gloomy; not gay or cheerful.
See in her cell sad Eloisa spread.
3.  Downcast; gloomy; having the external appearance of sorrow; as a sad countenance.  Matt. 6.
4.  Serious; grave; not gay, light or volatile.
Lady Catherine, a sad and religious woman.
5.  Afflictive; calamitous; causing sorrow; as a sad accident; a sad misfortune.
6.  Dark colored.
Woad or wade is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of all sad colors.
[This sense is, I believe, entirely obsolete.]
7.  Bad; vexatious; as a sad husband.  [Colloquial.]
8.  Heavy; weighty; ponderous.
With that his hand more sad than lump of lead.  Obs.
9.  Close; firm; cohesive; opposed to light or friable.
Chalky lands are naturally cold and sad.  Obs.
[The two latter senses indicate that the primary sense is set, fixed.]


Topic: Sadden
Definition:
SADDEN, v.t.  sad'n.
1.  To make sad or sorrowful; also, to make melancholy or gloomy.
2.  To make dark colored.  Obs.
3.  To make heavy, firm or cohesive.
Marl is binding, and saddening of land is the great prejudice it doth to clay lands.  Obs.


Topic: Saddle
Definition:
SADDLE, n. sad'l.  [L. sedeo, sedile.]
1.  A seat to be placed on a horse's back for the rider to sit on.  Saddles are variously made, as the common saddle and the hunting saddle, and for females the side-saddle.
2.  Among seamen, a cleat or block of wood nailed on the lower yard-arms to retain the studding sail-booms in their place.  The name is given also to other circular pieces of wood; as the saddle of the bow-spirit.


Topic: Sadducean
Definition:
SADDUCE'AN, a.  Pertaining to the Sadducees, a sect among the ancient Jews, who denied the resurrection, a future state, and the existence of angels.  Acts 23.


Topic: Sadly
Definition:
SAD'LY, adv. 
1.  Sorrowfully; mournfully.
He sadly suffers in their grief.
2.  In a calamitous or miserable manner.  The misfortunes which others experience we may one day sadly feel.
3.  In a dark color.  Obs.


Topic: Sadness
Definition:
SAD'NESS, n.
1.  Sorrowfulness; mournfulness; dejection of mind; as grief and sadness at the memory of sin.
2.  A melancholy look; gloom of countenance.
Dim sadness did not spare Celestial visages.
3.  Seriousness; sedate gravity.  Let every thing in a mournful subject have an air of sadness.


Topic: Safe
Definition:
SAFE, a.  [L. salvus, from salus, safety, health.]
1.  Free from danger of any kind; as safe from enemies; safe from disease; safe from storms; safe from the malice of foes.
2.  Free from hurt, injury or damage; as, to walk safe over red hot plowshares.  We brought the goods safe to land.
3.  Conferring safety; securing from harm; as a safe guide; a safe harbor; a safe bridge.
4.  Not exposing to danger.  Phil. 3.
5.  No longer dangerous; placed beyond the power of doing harm; a ludicrous meaning.
Banquo's safe. - Aye, my good lord, safe in a ditch.
 
SAFE, n.  A place of safety; a place for securing provisions from noxious animals.
SAFE, v.t.  To render safe.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Safe-conduct
Definition:
SAFE-CON'DUCT, n.  [safe and conduct.]
That which gives a safe passage, either a convoy or guard to protect a person in an enemy's country or in a foreign country, or a writing, a pass or warrant of security given to a person by the sovereign of a country to enable him to travel with safety.


Topic: Safe-keeping
Definition:
SAFE-KEE'PING, n.  [safe and keep.]  The act of keeping or preserving in safety from injury or from escape.


Topic: Safeguard
Definition:
SA'FEGU'ARD, n.  [safe and guard.]
1.  He or that which defends or protects; defense; protection.
The sword, the safeguard of thy brother's throne.
2.  A convoy or guard to protect a traveler.
3.  A passport; a warrant of security given by a sovereign to protect a stranger within his territories; formerly, a protection granted to a stranger in prosecuting his rights in due course of law.
4.  An outer petticoat to save women's clothes on horseback.
SA'FEGU'ARD, v.t.  To guard; to protect.  [Little used.]


Topic: Safely
Definition:
SA'FELY, adv.
1.  In a safe manner; without incurring danger or hazard of evil consequences.  We may safely proceed, or safely conclude.
2.  Without injury.  We passed the river safely.
3.  Without escape; in close custody; as, to keep a prisoner safely.


Topic: Safeness
Definition:
SA'FENESS, n.  
1.  Freedom from danger; as the safeness  of an experiment.
2.  The state of  being safe, or of conferring safety; as the safeness of a bridge or of a beat.


Topic: Safety
Definition:
SA'FETY, n.
1.  Freedom from danger or hazard; as the safety of an electrical experiment; the safety of a voyage.
I was not in safety, nor had I rest.  Job 3.
2.  Exemption from hurt, injury or loss.  We crossed the Atlantic in safety.


Topic: Safety-valve
Definition:
SA'FETY-VALVE, n.  A valve by means of which a boiler is preserved from bursting by the force of steam.


Topic: Saffron
Definition:
SAF'FRON, n.  [The radical sense is to fail, or to be hollow, or to be exhausted.
1.  A plant of the genus Crocus.  The bastard saffron is of the genus Carthamus, and the meadow saffron of the genus Colchicum.
2.  In the materia medica, saffron is formed of the stigmata of the Crocus officinalis, dried on a kiln and pressed into cakes.
SAF'FRON, a.  Having the color of saffron flowers; yellow; as a saffron face; a saffron streamer.
SAF'FRON, v.t.  To tinge with saffron; to make yellow; to gild.


Topic: Sag
Definition:
SAG, v.i.  [a different spelling of swag, which see.]
1.  To yield; to give way; to lean or incline from an upright position, or to bend from a horizontal position.  Our workmen say, a building sags to the north or south; or a beam sags by means of its weight.
2.  In sailing, to incline to the leeward; to make lee way.
SAG, v.t.  To cause to bend or give way; to load or burden.


Topic: Sagacious
Definition:
SAGA'CIOUS, a.  [L. sagax, from sagus, wise, foreseeing; saga, a wise woman; sagio, to perceive readily.  The latter signifies wise, prudent, sage, and an essay, which unites this word with seek, and L. sequor.]
1.  Quick of scent; as a sagacious hound; strictly perhaps, following by the scent, which sense is connected with L. sequor; with of; as sagacious of his quarry.
2.  Quick of thought; acute in discernment or penetration; as a sagacious head; a sagacious mind.
I would give more for the criticisms of one sagacious enemy, than for those of a score of admirers.


Topic: Sagaciousness
Definition:
SAGA'CIOUSNESS, n.
1.  The quality of being sagacious; quickness of scent.
2.  Quickness or acuteness of discernment.


Topic: Sagacity
Definition:
SAGAC'ITY, n.  [L. sagacitas.]
1.  Quickness or acuteness of scent; applied to animals.
2.  Quickness or acuteness of discernment or penetration; readiness of apprehension; the faculty of readily discerning and distinguishing ideas, and of separating truth from falsehood.
Sagacity finds out the intermediate ideas, to discover what connection there is in each link of the chain.


Topic: Sage
Definition:
SAGE, n.  A plant of the genius Salvia, of several species; as the officinalis, or common large sage, of several varieties; the tomentosa or balsamic sage; the auriculata, or sage of virtue; and the pomifera.
SAGE, a.  [L. saga, sagus, sagio.  See sagacious.]
1.  Wise; having nice discernment and powers of judging; prudent; grave; as a sage counselor.
2.  Wise; judicious; proceeding from wisdom; well judged; well adapted to the purpose; as sage counsels.

SAGE, n.  A wise man; a man of gravity and wisdom; particularly, a man venerable for years, and known as a man of sound judgment and prudence; a grave philosopher.
At his birth a star proclaims him come, and guides the eastern sages.
Groves where immortal sages taught.


Topic: Sagittal
Definition:
SAG'ITTAL, a.  [L.  sagittalis, from sagitta, an arrow; that which is thrown or driven, probably from the root of say and sing.]
Pertaining to an arrow; resembling an arrow; as sagittal bars of yellow.
In anatomy, the sagittal suture is the suture which unites the parietal bones of the skull.


Topic: Sagittarius
Definition:
SAGITTA'RIUS, n.  [L. an archer.]  One of the twelve signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters November 22.


Topic: Sagittate
Definition:
SAG'ITTATE, a.  In botany, shaped like the head of an arrow; triangular, hollowed at the base, with angles at the hinder part; or with the hinder angles acute, divided by a sinus; applied to the leaf, stipula or anther.


Topic: Sago
Definition:
SA'GO, n.  a dry mealy substance or granulated paste, imported from Java and the Philippine and Molucca isles.  It is the pith or marrow of a species of palm tree, and much used in medicine as a restorative diet.


Topic: Sagoin
Definition:
SAGOIN', n.  The Sagoins form a division of the genus Simia, including such of the monkeys of America as have hairy tails, not prehensile.


Topic: Sahlite
Definition:
SAH'LITE, n.  A mineral name from the mountain Sahla, in Westermania, where it was discovered.  It is of a light greenish gray color, occurs massive, and composed of coarse granular concretion.  It is called also malacolite; a subspecies or variety of augite.


Topic: Saic
Definition:
SAIC, n.  a Turkish or Grecian vessel, very common in the Levant, a kind of ketch which has no top-gallant-sail, nor mizen-top-sail.


Topic: Said
Definition:
SAID, pret. and pp. of say; so written for sayed.  
1.  Declared; uttered; reported.
2.  Aforesaid; before mentioned.


Topic: Sail
Definition:
SAIL, n.  [L. sal, salt.]
1.  In navigation, a spread of canvas, or an assemblage of several breadths of canvas, [or some substitute for it,] sewed together with a double seam at the borders, and edged with a cord called the bolt-rope, to be extended on the masts or yards for receiving the impulse of wind by which a ship is driven.  The principal sails are the courses or lower salts, the top-sails and top-gallant-sails.
2.  In poetry, wings.
3.  A ship or other vessel; used in the singular for a single ship, or as a collective name for many.  We saw a sail at the leeward.  We saw three sail on our star-board quarter.  The fleet consists of twenty sail.
To loose sails, to unfurl them.
To make sail, to extend an additional quantity of sail.
To set sail, to expand or spread the sails; and hence; to begin a voyage.
To shorten sail, to reduce the extent of sail, or take in a part.
1.  To strike sail, to lower the sails suddenly, as in saluting or in sudden gusts of wind.
2.  To bate show or pomp.
SAIL, v.i.
1.  To be impelled or driven forward by the action of wind upon sails, as a ship on water.  A ship sails from New York for Liverpool.  She sails ten knots an hour.  She sails well close-hauled.
2.  To be conveyed in a vessel on water; to pass by water.  We sailed from London to Canton.
3.  To swim.
Little dolphins, when they sail in the vast shadow of the British whale.
4.  To set sail; to begin a voyage.  We sailed from New York for Havre, June 15, 1824.  We sailed from Cowes for New York, May 10, 1825.
5.  To be carried in the air, as a balloon.
6.  To pass smoothly along.
As is a wing'd messenger from heaven, when he bestrides the lazy pacing clouds, and sails upon the bosom of the air.
7.  To fly without striking with the wings.
SAIL, v.t.  
1.  To pass or move upon in a ship, by means of sails.
A thousand ships were mann'd to sail the sea.
[This use is elliptical, on or over being omitted.]
2.  To fly through
Sublime she sails th' aerial space, and mounts the winged gales.


Topic: Sail-maker
Definition:
SA'IL-MAKER, n.
1.  One whose occupation is to make sails.
2.  An officer on board ships of war, whose business is to repair or alter sails.  


Topic: Sailer
Definition:
SA'ILER, n.  
1.  One that sails; a seaman; usually sailor.
2.  A ship or other vessel, with reference to her manner of sailing.  Thus we say, a heavy sailer; a fast sailer; a prime sailer.


Topic: Sailing
Definition:
SA'ILING, ppr.  Moving on water or in air; passing in a ship or other vessel.
SA'ILING, n.
1.  The act of moving on water; or the movement of a ship or vessel impelled or wafted along the surface of water by the action of wind on her sails.
2.  Movement through the air, as in a balloon.
3.  The act of setting sail or beginning a voyage.


Topic: Sailor
Definition:
SA'ILOR, n.  [a more common spelling than sailer.]
A mariner; a seaman; one who follows the business of navigating ships or other vessels, or one who understands the management of ships in navigation.  The word however does not by itself express any particular skill in navigation.  It denotes any person who follows the seas, and is chiefly or wholly applied to the common hands.  [See Seaman.]


Topic: Sainted
Definition:
SA'INTED, pp.
1.  Canonized; enrolled among the saints.
2.  a.  Holy; pious; as, thy father was a most sainted king.
3.  Sacred; as the gods on sainted hills.


Topic: Saintlike
Definition:
SA'INTLIKE, a.  [saint and like.]  
1.  Resembling a saint; as a saintlike prince.
2.  Suiting a saint; becoming a saint.
Gloss'd over only with a saintlike show.


Topic: Sajene
Definition:
SAJE'NE, n.  [written also sagene.  Tooke writes it sajene.]
A Russian measure of length, equal to seven feet English measure.


Topic: Sake
Definition:
SAKE, n.  [Heb. to press or oppress.  The primary sense is to strain, urge, press or drive forward, and this is from the same root as seek, essay and L. sequor, whence we have pursue and prosecute.  We have analogous words in cause, thing, and the L. res.]
1.  Final cause; end; purpose; or rather the purpose of obtaining.  I open a window for the sake of air, that is, to obtain it, for the purpose of obtaining air.  I read for the sake of instruction, that is, to obtain it.  Sake then signifies primarily effort to obtain, and secondarily purpose of obtaining.  The hero fights for the sake of glory; men labor for the sake of subsistence or wealth.
2.  Account; regard to any person or thing. 
I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake.  Gen. 8.
Save me for thy mercies' sake.  Ps. 6.


Topic: Salacious
Definition:
SALA'CIOUS, a.  [L. salax, from the root of sal, salt; the primary sense of which is shooting, penetrating, pungent, coinciding probably with L. salio, to leap.  Salacious then is highly excited, or prompt to leap.]  Lustful; lecherous.


Topic: Salad
Definition:
SAL'AD, n.
Raw herbs, usually dressed with salt, vinegar, oil or spices, and eaten for giving a relish to other food.
Leaves eaten raw, are termed salad.


Topic: Salam
Definition:
SALAM', n.  [Oriental, peace or safety.]  A salutation or compliment of ceremony or respect.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Salamander
Definition:
SAL'AMANDER, n.  [L. Gr. salamandra.]  An animal of the genus Lacerta or Lizard, one of the smaller species of the genus, not being more than six or seven inches in length.  It has a short cylindrical tail, four toes on the four feet, and a naked body.  The skin is furnished with small excrescences like teats, which are full of holes from which oozes a milky liquor that spreads over the skin, forming a kind of transparent varnish.  The eyes are placed in the upper part of the head.  The color is dark, with a bluish cast on the belly, intermixed with irregular yellow spots.  This animal is oviparous, inhabits cold damp places among trees or hedges, avoiding the heat of the sun.  The vulgar story of its being able to endure fire, is a mistake.
Salamander's hair or wool, a name given to a species of asbestos or mineral flax;  I believe no long used.


Topic: Salamandrine
Definition:
SALAMAN'DRINE, a.  Pertaining to or resembling a salamander; enduring fire.
Sal ammoniac, muriate of ammonia.  The native sal ammoniac is of two kinds, volcanic and conchoidal.


Topic: Salary
Definition:
SAL'ARY, n.  [L. salarium; said to be from sal, salt, which was part of the pay of Roman soldiers.]
The recompense or consideration stipulated to be paid to a person for services, usually a fixed sum to be paid by the year, as to governors, magistrates, settled clergymen, instructors of seminaries, or other officers, civil or ecclesiastical.  When wages are stated or stipulated by the month, week or day, we do not call the compensation salary, but pay or wages; as in the case of military men and laborers.


Topic: Sale
Definition:
SALE, n.  [The primary sense of sell, is simply to deliver or cause to pass from one person to another.]
1.  The act of selling; the exchange of a commodity for money of equivalent value.  The exchange of one commodity for another is barter or permutation, and sale differs from barter only in the nature of the equivalent given.
2.  Vent; power of selling; market.  He went to market, but found no sale for his goods.
3.  Auction; public sale to the highest bidder, or exposure of goods in market.  [Little used.]
4.  State of being venal, or of being offered to bribery; as, to set the liberty of a state to sale.
5.  A wicker basket.
SALE, a.  Sold; bought; as opposed to homemade.  [Colloquial.]


Topic: Salebrous
Definition:
SAL'EBROUS, a.  [L. salebrosus, from salebra, a rough place; probably allied to salio, to shoot out.]  Rough; rugged; uneven.  [Little used.]


Topic: Salep
Definition:
SAL'EP, n.  [said to be a Turkish word; written also salop, saloop and saleb.]
In the materia medica, the dried root of a species of orchis; also, a preparation of this root to be used as food.


Topic: Salework
Definition:
SA'LEWORK, n.  Work or things made for sale; hence, work carelessly done.  This last sense is a satire on man.


Topic: Salic
Definition:
SAL'IC, a.  [The origin of this word is not ascertained.]
The Salic law of France is a fundamental law, by virtue of which males only can inherit the throne.


Topic: Salient
Definition:
SA'LIENT, a.  [L. saliens, salio, to leap.]
1.  Leaping; an epithet in heraldry applied to a lion or other beast, represented in a leaping posture, with his right foot in the dexter point, and his hinder left foot in the sinister base of the escutcheon, by which it is distinguished from rampant.
2.  In fortification, projecting; as a salient angle.  A salient angle points outward, and is opposed to a re-entering angle, which points inward.
SA'LIENT, a.  [L. saliens, from salio, to leap or shoot out.]
1.  Leaping; moving by leaps; as frogs.
2.  Beating; throbbing; as the heart.
3.  Shooting out or up; springing; darting; as a salient sprout.


Topic: Saliferous
Definition:
SALIF'EROUS, a.  [L. sal, salt, and fero, to produce.]
Producing or bearing salt; as saliferous rock.


Topic: Salifiable
Definition:
SAL'IFIABLE, a.  [from salify.]  Capable of becoming a salt, or of combining with an acid to form a neutral salt.  Salifiable bases are alkalies, earths and metallic oxyds.


Topic: Salify
Definition:
SAL'IFY, v.t.  [L. sal, salt, and facio, to make.]
To form into a neutral salt, by combining an acid with an alkali, earth or metal.


Topic: Salino-terrene
Definition:
SALINO-TERRENE, a.  [L. sal, salinum, and terrenus, from terra, earth.]  Denoting a compound of salt and earth.


Topic: Salinous
Definition:
SALI'NOUS, a.  [L. sal, salt.]  
1.  Consisting of salt or constituting salt; as saline particles; saline substances.
2.  Partaking of the qualities of salt; as a saline taste.


Topic: Salite
Definition:
SAL'ITE, v.t.  [L. salio, from sal, salt.]  To salt; to impregnate or season with salt.  [Little used.]


Topic: Salivate
Definition:
SAL'IVATE, v.t.  [from saliva.]
To excite an unusual secretion and discharge of saliva in a person, usually by mercury; to produce ptyalism in a person.  Physicians salivate their patients in diseases of the glands, of the liver, in the venereal disease, in yellow fever, &c.


Topic: Salivation
Definition:
SALIVA'TION, n.  The act or process of promoting ptyalism, or of producing an increased secretion of saliva, for the cure of disease.


Topic: Salive
Definition:
SAL'IVE, n.  [L. saliva.]
The fluid which is secreted by the salivary glands, and which serves to moisten the mouth and tongue.  It moistens our food also, and by being mixed with it in mastication, promotes digestion.  When discharged from the mouth, it is called spittle.


Topic: Sallow
Definition:
SAL'LOW, n.  [L. salix.]  A tree of the willow kind, or genus Salix.
SAL'LOW, a.  [L. salix, the tree, supra.]
Having a yellowish color; of a pale sickly color, tinged with a dark yellow; as a sallow skin.


Topic: Sallowness
Definition:
SAL'LOWNESS, n.  A yellowish color; paleness tinged with a dark yellow; as sallowness of complexion.


Topic: Sally
Definition:
SAL'LY, n.  [See the Verb.]  In a general sense, a spring; a darting or shooting.  Hence,
1.  An issue or rushing of troops from a besieged place to attack the besiegers.
2.  A spring or darting of intellect, fancy or imagination; flight; sprightly exertion.  We say, sallies of wit, sallies of imagination.
3.  Excursion from the usual track; range.
He who often makes sallies into a country, and traverses it up and down, will know it better than one that goes always round in the same track.
4.  Act of levity or extravagance; wild gaiety; frolic; a bounding or darting beyond ordinary rules; as a sally of youth; a sally of levity.
SAL'LY, v.i.  [L. salio.  Gr. to impel, to shoot.  See Solar, from L. sol.  Gr.]
1.  To issue or rush out, as a body of troops from a fortified place to attack besiegers.
They break the truce, and sally out by night.
2.  To issue suddenly; to make a sudden eruption.


Topic: Sally-port
Definition:
SAL'LY-PORT, n.  
1.  In fortification, a postern gate, or a passage under ground from the inner to the outer works, such as from the higher flank to the lower, or to the tenailles, or to the communication from the middle of the curtain to the ravelin.
2.  A large port on each quarter of a fireship for the escape of the men into boats when the train is fired.


Topic: Salmagundi
Definition:
SALMAGUN'DI, n.  [See salpicon.]
A mixture of chopped meat and pickled herring with oil, vinegar, pepper and onions.
Salmiac, a contraction of sal ammoniac.


Topic: Salmon
Definition:
SALMON, n.  sam'mon.  [L. salmo.]
A fish of the genus Salmo, found in all the northern climates of America, Europe and Asia, ascending the rivers for spawning in spring, and penetrating to their head streams.  It is a remarkably strong fish, and will even leap over considerable falls which lie in the way of its progress.  It has been known to grow to the weight of 75 pounds; more generally it is from 15 to 25 pounds.  It furnishes a delicious dish for the table, and is an article of commerce.


Topic: Saloon
Definition:
SALOON', n.  [See Hall.]
In architecture, a lofty spacious hall, vaulted at the top, and usually comprehending two stories with two ranges of windows.  It is a magnificent room in the middle of a building, or at the head of a gallery, &c.  It is a state room much used in palaces in Italy for the reception of embassadors and other visitors.


Topic: Salpicon
Definition:
SAL'PICON, n.
Stuffing; farce; chopped meat or bread, &c.  used to stuff legs of veal; called also salmagundi.  [I believe not used.]


Topic: Salsoacid
Definition:
SALSOAC'ID, a.  [L. salsus, salt, and acidus, acid.]
Having a taste compounded of saltness and acidness.  [Little used.]


Topic: Salt
Definition:
SALT, n.  [Gr.; L.  The radical sense is probably pungent, and if s is radical, the word belongs to the root of L. salio; but this is uncertain.]
1.  Common salt is the muriate of soda, a substance used for seasoning certain kinds of food, and for the preservation of meat, &c.  It is found native in the earth, or it is produced by evaporation and crystallization from water impregnated with saline particles.
2.  In chimistry, a body compounded of an acid united to some base, which may be either an alkali, an earth, or a metallic oxyd.  Accordingly, salts are alkaline, earthy, or metallic.  Many compounds of this kind, of which common salt, (muriate of soda,) is the most distinguished, exist in nature; but most of these, together with many others not known in nature, have been formed by the artificial combination of their elements.  Their entire number exceeds 2000.  When the acid and base mutually saturate each other, so that the individual properties of each are lost, the compound is a neutral salt; when the acid predominates, it is a super salt; and when the base predominates, it is a sub salt.  Thus we have a subcarbonate, a carbonate, and a supercarbonate of potash.
3.  Taste; sapor; smack.
We have some salt of our youth in us.
4.  Wit; poignancy; as Attic salt.
SALT, a.  
1.  Having the taste of salt;impregnated with salt; as salt beef; salt water
2.  Abounding with salt; as a salt land.  Jer. 17.
3.  Overflowed with salt water, or impregnated with it; as a salt marsh.
4.  Growing on salt marsh or meadows and having the taste of salt; as salt grass or hay.
5.  Producing salt water; as a salt spring.
6.  Lecherous; slacious.
SALT, n.  
1.  The part of a river near the sea, where the water is salt.
2.  A vessel for holding salt.
SALT,  v.t.
1.  To sprinkle, impregnate or season with salt; as, to salt fish, beef or pork.
2.  To fill with salt between the timbers and planks, as a ship, for the preservation of the timber.
SALT, v.i.  To deposit salt from a saline substance; as, the brine begins to salt.  [Used by manufacturers.]
SALT, n.  A leap; the act of jumping.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Saltation
Definition:
SALTA'TION, n.  [L. saltatio, from salto, to leap.]
1.  A leaping or jumping.
2.  Beating or palpitation; as the saltation of the great artery.


Topic: Saltier
Definition:
SALT'IER, n.  [L. salto, to leap.]
In heraldry, one of the honorable ordinaries, in the form of St. Andrew's cross.


Topic: Salting
Definition:
SALT'ING, ppr.  Sprinkling, seasoning or impregnating with salt.
SALT'ING, n.  The act of sprinkling or impregnating with salt.


Topic: Saltness
Definition:
SALT'NESS, n.
1.  The quality of being impregnated with salt; as the saltness of sea water or of provisions.
2.  Taste of salt.


Topic: Saltpeter
Definition:
SALTPE'TER,'TRE, n.  [salt and Gr. stone.]  A neutral salt formed by the nitric acid in combination with potash, and hence denominated nitrate of potash.  It is found native in the East Indies, in Spain, in Naples and other places.  It is also found on walls sheltered from rain, and it is extracted by lixiviation from the earths under cellars, stables and barns, &c.


Topic: Saltpetrous
Definition:
SALTPE'TROUS, a.  Pertaining to saltpeter, or partaking of its qualities; impregnated with saltpeter.


Topic: Salubrious
Definition:
SALU'BRIOUS, a.  [L. saluber, salubris, from salus.  See safe.]
Favorable to health; healthful; promoting health; as salubrious air or water; a salubrious climate.


Topic: Salubrity
Definition:
SALU'BRITY, n.  [L. salubritas.]  Wholesomeness; healthfulness; favorableness to the preservation of health; as the salubrity of aid, of a country or climate.


Topic: Salutariness
Definition:
SAL'UTARINESS, n.  [See Salutary.]
1.  Wholesomeness; the quality of contributing to health or safety.
2.  The quality of promoting good or prosperity


Topic: Salutary
Definition:
SAL'UTARY, a.  [L. salutaris, from salus, health.]
1.  Wholesome; healthful; promoting health.  Diet and exercise are salutary to men of sedentary habits.
2.  Promotive of public safety; contributing to some beneficial purpose.  The strict discipline of youth has a salutary effect on society.


Topic: Salutation
Definition:
SALUTA'TION, n.  [L. salutatio.  See Salute.]
The act of saluting; a greeting; the act of paying respect or reverence by the customary words or actions; as in inquiring of persons their welfare, expressing to them kind wishes, bowing, &c.  Luke 1.  Mark 12.
In all public meetings and private addresses, use the forms of salutation, reverence and decency usual among the most sober people.


Topic: Salute
Definition:
SALU'TE, v.t.  [L. saluto; salus or salvus.]
1.  To greet; to hail; to address with expressions of kind wishes.
If ye salute your brethren only, what do ye more than others?  Matt 5.
2.  To please; to gratify.  [Unusual.]
3.  To kiss.
4.  In military and naval affairs, to honor some person or nation by a discharge of cannon or small arms, by striking colors, by shouts, &c.
SALU'TE, n.
1.  The act of expressing kind wishes or respect; salutation; greeting.
2.  A kiss.
3.  In military affairs, a discharge of cannon or small arms in honor of some distinguished personage.  A salute is sometimes performed by lowering the colors or beating the drums.  The officers also salute each other by bowing their half pikes.
4.  In the navy, a testimony of respect or deference rendered by the ships of one nation to the ships of another, or by ships of the same nation to a superior or equal.  This is performed by a discharge of cannon, volleys of small arms, striking the colors or top-sails, or by shouts of the seamen mounted on the masts or rigging.  When two squadrons meet, the two chiefs only are to exchange salutes.


Topic: Salutiferous
Definition:
SALUTIF'EROUS, a.  [L. salutifer; salus, health, and fero, to bring.]  Bringing health; healthy; as salutiferous air.


Topic: Salvable
Definition:
SALV'ABLE, a.  [L. salvus, safe; salvo, to save.]
That may be saved, or received to everlasting happiness.


Topic: Salvage
Definition:
SALV'AGE, n.  [L. salvus, salvo.]
In commerce, a reward or recompense allowed by law for the saving of a ship, or goods from loss at sea, either by shipwreck or other means, or by enemies or pirates.
SALV'AGE,  for savage, not used.  [See Savage.]


Topic: Salvation
Definition:
SALVA'TION, n.  [L. salvo, to save.]
1.  The act of saving; preservation from destruction, danger or great calamity.
2.  Appropriately in theology, the redemption of man from the bondage of sin and liability to eternal death, and the conferring on him everlasting happiness.  This is the great salvation.
Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation.  2Cor. 7.
3.  Deliverance from enemies; victory.  Ex. 14.
4.  Remission of sins, or saving graces.  Luke 19.
5.  The author of man's salvation.  Ps. 27.
6.  A term of praise or benediction.  Rev. 19.


Topic: Salve
Definition:
SALVE, n. sav.  [L. salvus.]
1.  A glutinous composition or substance to be applied to wounds or sores; when spread on leather or cloth, it is called a plaster.
2.  Help; remedy.
SALVE, v.t.  sav.  
1.  To heal by applications or medicaments.  [little used.]
2.  To help; to remedy.  [Little used.]
3.  To help or remedy by a salvo, excuse or reservation.  [Little used.]
4.  To salute.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Salvific
Definition:
SALVIF'IC, a.  [L. salvus and facio.]  Tending to save or secure safety.  [A bad word and not used.]


Topic: Salvo
Definition:
SAL'VO, n.  [from the L. salvo jure, an expression used in reserving rights.]  An exception; a reservation; an excuse.
They admit many salvos, cautions and reservations.


Topic: Samaritan
Definition:
SAMAR'ITAN, a.
1.  Pertaining to Samaria, the principal city of the ten tribes of Israel, belonging to the tribe of Ephraim, and after the captivity of those tribes, repeopled by Cuthites from Assyria or Chaldea.
2.  Denoting the ancient characters and alphabet used by the Hebrews.
SAMAR'ITAN, n.
1.  An inhabitant of Samaria, or one that belonged to the sect which derived their appellation from that city.  The Jews had no dealings with the Samaritans.
2.  The language of Samaria, a dialect of the Chaldean.


Topic: Same
Definition:
SAME, a.  [L. simul, together.  Gr.  Shall we suppose then that s has passed into an aspirate in this word, as in salt, Gr. or has the Greek word lost s?  The word same may be the L. idem or dem, dialectically varied.  The primary sense is to set, to place, to put together.]
1.  Identical; not different or other.
Thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end.  
Ps. 102.
The Lord Jesus, the same night in which he was betrayed, took bread.  1Cor. 11.
2.  Of the identical kind or species, though not the specific thing.  We say, the horse of one country is the same animal as the horse of another country.  The same plants and fruits are produced in the same latitudes.  We see in men in all countries, the same passions and the same vices.
Th' etherial vigor is in all the same.
3.  That was mentioned before.
Do but think how well the same he spends, who spends his blood his country to relieve.
4.  Equal; exactly similar.  One ship will not run the same distance as another in the same time, and with the same wind.  Two balls of the same size have not always the same weight.  Two instruments will not always make the same sound.
SAME, adv.  Together.  Obs.


Topic: Sameness
Definition:
SA'MENESS, n.
1.  Identity; the state of being not different or other; as the sameness of an unchangeable being.
2.  Near resemblance; correspondence; similarity; as a sameness of manner; a sameness of sound; the sameness of objects in a landscape.
Samian earth.  [Gr. the isle.]  The name of a marl of two species, used in medicine as an astringent.


Topic: Samp
Definition:
SAMP, n.  A species of food composed of maize broken or bruised, boiled and mixed with milk; a dish borrowed from the natives of America, but not much used.


Topic: Samphire
Definition:
SAM'PHIRE, n.  [said to be a corruption of Saint Pierre.]
A plant of the genus Crithmum.  The golden samphire is of the genus Inula.
Samphire grows on rocks near the sea shore, where it is washed by the salt water.  It is used for pickling.


Topic: Sample
Definition:
SAM'PLE, n.  [L. exemplum.]
1.  A specimen; a part of any thing presented for inspection or intended to be shown, as evidence of the quality of the whole; as a sample of cloth or of wheat.  Goods are often purchased in market by samples.
I design this as a sample of what I hope more fully to discuss.
2.  Example; instance.
SAM'PLE, v.t.  To show something similar.


Topic: Sampler
Definition:
SAM'PLER, n.  [L. exemplar, supra.]  A pattern of work; a specimen; particularly, a piece of needle work by young girls for improvement.


Topic: Samsons-post
Definition:
SAM'SON'S-POST, n.  In ships, a notched post used instead of a ladder; also, a piece of timber that forms a return for a tackle fall.


Topic: Sanable
Definition:
SAN'ABLE, a.  [L. sanabilis, from sano, to heal; sanus, sound.  See Sound.]
That may be healed or cured; susceptible of remedy.


Topic: Sanctification
Definition:
SANCTIFICA'TION, n.  [See Sanctify.]
1.  The act of making holy.  In an evangelical sense, the act of God's grace by which the affections of men are purified or alienated from sin and the world, and exalted to a supreme love to God.
God hath from the beginning chosen you to  salvation, through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth.  2Thess. 2.  1Peter 1.
2.  The act of consecrating or of setting apart for a sacred purpose; consecration.


Topic: Sanctifier
Definition:
SANC'TIFIER, n.  He that sanctifies or makes holy.  In theology, the Holy Spirit is, by way of eminence, denominated the Sanctifier.


Topic: Sanctify
Definition:
SANC'TIFY, v.t.  [Low L. sanctifico; from sanctus, holy, and facio, to make.]
1.  In a general sense, to cleanse, purify or make holy.
2.  To separate, set apart or appoint to a holy, sacred or religious use.
God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it.  Gen. 2.
So under the Jewish dispensation, to sanctify the altar, the temple, the priests, &c.
3.  To purify; to prepare for divine service, and for partaking of holy things.  Ex. 19.
4.  To separate, ordain and appoint to the work of redemption and the government of the church.  John 10.
5.  To cleanse from corruption; to purify from sin; to make holy be detaching the affections from the world and its defilements, and exalting them to a supreme love to God.
Sanctify them through thy truth; thy word is truth.  
John 17.  Eph. 5.
6.  To make the means of holiness; to render productive of holiness or piety.
Those judgments of God are the more welcome, as a means which his mercy hath sanctified so to me, as to make me repent of that unjust act.
7.  To make free from guilt.
That holy man amaz'd at what he saw, made haste to sanctify the bliss by law.
8.  To secure from violation.
Truth guards the poet, sanctifies the line.
To sanctify God, to praise and celebrate him as a holy being; to acknowledge and honor his holy majesty, and to reverence his character and laws.  Is. 8.
God sanctifies himself or his name, by vindicating his honor from the reproaches of the wicked, and manifesting his glory.  Ezek. 36.


Topic: Sanctifying
Definition:
SANC'TIFYING, ppr.  
1.  Making holy; purifying from the defilements of sin; separating to a holy use.
2.  a.  Tending to sanctify; adapted to increase holiness.


Topic: Sanctimonious
Definition:
SANCTIMO'NIOUS, a.  [L. sanctimonia, from sanctus, holy.]
Saintly; having the appearance of sanctity; as a sanctimonious pretense.


Topic: Sanctimoniousness
Definition:
SANCTIMO'NIOUSNESS, n.  State of being sanctimonious; sanctity, or the appearance of it.  [little used.]


Topic: Sanctimony
Definition:
SANC'TIMONY, n.  [L. sanctimonia.]  Holiness; devoutness; scrupulous austerity; sanctity, or the appearance of it.  [Little used.]


Topic: Sanction
Definition:
SANC'TION, n.  [L. sanctio, from sanctus, holy, solemn, established.]
1.  Ratification; an official act of a superior by which he ratifies and gives validity to the act of some other person or body.  A treaty is not valid without the sanction of the president and senate.
2.  Authority; confirmation derived from testimony, character, influence or custom.
The strictest professors of reason have added the sanction of their testimony.
3.  A law or decree.  [Improper.]
SANC'TION, v.t.  To ratify; to confirm; to give validity or authority to.


Topic: Sanctity
Definition:
SANC'TITY, n.  [L. sanctitas.]
1.  Holiness; state of being sacred or holy.  God attributes no sanctity to place.
2.  Goodness; purity; godliness; as the sanctity of love; sanctity of manners.
3.  Sacredness; solemnity; as the sanctity of an oath.
4.  A saint or holy being.
About him all the sanctities of heav'n -  [Unusual.]


Topic: Sanctuarize
Definition:
SANC'TUARIZE, v.t.  [from sanctuary.]  To shelter by means of a sanctuary or sacred privileges.  [A bad word and not used.]


Topic: Sanctuary
Definition:
SANC'TUARY, n.  [L. sanctuarium, from sanctus, sacred.]
1.  A sacred place; particularly among the Israelites, the most retired part of the temple at Jerusalem, called the Holy of Holies, in which was kept the ark of the covenant, and into which no person was permitted to enter except the high priest, and that only once a year to intercede for the people.  The same name was given to the most sacred part of the tabernacle.  Lev. 4.  
Heb. 9.
2.  The temple at Jerusalem.  2Chron. 20.
3.  A house consecrated to the worship of God; a place where divine service is performed.  Ps. 73.
Hence sanctuary is used for a church.
4.  In catholic churches, that part of a church where the altar is placed, encompassed with a balustrade.
5.  A place of protection; a sacred asylum.  Hence a sanctuary-man is one that resorts to a sanctuary for protection.
6.  Shelter; protection.
Some relics of painting took sanctuary under ground.


Topic: Sand
Definition:
SAND, n.
1.  Any mass or collection of fine particles of stone, particularly of fine particles of silicious stone, but not strictly reduced to powder or dust.
That finer matter called sand, is no other than very small pebbles.
2.  Sands, in the plural, tracts of land consisting of sand, like the deserts of Arabia and Africa; as the Lybian sands.
SAND, v.t.  
1.  To sprinkle with sand.  It is customary among the common people in America, to sand their floors with white sand.
2.  To drive upon the sand.


Topic: Sandal
Definition:
SAN'DAL, n.  [L. sandalium;  Gr.]
1.  A kind of shoe, consisting of a sole fastened to the foot.  The Greek and Roman ladies wore sandals made of a rich stuff, ornamented with gold or silver.
2.  A shoe or slipper worn by the pope and other Romish prelates when they officiate.  A like sandal is worn by several congregations of monks.
SAN'DAL,


Topic: Sanded
Definition:
SAND'ED, pp.
1.  Sprinkled with sand; as a sanded floor.
2.  a. Covered with sand; barren.
3.  Marked with small spots; variegated with spots; speckled; of a sandy color, as a hound.
4.  Short sighted.


Topic: Sanders
Definition:
SAN'DERS, n.
A kind of wood which grows in the East Indies and on some of the isles of the Pacific.  It is of three kinds, the white, the yellow, and the red.  The tree which produces the two former is of the genus Santalum.  It grows to the size of a walnut tree.  Its wood has a bitter taste and an aromatic smell.  The oriental nations burn it in their houses for the sake of its fragrant odor, and with the powder of it a paste is prepared, with which they anoint their bodies.  The white and the yellow sandal-wood are different parts of the same tree; the white is the wood next to the bark; the yellow is the inner part of the tree.  The red sandal-wood is obtained from a different tree, the Pierocarpus santolinus.  It is of a dull red color, has little taste or smell, and is principally used as a coloring drug.


Topic: Sandiver
Definition:
SAN'DIVER, n.
Glass-gall; a whitish salt which is cast up from the materials of glass in fusion, and floating on the top, is skimmed off.  A similar substance is thrown out in eruptions of volcanoes.  It is used by gilders of iron, and in the fusion of certain ores.  It is said to be good for cleansing the skin, and taken internally, is detergent.


Topic: Sandstone
Definition:
SAND'STONE, n.  [sand and stone.]  Sandstone is, in most cases, composed chiefly of grains of quartz united by a cement, calcarious, marly, argillaceous, or even silicious.  The texture of some kinds is loose, of others close; the fracture is granular or earthy.
Sandstones usually consist of the materials of older rocks, as granite, broken up and comminuted, and afterwards deposited again.


Topic: Sandy
Definition:
SAND'Y, a.  
1.  Abounding with sand; full of sand; covered or sprinkled with sand; as a sandy desert or plain; a sandy road or soil.
2.  Consisting of sand; not firm or solid; as a sandy foundation.
3.  Of the color of sand; of a yellowish red color; as sandy hair.


Topic: Sane
Definition:
SANE, a.  [L. sanus, Eng. sound.  This is the Eng. sound.  See sound.]
1.  Sound; not disordered or shattered; healthy; as a sane body.
2.  Sound; not disordered; having the regular exercise of reason and other faculties of the mind; as a sane person; a person of a sane mind.


Topic: Sanguiferous
Definition:
SANGUIF'EROUS, a.  [L. sanguifer; sanguis, blood, and fero, to carry.]
Conveying blood.  The sanguiferous vessels are the arteries and veins.


Topic: Sanguification
Definition:
SANGUIFICA'TION, n.  [L. sanguis, blood, and facio, to make.]
In the animal economy, the production of blood; the conversion of chyle into blood.


Topic: Sanguin
Definition:
SAN'GUIN, a.  [L. sanguineus, from sanguis, blood.]
1.  Red; having the color of blood; as a sanguine color or countenance.
2.  Abounding with blood; plethoric; as a sanguine habit of body.
3.  Warm; ardent; as a sanguine temper.
4.  Confident.  He is sanguine in his expectations of success.


Topic: Sanguinary
Definition:
SAN'GUINARY, a.  [L. sanguinarius, from sanguis, blood.]
1.  Bloody; attended with much bloodshed; murderous; as a sanguinary war, contest or battle.
2.  Blood thirsty; cruel; eager to shed blood.
Passion - makes us brutal and sanguinary.
SAN'GUINARY, n.  A plant.


Topic: Sanguineness
Definition:
SAN'GUINENESS, n.  
1.  Redness; color of blood in the skin; as sanguineness of countenance.
2.  Fullness of blood; plethory; as sanguineness of habit.
3.  Ardor; heat of temper; confidence.


Topic: Sanguisuge
Definition:
SAN'GUISUGE, n.  [L. sanguisuga; sanguis, blood, and sugo, to suck.]
The blood-sucker; a leech, or horse leech.


Topic: Sanhedrim
Definition:
SAN'HEDRIM, n. [Low L. synedrium; Gr. with, together and seat.]
The great council of seventy elders among the Jews, whose jurisdiction extended to all important affairs.  They received appeals from inferior tribunals, and had power of life and death.


Topic: Sanicle
Definition:
SAN'ICLE, n.  [from L. sano, to heal.]  Self-heal, a plant or genus of plants, the Sanicula; also, a plant of the genus Saxifraga.  The American bastard sanicle is of the genus Mitella, and the bear's ear sanicle of the genus Cortusa.


Topic: Sanies
Definition:
SA'NIES, n.  [L.]  A thin acrid discharge from wounds or sores; a serous matter, less thick and white than pus.


Topic: Sanious
Definition:
SA'NIOUS, a.  [from sanies.]  
1.  Pertaining to sanies, or partaking of its nature and appearance; thin; serous; as the sanious matter of an ulcer.
2.  Running a thin serous matter; as a sanious ulcer.


Topic: Sanity
Definition:
SAN'ITY, n.  [L. sanitas.  See Sane.]  Soundness; particularly, a sound state of mind; the state of a mind in the perfect exercise of reason.


Topic: Sanscrit
Definition:
SAN'SCRIT, n.  
The ancient language of Hindoostan, from which are formed all the modern languages or dialects of the great peninsula of India.  It is the language of the Bramins, and in this are written the ancient books of the country; but it is now obsolete.  It is from the same stock as the ancient Persic, Greek and Latin, and all the present languages of Europe.


Topic: Sap
Definition:
SAP, n.
1.  The juice of plants of any kind, which flows chiefly between the wood and the bark.  From the sap of a species of maple, is made sugar of a good quality by evaporation.
2.  The alburnum of a tree; the exterior part of the wood, next to the bark.  [A sense in general use in New England.]
SAP, v.t.
1.  To undermine; to subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine.
Their dwellings were sapp'd by floods.
2.  To undermine; to subvert by removing the foundation of.  Discontent saps the foundation of happiness.  Intrigue and corruption sap the constitution of a free government.
SAP, v.i.  To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining.
Both assaults are carried on by sapping.
SAP, n.  In sieges, a trench for undermining; or an approach made to a fortified place by digging or under cover.  The single sap has only a single parapet; the double has one on each side, and the flying is made with gabions, &c.  In all saps, traverses are left to cover the men.


Topic: Sapajo
Definition:
SAP'AJO, n.  The sapajos form a division of the genus Simia, including such of the monkeys of America as have prehensile tails.


Topic: Sapid
Definition:
SAP'ID, a.  [L. sapidus, from sapio, to taste.]
Tasteful; tastable; having the power of affecting the organs of taste; as sapid water.


Topic: Sapience
Definition:
SA'PIENCE, n.  [L. sapientia, from sapio, to taste, to know.]
Wisdom; sageness; knowledge.
- Still has gratitude and sapience to spare the folks that give him ha' pence.


Topic: Sapless
Definition:
SAP'LESS, a.  [from sap.] 
1.  Destitute of sap; as a sapless tree or branch.
2.  Dry; old; husky; as a sapless usurer.


Topic: Saponaceous
Definition:
SAPONA'CEOUS, a.  [from L. sapo, soap.]  Soapy; resembling soap; having the qualities of soap.  Saponaceous bodies are often formed by oil and alkali.


Topic: Saponify
Definition:
SAPON'IFY, v.t.  [L. sapo, soap, and facio, to make.]
To convert into soap by combination with an alkali.


Topic: Sapor
Definition:
SA'POR, n.  [L.]  Taste; savor; relish; the power of affecting the organs of taste.
There is some sapor in all aliments.


Topic: Sapper
Definition:
SAP'PER, n.  One who saps.  In an army, sappers and miners are employed in working at saps, to protect soldiers in their approach to a besieged place, or to undermine the works.


Topic: Sapphic
Definition:
SAPPHIC, a. saf'ic.  Pertaining to Sappho, a Grecian poetess; as sapphic odes; Sapphic verse.  The Sapphic verse consists of eleven syllables in five feet, of which the first, fourth and fifth are trochees, the second a spondee, and the third a dactyl, in the first three lines of each stanza, with a fourth consisting only of a dactyl and a spondee.


Topic: Sapphire
Definition:
SAP'PHIRE, n.  [L. sapphirus; Gr. to scrape, to shine, to be fair, open, beautiful.]
A species of silicious gems or minerals, of several varieties.  In hardness it is inferior to the diamond only.  Its colors are blue, red, violet, yellow, green, white, or limpid, and one variety is chatoyant, and another asteriated or radiated.
Sapphire is a subspecies of rhomboidal corundum.
The oriental ruby and topaz are sapphires.
Sapphire is employed in jewelry and the arts.


Topic: Sappy
Definition:
SAP'PY, a. 
1.  Abounding with sap; juicy; succulent.
2.  Young; not firm; weak.
When he had passed this weak and sappy age -
3.  Weak in intellect.
SAP'PY, a.  [Gr. to putrefy.]  Musty; tainted.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Saracenic
Definition:
SARACEN'IC, a.  
1.  Pertaining to the Saracens, inhabitants of Arabia; so called from sara, a desert.
2.  Denoting the architecture of the Saracens, the modern Gothic.


Topic: Sarcocele
Definition:
S'ARCOCELE, n.  [Gr. flesh, and tumor.]
A spurious rupture or hernia, in which the testicle is swelled or indurated, like a scirrhus, or enlarged by a fleshy excrescence much beyond its natural size.


Topic: Sarcolite
Definition:
S'ARCOLITE, n.  [flesh-stone.]  A substance of a vitreous nature, and of a rose flesh color, found near Vesuvius.  The French call it hydrolite, water stone.
Sarcolite is a variety of analcime.


Topic: Sarcology
Definition:
SARCOL'OGY, n.  [Gr. flesh, and discourse.]
That part of anatomy which treats of the soft parts of the body, as the muscles, fat, intestines, vessels, &c.


Topic: Sarcophagus
Definition:
SARCOPH'AGUS, n.  [L. from Gr. flesh and to eat.]
1.  A species of stone used among the Greeks in their sculptures, which was so called because it consumed the flesh of bodies deposited in it within a few weeks.  It is otherwise called lapis Assius, and said to be found at Assos, a city of Lycia Hence,
2.  A stone coffin or grave in which the ancients deposited bodies which they chose not to burn.


Topic: Sarcotic
Definition:
SARCOT'IC, a.  [Gr. flesh.]  In surgery, producing or generating flesh.
SARCOT'IC, n.  A medicine or application which promotes the growth of flesh; an incarnative.


Topic: Sardoin
Definition:
S'ARDOIN, n.  A mineral, a variety of carnelian, which displays on its surface a rich reddish brown, but when held between the eye and the light, appears of a deep blood red.


Topic: Sardonyx
Definition:
S'ARDONYX, n.  [L. sardonyches, from Gr. from Sardis, a city of Asia Minor, and a nail; so named, according to Pliny, from the resemblance of its color to the flesh under the nail.]
A silicious stone or gem, nearly allied to carnelian.  Its color is a reddish yellow, or nearly orange.  We are informed that the yellow or orange colored agate, with an undulating surface, is now often called sardonyx.


Topic: Sargus
Definition:
S'ARGUS, n.  A fish of the Mediterranean, whose body is variegated with brown transverse rings, resembling the variegations of the perch.  This is also a name of the gardon.


Topic: Sarmentous
Definition:
SARMENT'OUS, a.  [L. sarmentosus, from sarmentum, a twig.]
A sarmentous stem, in botany, is one that is filiform and almost naked, or having only leaves in bunches at the joints or knots, where it strikes root.


Topic: Sarplar
Definition:
S'ARPLAR, n.  A sarplar of wool is a sack containing 80 tod; a tod contains two stone of 14 pounds each.


Topic: Sarse
Definition:
S'ARSE, n.  A fine sieve; usually written searce or searse.  [Little used.]
S'ARSE, v.t.  [from the noun.]  To sift through a sarse.  [Little used.]


Topic: Sash
Definition:
SASH, n.  
1.  A belt worn for ornament.  Sashes are worn by military officers as badges of distinction, round the waist or over the shoulders.  They are usually of silk, variously made and ornamented.
2.  The frame of a window in which the lights or panes of glass are set.
She ventures now to lift the sash.


Topic: Sassafras
Definition:
SAS'SAFRAS, n.  [L. saxifraga; saxum, a stone, and frango, to break.]
A tree of the genus Laurus, whose bark has an aromatic smell and taste.


Topic: Sastra
Definition:
SAS'TRA, n.  Among the Hindoos, a sacred book; a book containing sacred ordinances.  The six great Sastras, in the opinion of the Hindoos, contain all knowledge, human and divine.  These are the Veda, Upaveda, Vedanga, Purana, Dherma, and Dersana.


Topic: Satan
Definition:
SA'TAN, n.  [Heb. an adversary.]  The grand adversary of man; the devil or prince of darkness; the chief of the fallen angels.


Topic: Sate
Definition:
SATE, v.t.  [L. satio.  The primary sense is to stuff, to fill, from crowding, driving.]
To satiate; to satisfy appetite; to glut; to feed beyond natural desire.
While the vultures sate their maws with full repast.


Topic: Satellite
Definition:
SAT'ELLITE, n.  [L. satelles.]
1.  A secondary planet or moon; a small planet revolving round another.  In the solar system, eighteen satellites have been discovered.  The earth has one, called the moon, Jupiter four, Saturn seven, and Herschel six.
2.  A follower; an obsequious attendant or dependant.


Topic: Satiate
Definition:
SATIATE, v.t.  sa'shate.  [L. satiatus, from satio.  See sate.]
1.  To fill; to satisfy appetite or desire; to feed to the full, or to furnish enjoyment to the extent of desire; as, to satiate appetite or sense.
2.  To fill to the extent of want; as, to satiate the earth or plants with water.
3.  To glut; to fill beyond natural desire.
He may be satiated, but not satisfied.
4.  To gratify desire to the utmost.
I may yet survive the malice of my enemies, although they should be satiated with my blood.
5.  To saturate.  [Not unusual.  See saturate.]


Topic: Satiety
Definition:
SATI'ETY, n.  [L. satietas.  See Sate.]
Properly, fullness of gratification, either of the appetite or any sensual desire; but it usually implies fullness beyond desire; an excess of gratification which excites wearisomeness or lothing; state of being glutted.
In all pleasures there is satiety. 
- But thy words, with grace divine imbu'd, bring to their sweetness no satiety.


Topic: Satire
Definition:
SAT'IRE, n.  [L. satira; so named from sharpness, pungency.  See satyriasis.]
1.  A discourse or poem in which wickedness or folly is exposed with severity.  It differs from lampoon and pasquinade, in being general rather than personal.
2.  Severity of remark.  It differs from sarcasm, in not expressing contempt or scorn.


Topic: Satirist
Definition:
SAT'IRIST, n.  One who writes satire.
Wycherly, in his writings, is the sharpest satirist of his time.


Topic: Satirize
Definition:
SAT'IRIZE, v.t.  To censure with keenness or severity.
It is as hard to satirize well a man of distinguished vices, as to praise well a man of distinguished virtues.


Topic: Satisfaction
Definition:
SATISFAC'TION, n.  [L. satisfactio.  See Satisfy.]
1.  That state of the mind which results from the full gratification of desire; repose of mind or contentment with present possession and enjoyment.  Sensual pleasure affords no permanent satisfaction.
2.  The act of pleasing or gratifying.
The mind having a power to suspend the execution and satisfaction of its desires -
3.  Repose of the mind on the certainty of any thing; that state which results from relief from suspense, doubt or uncertainty; conviction.
What satisfaction can you have?
4.  Gratification; that which pleases.
Exchanging solid quiet to obtain the windy satisfaction of the brain.
5.  That which satisfies; amends; recompense; compensation; indemnification; atonement.  Satisfaction for damages, must be an equivalent; but satisfaction in many cases, may consist in concession or apology.
6.  Payment; discharge; as, to receive a sum in full satisfaction of a debt; to enter satisfaction on record.


Topic: Satisfactorily
Definition:
SATISFAC'TORILY, adv. 
1.  In a manner to give satisfaction or content.
2.  In a manner to impress conviction or belief.  The crime was satisfactorily proved.


Topic: Satisfactoriness
Definition:
SATISFAC'TORINESS, n.  The power of satisfying or giving content; as the satisfactoriness of pleasure or enjoyment.


Topic: Satisfactory
Definition:
SATISFAC'TORY, a.
1.  Giving or producing satisfaction; yielding content; particularly, relieving the mind from doubt or uncertainty and enabling it to rest with confidence; as, to give a satisfactory account of any remarkable transaction.  A judge seeks for satisfactory evidence of guilt before he condemns.
2.  Making amends, indemnification or recompose; causing to cease from claims and to rest content; atoning; as, to make satisfactory compensation, or a satisfactory apology for an offense.
- A most wise and sufficient means of salvation by the satisfactory and meritorious death and obedience of the incarnate Son of God, Jesus Christ.


Topic: Satisfy
Definition:
SAT'ISFY,  v.t.  [L. satisfacio; satis, enough, and facio, to make.]
1.  To gratify wants, wishes or desires to the full extent; to supply possession or enjoyment till no more is desired.  The  demands of hunger may be easily satisfied; but who can satisfy the passion for money or honor?
2.  To supply fully what is necessary and demanded by natural laws; as, to satisfy with rain the desolate and waste ground.  Job. 38.
3.  To pay to content; to recompense or indemnify to the full extent of claims; as, to satisfy demands.
He is well paid, that is, well satisfied.
4.  To appease by punishment; as, to satisfy rigor.
5.  To free from doubt, suspense or uncertainty; to cause the mind to rest in confidence by ascertaining the truth; as, to satisfy one's self by inquiry.
6.  To convince.  A jury must be satisfied of the guilt of a man, before they can justly condemn him.
The standing evidences of the truth of the gospel are in themselves most firm, solid and satisfying.
7.  To pay; to discharge; as, to satisfy an execution.
Debts due to the United States are to be first satisfied.
SAT'ISFY, v.i.
1.  To give content.  Earthly good never satisfies.
2.  To feed or supply to the full.
3.  To make payment.  [But the intransitive use of this verb is generally elliptical.]


Topic: Satisfying
Definition:
SAT'ISFYING, ppr.  Giving content; feeding or supplying to the full extent of desire; convincing; paying.


Topic: Saturanlian
Definition:
SATURAN'LIAN, a.  [from L. saturnalia, feasts of Saturn.]
1.  Pertaining to the festivals celebrated in honor of Saturn, Dec. 16, 17 or 18, in which men indulged in riot without restraint.  Hence,
2.  Loose; dissolute; sportive.


Topic: Saturant
Definition:
SAT'URANT, a.  [L. saturans.]  Saturating; impregnating to the full.
SAT'URANT, n.  In medicine, a substance which neutralizes the acid in the stomach; an absorbent.


Topic: Saturate
Definition:
SAT'URATE, v.t.  [L. saturo, from satur, filled; satio, to feed to the full.  See Sate.]
1.  To impregnate or unite with, till no more can be received.  Thus an acid saturates an alkali, and an alkali saturates an acid, when the solvent can contain no more of the dissolving body.
2.  To supply or fill to fullness.


Topic: Saturation
Definition:
SATURA'TION, n.  In a general sense, a filling or supply to fullness.  In chimistry, the union, combination or impregnation of one body with another by natural attraction, affinity or mixture, till the receiving body can contain no more; or solution continued till the solvent can contain no more.  The saturation of an alkali by an acid, is by affinity; the saturation of water by salt, is by solution.


Topic: Saturity
Definition:
SATU'RITY, n.  [L. saturitas.  See Saturate.]
Fullness of supply; the state of being saturated.  [Little used.]


Topic: Saturn
Definition:
SAT'URN, n.  [L. saturnus.]  
1.  In mythology, one of the oldest and principal deities, the son of Coelus and Terra, (heaven and earth,) and the father of Jupiter.  He answers to the Greek Chronus or Time.
2.  In astronomy, one of the planets of the solar system, less in magnitude than Jupiter, but more remote from the sun.  Its diameter is seventy nine thousand miles, is mean distance from the sun somewhat more than nine hundred millions of miles and its year, or periodical revolution round the sun, nearly twenty nine years and a half.
3.  In the old chimistry, an appellation given to lead.
4.  In heraldry, the black color in blazoning the arms of sovereign princes.


Topic: Saturnian
Definition:
SATURN'IAN, a.  In fabulous history, pertaining to Saturn, whose age or reign, from the mildness and wisdom of his government, is called the golden age; hence, golden; happy; distinguished for purity, integrity and simplicity.
Th' Augustus, born to bring Saturnian times.


Topic: Saturnine
Definition:
SAT'URNINE, a.  [L. Saturnus.]
1.  Supposed to be under the influence of Saturn.  Hence,
2.  Dull; heavy; grave; not readily susceptible of excitement; phlegmatic; as a saturnine person or temper.


Topic: Saturnite
Definition:
SAT'URNITE, n.  A metallic substance of recent discovery, separated from lead in torrefaction, resembling lead in its color, weight, solubility in acids, &c. but more fusible and brittle; easily scorified and volatilized.


Topic: Satyr
Definition:
SA'TYR, n.  [l. satyrus; Gr. a monkey, a fawn.]
In mythology, a sylvan deity or demi-god, represented as a monster, half man and half goat, having horns on his head, a hairy body, with the feet and tail of a goat.  Satyrs are usually found in the train of Bacchus, and have been distinguished for lasciviousness and riot.  They have been represented as remarkable for their piercing eyes and keen raillery.


Topic: Satyriasis
Definition:
SATYRI'ASIS, n.  [Gr.  We observe in this word a connection with satire, in the sense of excitement, pungency.] 
Immoderate venereal appetite.


Topic: Sauce
Definition:
SAUCE, n.  [L. salsus, salt, from sal.]
1.  A mixture or composition to be eaten with food for improving its relish.
High sauces and rich spices are brought from the Indies.
2.  In New England, culinary vegetables and roots eaten with flesh.  This application of the word falls in nearly with the definition.
Roots, herbs, vine-fruits, and salad-flowers - they dish up various ways, and find them very delicious sauce to their meats, both roasted and boiled, fresh and salt.
Sauce consisting of stewed apples, is a great article in some parts of New England; but cranberries make the most delicious sauce.
To serve one the same sauce, is to retaliate one injury with another.  [Vulgar.]
SAUCE, v.t.
1.  To accompany meat with something to give it a higher relish.
2.  To gratify with rich tastes; as, to sauce the palate.
3.  To intermix or accompany with any thing good, or ironically, with any thing bad.
Then fell she to sauce her desires with threatenings.
Thou say'st his meat was sauc'd with thy upbraidings.
4.  To treat with bitter, pert or tart language.  [Vulgar.]


Topic: Sauce-pan
Definition:
SAUCE-PAN, n.  saus'-pan.  A small pan for sauce, or a small skillet with a long handle, in which sauce or small things are boiled.


Topic: Saucer
Definition:
SAU'CER, n.
1.  A small pan in which sauce is set on a table.
2.  A piece of china or other ware, in which a tea cup or coffee cup is set.


Topic: Saucy
Definition:
SAU'CY, a.  [from sauce; L. salsus, salt or salted.  The use of this word leads to the primary sense of salt, which must be shooting forward, penetrating, pungent, for boldness is a shooting forward.]
1.  Impudent; bold to excess; rude; transgressing the rules of decorum; treating superiors with contempt.  It expresses more than pert; as a saucy boy; a saucy fellow.
2.  Expressive of impudence; as a saucy eye; saucy looks.


Topic: Saunter
Definition:
SAUNTER, v.i.  s'anter.  
1.  To wander about idly; as sauntering from place to place.
2.  To loiter; to linger.
This must not run it into a lazy sauntering about ordinary things.


Topic: Saussurite
Definition:
SAUS'SURITE, n.  A mineral so named from Saussure, the discoverer, of a white gray or green color, found at the foot of mount Rosa.  It approaches andalusite.


Topic: Savage
Definition:
SAV'AGE, a.  [L. silva, a wood, or silvicola, an inhabitant of a wood, or silvaticus.]
1.  Pertaining to the forest; wild; remote from human residence and improvements; uncultivated; as a savage wilderness.
Cornels and savage berries of the wood.
2.  Wild; untamed; as savage beasts of prey.
3.  Uncivilized; untaught; unpolished; rude; as savage life; savage manners.
What nation since the commencement of the christian era, ever rose from savage to civilized without christianity?
4.  Cruel; barbarous; fierce; ferocious; inhuman; brutal; as a savage spirit.
SAV'AGE, n.  
1.  A human being in his native state of rudeness; one who is untaught, uncivilized or without cultivation of mind or manners.  The savages of America, when uncorrupted by the vices of civilized men, are remarkable for their hospitality to strangers, and for their truth, fidelity and gratitude to their friends, but implacably cruel and revengeful towards their enemies.  From this last trait of the savage character, the word came to signify,
2.  A man of extreme, unfeeling, brutal cruelty; a barbarian.
3.  The name of a genus of fierce voracious flies.
SAV'AGE, v.t.  To make wild, barbarous or cruel.  [Not well authorized and little used.]


Topic: Savageness
Definition:
SAV'AGENESS, n.  
1.  Wildness; an untamed, uncultivated or uncivilized state; barbarism.  Hence,
2.  Cruelty; barbarousness.
Wolves and bears, they say, casting their savageness aside, have done like offices of pity.


Topic: Savagism
Definition:
SAV'AGISM, n.  The state of rude uncivilized men; the state of men in their native wildness and rudeness.
The greater part of modern philosophers have declared for the original savagism of men.


Topic: Save
Definition:
SAVE, v.t.  [L. salvo.  As salve is used in Latin for salutation or wishing health, as hail is in English, I suspect this word to be from the root of heal or hail, the first letter being changed.  Gr.  See Salt.]
1.  To preserve from injury, destruction or evil of any kind; to rescue from danger; as, to save a house from the flames; to save a man from drowning; to save a family from ruin; to save a state from war.
He cried, saying Lord, save me.  Matt 14.  Gen. 45.
2.  To preserve from final and everlasting destruction; to rescue from eternal death.
Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners.  1Tim. 1.
3.  To deliver; to rescue from the power and pollution of sin.
He shall save his people from their sins.  Matt. 1.
4.  To hinder from being spent or lost; as, to save the expense of a new garment.  Order in all affairs saves time.
5.  To prevent.  method in affairs saves much perplexity.
6.  To reserve or lay by for preservation.
Now save a nation, and now save a groat.
7.  To spare; to prevent; to hinder from occurrence.
Will you not speak to save a lady's blush?
Silent and unobserv'd, to save his tears.
8.  To salve; as, to save appearances.
9.  To take or use opportunely, so as not to lose.  The ship sailed in time to save the tide.
10.  To except; to reserve from a general admission or account.
Israel burned none of them, save Hazor only.  Josh. 11.
Of the Jews five times received I forty stripes, save one.  2Cor. 11.
[Save is here a verb followed by an object.  It is the imperative used without a specific nominative; but it is now less frequently used than except.]

SAVE, v.i.  To hinder expense.
Brass ordinance saveth in the quantity of the material.


Topic: Saved
Definition:
SA'VED, pp.  Preserved from evil; injury or destruction; kept frugally; prevented; spared; taken in time.


Topic: Saver
Definition:
SA'VER, n.
1.  One that saves, preserves or rescues from evil or destruction; as the saver of the country.
2.  One that escapes loss, but without gain.
3.  One that is frugal in expenses; an economist.


Topic: Savin
Definition:
SAV'IN, n.  A tree or shrub of the genus Juniperus.  The savin of Europe resembles the red cedar of America, and the latter is sometimes called savin.


Topic: Saving
Definition:
SA'VING, ppr.
1.  Preserving from evil or destruction; hindering from waste or loss; sparing; taking or using in time.
2.  Excepting.
3.  a.  Frugal; not lavish; avoiding unnecessary expenses; economical; parsimonious.  But it implies less rigorous economy than parsimonious; as a saving husbandman or housekeeper.
4.  That saves in returns or receipts the principal or sum employed or expended; that incurs no loss, though not gainful; as a saving bargain.  The ship has made a saving voyage.
5.  That secures everlasting salvation; as saving grace.
SA'VING, n.
1.  Something kept from being expended or lost.
By reducing the interest of the debt, the nation makes a saving.
2.  Exception; reservation.
Contend not with those that are too strong for us, but still with a saving to honesty.


Topic: Savingly
Definition:
SA'VINGLY, adv.
1.  With frugality or parsimony.
2.  So as to be finally saved from eternal death; as savingly converted.


Topic: Savingness
Definition:
SA'VINGNESS, n. 
1.  Frugality; parsimony, caution not to expend money without necessity or use.
2.  Tendency to promote eternal salvation.


Topic: Savior
Definition:
SAVIOR, n.  savyur.  One that saves or preserves; but properly applied only to Jesus Christ, the Redeemer, who has opened the way to everlasting salvation by his obedience and death, and who is therefore called the Savior, by way of distinction, the Savior of men, the Savior of the world.  General Washington may be called the saver, but not the savior of his country.


Topic: Savor
Definition:
SA'VOR, n.  [L. sapor, sapio, to taste.]
1.  Taste or odor; something that perceptibly affects the organs of taste and smell; as the savor of an orange or rose; an ill savor; a sweet savor.
I smell sweet savors -
In Scripture, it usually denotes smell, scent, odor.  
Lev. 26.  Eccles. 10.
2.  The quality which renders a thing valuable; the quality which renders other bodies agreeable to the taste.
If the salt hath lost its savor - Matt. 5.
3.  In Scripture, character; reputation.  Ex. 5.
4.  Cause; occasion.  2Cor. 2.
Sweet savor, in Scripture, denotes that which renders a thing acceptable to God, or his acceptance.  Hence, to smell a sweet savor, is to accept the offering or service.  Gen. 8.

SA'VOR, v.i.  
1.  To have a particular smell or taste.
2.  To partake of the quality or nature of; or to have the appearance of.  The answers savor of a humble spirit; or they savor of pride.
I have rejected every thing that savors of party.
SA'VOR, v.t.
1.  To like; to taste or smell with pleasure.
2.  To like; to delight in; to favor.  Matt. 16.


Topic: Savory
Definition:
SA'VORY, a.  [from savor.]  Pleasing to the organs of smell or taste; as a savory odor.
Make me savory meat.  Gen. 27.


Topic: Saw
Definition:
SAW,  pret. of see.
SAW, n.  [See the Verb.]
1.  A cutting instrument consisting of a blade or thin plate of iron or steel, with one edge dentated or toothed.
2.  A saying; proverb; maxim; decree.  Obs.  [See Say.]
SAW, v.t. pret. sawed; pp. sawed or sawn.  [L. seco;]
1.  To cut with a saw; to separate with a saw; as, to saw timber or marble.
2.  To form by cutting with a saw; as, to saw boards or planks, that is, to saw timber into boards or planks.
SAW, v.i.
1.  To use a saw; to practice sawing; as, a man saws well.
2.  To cut with a saw; as, the mill saws fast or well.
3.  To be cut with a saw; as, the timber saws smooth.


Topic: Saw-pit
Definition:
SAW'-PIT, n.  A pit over which timber is sawed by two men, one standing below the timber and the other above.


Topic: Sawyer
Definition:
SAW'YER, n.
1.  One whose occupation is to saw timber into planks or boards, or to saw wood for fuel.
2.  In America, a tree which, being undermined by a current of water, and falling into the stream, lies with its branches above water, which are continually raised and depressed by the force of the current, from which circumstance the name is derived.  The sawyers in the Mississippi render the navigation dangerous, and frequently sink boats which run against them.


Topic: Saxifrage
Definition:
SAX'IFRAGE, n.  [L. saqxifraga; composed of saxum, a stone, and frango, to break.]
A medicine that has the property of breaking or dissolving the stone in the bladder.  But in botany, a genus of plants of many species.  The burnet saxifrage is of the genus Pimpinella; the golden saxifrage is of the genus Chrysoplenium; the meadow saxifrage is of the genus Peucedanum.


Topic: Saxon
Definition:
SAX'ON, n.
1.  One of the nation or people who formerly dwelt in the northern part of Germany, and who invaded and conquered England in the fifth and sixth centuries.  The Welsh still call the English Saesons.
2.  The language of the Saxons.
SAX'ON, a.  Pertaining to the Saxons, to their country, or to their language.


Topic: Say
Definition:
SAY, v.t.  pret. and pp. said, contracted from sayed.
1.  To speak; to utter in words; as, he said nothing; he said many things; he says not a word.  Say a good word for me.
It is observable that although this word is radically synonymous with speak and tell, yet the uses are applications of these words are different.  Thus we say, to speak an oration, to tell a story; but in these phrases, say cannot be used.  Yet to say a lesson is good English, though not very elegant.  We never use the phrases to say a sermon or discourse, to say an argument, to say a speech, to say testimony.
A very general use of say is to introduce a relation, narration or recital, either of the speaker himself or of something said or done or to be done by another.  Thus Adam said, this is bone of my bone; Noah said, blessed be the Lord God of Shem.  If we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves.  Say to the cities of Judah, behold your God.  I cannot say what I should do in a similar case.  Say thus precedes a sentence.  But it is perhaps impracticable to reduce the peculiar and appropriate uses of say, speak and tell, to general rules.  They can be learned only by observation.
2.  To declare.  Gen. 38.
3.  To utter; to pronounce.
Say now Shibboleth.  Judges 12.
4.  To utter, as a command.
God said, let there be light.  Gen. 1.
5.  To utter, as a promise.  Luke 23.
6.  To utter, as a question or answer.  Mark 11.
7.  To affirm; to teach.  Matt. 17.
8.  To confess.  Luke 17.
9.  To testify.  Acts 26.
10.  To argue; to allege by way of argument.
After all that can be said against a thing -
11.  To repeat; to rehearse; to recite; as, to say a lesson.
12.  To pronounce; to recite without singing.  Then shall be said or sung as follows.
13.  To report; as in the phrases, it is said, they say.
14.  To answer; to utter by way of reply; to tell.
Say, Stella, feel you no content, reflecting on a life well spent?
[Note - This verb is not properly intransitive.  In the phrase, 'as when we say, Plato is no fool,' the last clause is the object after the verb; that is, 'we say what follows.'  If this verb is properly intransitive in any case, it is in the phrase, 'that is to say,' but in such cases, the subsequent clause is the object of the verb, being that which is said, uttered or related.]
SAY, n.  A speech; something said.  [In popular use, but not elegant.]
SAY, n.  [for assay.]  
1.  A sample.  Obs.
2.  Trial by sample.  Obs.
SAY, n.  A thin silk.  Obs.
SAY,


Topic: Saying
Definition:
SA'YING, ppr.  Uttering in articulate sounds or words; speaking; telling; relating; reciting.
SA'YING, n.
1.  An expression; a sentence uttered; a declaration.
Moses fled at this saying.  Acts 7.
Cicero treasured up the sayings of Scaevola.
2.  A proverbial expression.  Many are the sayings of the wise.


Topic: Scab
Definition:
SCAB, n.  [L. scabbies, scaber, rough.]
1.  An encrusted substance, dry and rough, formed over a sore in healing.
2.  The itch or mange in horses; a disease of sheep.
3.  A mean, dirty paltry fellow.  [Low.]


Topic: Scabbed
Definition:
SCAB'BED, a.  [from scab.]  
1.  Abounding with scabs; diseased with scabs.
2.  Mean; paltry; vile; worthless.


Topic: Scabby
Definition:
SCAB'BY, a.  [from scab.]  
1.  Affected with scabs; full of scabs.
2.  Diseased with the scab or mange; mangy.


Topic: Scabious
Definition:
SCA'BIOUS, a.  [L. scabisus, from scabies, scab.]
Consisting of scabs; rough itch; leprous; as scabious eruptions.
SCA'BIOUS, n.  A plant of the genus Scabiosa.


Topic: Scabrous
Definition:
SCA'BROUS, a.  [L. scabrosus, scaber, from scabies, scab.
1.  Rough; rugged; having sharp points.
2.  Harsh; unmusical.


Topic: Scaffold
Definition:
SCAF'FOLD, n.  [The last syllable is the L. fala.]
1.  Among builders, an assemblage or structure of timbers, boards or planks, erected by the wall of a building to support the workmen.
2.  A temporary gallery or stage raised either for shows or spectators.
3.  A stage or elevated platform for the execution of a criminal.
SCAF'FOLD, v.t.  To furnish with a scaffold; to sustain; to uphold.


Topic: Scaffolding
Definition:
SCAF'FOLDING, n.
1.  A frame or structure for support in an elevated place.
2.  That which sustains; a frame; as the scaffolding of the body.
3.  Temporary structure for support.
4.  Materials for scaffolds.


Topic: Scald
Definition:
SCALD, v.t.  [L. caleo, caida, calidus.  I suppose the primary sense of caleo is to contract, to draw, to make hard.]
1.  To burn or painfully affect and injure by immersion in or contact with a liquor of a boiling heat, or a heat approaching it; as, to scald the hand or foot.  We scald the part, when the heat of the liquor applied is so violent as to injure the skin and flesh.  Scald is sometimes used to express the effect of the heat of other substances than liquids.
Here the blue flames of scalding brimstone fall.
2.  To expose to a boiling or violent heat over a fire, or in water or other liquor; as, to scald meat or milk.
SCALD, n.  [supra.]  A burn, or injury to the skin and flesh by hot liquor.
SCALD, n.  Scab; scurf on the head.
SCALD, a.  Scurvy; paltry; poor; as scald rhymers.
SCALD, n.
Among the ancient Scandinavians, a poet; one whose occupation was to compose poems in honor of distinguished men and their achievements, and to recite and sing them on public occasions.  The scalds of Denmark and Sweden answered to the bards of the Britons or Celts.


Topic: Scaldhead
Definition:
SCALD'HEAD, n.  [See Scald.]  A lothesome affection of the head, in which it is covered with a continuous scab.


Topic: Scale
Definition:
SCALE, n.  [L. id.  If the sense is to strip, it coincides with the Gr. to spoil.]
1.  The dish of a balance; and hence, the balance itself, or whole instrument; as, to turn the scale.
Long time in even scale the battle hung.
But in general, we use the plural, scales, for the whole instrument.
The scales are turn'd; her kindness weights no more now than my vows.
2.  The sign of the balance or Libra, in the zodiac.
3.  The small shell or crust which composes a part of the covering of a fish; and hence, any thin layer or leaf exfoliated or separated; a thin lamin; as scales of iron or of bone.
The scales of fish consist of alternate layers of membrane and phosphate of lime.  The scales of serpents are composed of a horny membrane, without the calcarious phosphate.
4.  A ladder; series of steps; means of ascending.  [L. scala.]
5.  The art of storming a place by mounting the wall on ladders; an escalade, or scalade.
6.  A mathematical instrument of wood or metal, on which are marked line and figures for the purpose of measuring distances, extent or proportions; as a plain scale; a diagonal scale.
7.  Regular gradation; a series rising by steps or degrees like those of a ladder.  Thus we speak of the scale of being, in which man occupies a higher rank than brutes, and angels a higher rank than man.
8.  Any instrument, figure or scheme, graduated for the purpose of measuring extent or proportions as a map drawn by a scale of half an inch to a league.
9.  In music, a gamut; a diagram; or a series of lines and spaces rising one above another, on which notes are placed; or a scale consists of the regular gradations of sounds.  A scale may be limited to an octave, called by the Greeks a tetrachord, or it may extend to the compass of any voice or instrument.
10.  Any thing graduated or marked with degrees at equal distances.
SCALE, v.t.
1.  To climb, as by a ladder; to ascend by steps; and applied to the walls of a fortified place, to mount in assault or storm.
Oft have I scal'd the craggy oak.
2.  [from scale, a balance.]  To measure; to compare; to weight.
3.  [from scale, the covering of a fish.]  to strip or clear of scales; as, to scale a fish.
4.  To take off in thin lamins or scales.
5.  To pare off a surface.
If all the mountains were scaled, and the earth made even -
6.  In the north of England, to spread, as manure or loose substances; also, to disperse; to waste.
7.  In gunnery, to clean the inside of a cannon by the explosion of a small quantity of powder.
SCALE, v.i.  To separate and come off in thin layers or lamins.
The old shells of the lobster scale off.


Topic: Scale-stone
Definition:
SCA'LE-STONE, n.  A rare mineral, called also tafelspath and tabular spar, occurring in masses composed of thin lamins collected into large prismatic concretions or hexahedral prisms.  It color is grayish or pearly white, tinged with green, yellow or red.


Topic: Scaled
Definition:
SCA'LED, pp.
1.  Ascended by ladders or steps; cleared of scales; pared; scattered.
2.  a.  Having scales like a fish; squamous; as a scaled snake.


Topic: Scaling
Definition:
SCA'LING, ppr.
1.  Ascending by ladders or steps; storming.
2.  Stripping of scales.
3.  Peeling; paring.


Topic: Scall
Definition:
SCALL, n. [See Scald and Scaldhead.]
Scab; scabbiness; leprosy.
It is a dry scall, even a leprosy on the head.  Lev. 42.


Topic: Scallion
Definition:
SCAL'LION, n.  [ascalonia.]
a plant of the genus Allium; a variety of the common onion, which never forms a bulb at the root.


Topic: Scallop
Definition:
SCAL'LOP, n. [This is from the root of shell, scale; coinciding with scalp.]
1.  A shell fish, or rather a genus of shell fish, called pecten.  The shell is bivalvular, the hinge toothless, having a small ovated hollow.  The great scallop is rugged and imbricated with scales, grows to a large size, and in some countries is taken and barreled for market.
2.  A recess or curving of the edge of any thing, like the segment of a circle; written also scallop.
SCAL'LOP, v.t.  To mark or cut the edge or border of any thing into segments of circles.


Topic: Scalp
Definition:
SCALP, n.  [L. scalpo.]
1.  The skin of the top of the head; as a hairless scalp.
2.  The skin of the top of the head cut or torn off.  A scalp among the Indians of America is a trophy of victory.
SCALP, v.t.  To deprive of the scalp, or integuments of the head.


Topic: Scalpel
Definition:
SCALP'EL, n.  [L. scalpellum, from scalpo, to scrape.]
In surgery, a knife used in anatomical dissections and surgical operations.


Topic: Scaly
Definition:
SCA'LY, a.  [from scale.]
1.  Covered or abounding with scales; rough; as a scaly fish; the scaly crocodile.
2.  Resembling scales, lamina or layers.
3.  In botany, composed of scales lying over each other, as a scaly bulb; having scales scattered over it, as a scaly stem.


Topic: Scamble
Definition:
SCAM'BLE, v.i.
1.  To stir quick; to be busy; to scramble; to be bold or turbulent.
2.  To shift awkwardly.
SCAM'BLE, v.t.  To mangle; to maul.


Topic: Scammony
Definition:
SCAM'MONY, n.  [L. scammonia.]
1.  A plant of the genus convolvulus.
2.  A gum resin, obtained from the plant of that name, of a blackish gray color, a strong nauseous smell, and a bitter and very acrid taste.  The best scammony comes from Aleppo, in light spungy masses, easily friable.  That of Smyrna is black, ponderous, and mixed with extraneous matter.


Topic: Scan
Definition:
SCAN, v.t.  [L. ascendo.  See Ascend.]
1.  To examine with critical care; to scrutinize.
The actions of men in high stations are all conspicuous, and liable to be scanned and sifted.
2.  To examine a verse by counting the feet; or according to modern usage, to recite or measure verse by distinguishing the feet in pronunciation.  Thus in Latin and Greek, a hexameter verse is resolved into six feet by scanning, and the true quantities are determined.


Topic: Scandal
Definition:
SCAN'DAL, n.  [L. scandalum; Gr.  In Greek, this word signifies a stumbling block, something against which a person impinges, or which causes him to fall.]
1.  Offense given by the faults of another.
His lustful orgies he enlarg'd even to the hill of scandal.
[In this sense, we now generally use offense.]
2.  Reproachful aspersion; opprobrious censure; defamatory speech or report; something uttered which is false and injurious to reputation.
My known virtue is from scandal free.
3.  Shame; reproach; disgrace.  Such is the perverted state of the human mind that some of the most heinous crimes bring little scandal upon the offender.
SCAN'DAL, v.t.  
1.  To treat opprobriously; to defame; to asperse; to traduce; to blacken character.
I do fawn on men, and hug them hard, and after scandal them.  [Little used.]
2.  To scandalize; to offend.  [Not used.]


Topic: Scandalize
Definition:
SCAN'DALIZE, v.t.  [Gr. L. scandalizo.]
1.  To offend by some action supposed criminal.
I demand who they are whom we scandalize by using harmless things?
2.  To reproach; to disgrace; to defame; as a scandalizing libeler.


Topic: Scandalous
Definition:
SCAN'DALOUS, a.  
1.  Giving offense.
Nothing scandalous or offensive to any.
2.  Opprobrious; disgraceful to reputation; that brings shame or infamy; as a scandalous crime or vice.  How perverted must be the mind that considers seduction or dueling less scandalous than larceny!
3.  Defamatory.


Topic: Scandalously
Definition:
SCAN'DALOUSLY, adv.  
1.  Shamefully; in a manner to give offense.
His discourse at table was scandalously unbecoming the dignity of his station.
2.  Censoriously; with a disposition to find fault; as a critic scandalously nice.


Topic: Scandalousness
Definition:
SCAN'DALOUSNESS, n.  The quality of being scandalous; the quality of giving offense, or of being disgraceful.
Scandalum magnatum, in law, a defamatory speech or writing made or published to the injury of a person of dignity.


Topic: Scandent
Definition:
SCAND'ENT, a.  [L. scandens, scando, to climb.]
Climbing, either with spiral tendrils for its support, or by adhesive fibers, as a stalk; climbing; performing the office of a tendril, as a petiole.


Topic: Scant
Definition:
SCANT, v.t.
To limit; to straiten; as, to scant one in provisions; to scant ourselves in the use of necessaries; to scant a garment in cloth.
I am scanted in the pleasure of dwelling on your actions.
SCANT, v.i.  To fail or become less; as, the wind scants.
SCANT, a.
1.  Not full, large or plentiful; scarcely sufficient; rather less than is wanted for the purpose; as a scant allowance of provisions or water; a scant pattern of cloth for a garment.
2.  Sparing; parsimonious; cautiously affording.
Be somewhat scanter of your maiden presence.  [Not in use.]
3.  Not fair, free or favorable for a ship's course; as a scant wind.
SCANT, adv.  Scarcely; hardly; not quite.  
The people - received of the bankers scant twenty shillings for thirty.  [Obsolete or vulgar.]


Topic: Scantily
Definition:
SCANT'ILY, adv.  [from scanty.]
1.  Not fully; not plentifully.  the troops were scantily supplied with flour.
2.  Sparingly; niggardly; as, to speak scantily of one.  [Unusual.]


Topic: Scantiness
Definition:
SCANT'INESS, n.
1.  Narrowness; want of space or compass; as the scantiness of our heroic verse.
2.  Want of amplitude, greatness or abundance; limited extent.
Alexander was much troubled at the scantiness of nature itself.
3.  Want of fullness; want of sufficiency; as the scantiness of supplies.


Topic: Scantle
Definition:
SCANT'LE, v.t.  To be deficient; to fail.
SCANT'LE, v.i.  To divide into thin or small pieces; to shiver.


Topic: Scantling
Definition:
SCANT'LING, n.
1.  A pattern; a quantity cut for a particular purpose.
2.  A small quantity; as a scantling of wit.
3.  A certain proportion or quantity.
4.  In the United States, timber sawed or cut into pieces of a small size, as for studs, rails, &c.  This seems to be allied to the L. scandula, and it is the sense in which I have ever heard it used in this country.
5.  In seamen's language, the dimensions of a piece of timber, with regard to its breadth and thickness.
SCANT'LING, a.  Not plentiful; small.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Scantly
Definition:
SCANT'LY, adv.
1.  Scarcely; hardly.  Obs.
2.  Not fully or sufficiently; narrowly; penuriously; without amplitude.


Topic: Scanty
Definition:
SCANT'Y, a.  [from scant, and having the same signification.]
1.  Narrow; small; wanting amplitude or extent.
His dominions were very narrow and scanty.
Now scantier limits the proud arch confine.
2.  Poor; not copious or full; not ample; hardly sufficient; as a scanty language; a scanty supply of words; a scantly supply of bread.
3.  Sparing; niggardly; parsimonious.
In illustrating a point of difficulty, be not too scanty of words.


Topic: Scapaism
Definition:
SCAP'AISM, n.  [Gr. to dig or make hollow.]
Among the Persians, a barbarous punishment inflicted on criminals by confining them in a hollow tree till they died.


Topic: Scape
Definition:
SCAPE, v.t.  To escape; a contracted word, not now used except in poetry, and with a mark of elision.  [See Escape.]
SCAPE, n.
1.  An escape.  [See Escape.]
2.  Means of escape; evasion.
3.  Freak; aberration; deviation.
4.  Loose act of vice or lewdness.  [Obsolete in all its senses.
SCAPE, n.  [L. scopus; probably allied to scipio, and the Gr. scepter.]
In botany, a stem bearing the fructification without leaves, as in the narcissus and hyacinth.


Topic: Scape-goat
Definition:
SCA'PE-GOAT, n.  [escape and goat.]  In the Jewish ritual, a goat which was brought to the door of the tabernacle, where the high priest laid his hands upon him, confessing the sins of the people, and putting them on the heat of the goat; after which the goat was sent into the wilderness, bearing the iniquities of the people.  Lev. 14.


Topic: Scapolite
Definition:
SCAP'OLITE, n.  [Gr. a rod, and a stone.]
A mineral which occurs massive, or more commonly in four or eight sides prisms, terminated by four sided pyramids.  It takes its name from its long crystals, often marked with deep longitudinal channels, and collected in groups or masses of parallel, diverging or intermingled prisms.  It is the radiated, foliated and compact scapolite of Jameson, and the paranthine and Wernerite of Hauy and Brongniart.


Topic: Scapular
Definition:
SCAP'ULAR, a.  [L. scapularis.]  Pertaining to the shoulder, or to the scapula; as the scapular arteries.
SCAP'ULAR, n.  [supra.]
1.  In anatomy, the name of two pairs of arteries, and as many veins.
2.  In ornithology, a feather which springs from the shoulder of the wing, and lies along the side of the back.
SCAP'ULAR,


Topic: Scapulary
Definition:
SCAP'ULARY, n.  A part of the habit of certain religious orders in the Romish church, consisting of two narrow slips of cloth worn over the gown, covering the back and breast, and extending to the feet.  This is worn as a badge of peculiar veneration for the virgin Mary.


Topic: Scar
Definition:
SC'AR, n.  
1.  A mark in the skin or flesh of an animal made by a wound or an ulcer, and remaining after the wound or ulcer is healed.  The soldier is proud of his scars.
2.  Any mark or injury; a blemish.
The earth had the beauty of youth - and not a wrinkle, scar or fracture on its body.
3.  [L. scarus; Gr.]  A fish of the Labrus kind.
SC'AR, v.t.  To mark with a scar.


Topic: Scarce
Definition:
SCARCE, a.
1.  Not plentiful or abundant; being in small quantity in proportion to the demand.  We say, water is scarce, wheat, rye, barley is scarce, money is scarce, when the quantity is not fully adequate to the demand.
2.  Being few in number and scattered; rare; uncommon.  Good horses are scarce.
The scarcest of all is a Pescennius Niger on a medallion well preserved.
SCARCE,


Topic: Scarcely
Definition:
SCARCELY, adv.  
1.  Hardly; scantly.
We scarcely think our miseries our foes.
2.  Hardly; with difficulty.
Slowly he sails, and scarcely stems the tides.


Topic: Scare
Definition:
SCARE, v.t.  [L. ex and cor, heart; but qu.]
To fright; to terrify suddenly; to strike with sudden terror.
The noise of thy crow-bow will scare the herd, and so my shot is lost.
To scare away, to drive away by frightening.


Topic: Scarecrow
Definition:
SCARECROW, n.  [scarce and crow.]
1.  Any frightful thing set up to frighten crows or other fowls from corn fields; hence, any thing terrifying without danger; a vain terror.
A scarecrow set to frighten fools away.
2.  A fowl of the sea gull kind; the black gull.


Topic: Scarf
Definition:
SCARF, n. plu. scarfs
Something that hangs loose upon the shoulders; as a piece of cloth.
Put on your hood and scarf.


Topic: Scarfskin
Definition:
SC'ARFSKIN, n.  [scarf and skin.]  The cuticle; the epidermis; the outer thin integument of the body.


Topic: Scarification
Definition:
SCARIFICA'TION, n.  [L. scarificatio.  See Scarify.]
In surgery, the operation of making several incisions in the skin with a lancet or other cutting instrument, particularly the cupping instrument.


Topic: Scarifier
Definition:
SCAR'IFIER, n.  [from scarify.]
1.  The person who scarifies.
2.  The instrument used for scarifying.


Topic: Scarify
Definition:
SCAR'IFY, v.t.  [L. scarifico.  Gr. L. facio, to make.  But the Greek is from a pointed instrument, or a sharp pointed piece of wood.]
To scratch or cut the skin of an animal, or to make small incisions by means of a lancet or cupping instrument, so as to draw blood from the smaller vessels without opening a large vein.


Topic: Scarious
Definition:
SCA'RIOUS, a.  [Low L. scarrosus, rough.]  In botany, tough, thin
SCA'RIOUS, a.  [Low L. scarrosus, rough.]  In botany, tough, thin and semi-transparent, dry and sonorous to the touch; as a perianth.


Topic: Scarlet
Definition:
SC'ARLET, n.  
1.  A beautiful bright red color, brighter than crimson.
2.  Cloth of a scarlet color.
All her household are clothed with scarlet.  Prov. 31.
SC'ARLET, a.  of the color called scarlet; of a bright red color; as a scarlet cloth or thread; a scarlet lip.


Topic: Scarlet-fever
Definition:
SC'ARLET-FE'VER, n.  [scarlatina.]  a disease in which the body is covered with an efflorescence or red color, first appearing about the neck and breast, and accompanied with a sore throat.


Topic: Scarlet-oak
Definition:
SC'ARLET-OAK, n.  a species of oak, the Quercus coccifera, or kermes oak, producing small glandular excrescences, called kermes or scarlet grain.


Topic: Scarp
Definition:
SC'ARP, n.
In fortification, the interior talus or slope of the ditch next the place, at the foot of the rampart.
SC'ARP, n.  In heraldry, the scarf which military commanders wear for ornament; borne somewhat like a battoon sinister, but broader, and continued to the edges of the field.


Topic: Scate
Definition:
SCATE, n.  [This word may belong to the root of shoot, and L. scateo.]
A wooden shoe furnished with a steel plate for sliding on ice.
SCATE, v.i.  To slide or move on scates.
SCATE, n.  [l. squatina, squatus.]  A fish, a species of ray.


Topic: Scath
Definition:
SCATH, v.t.  To damage; to waste; to destroy.  [Little used.]
SCATH, n.  Damage; injury; waste; harm.  [Little used.]


Topic: Scatter
Definition:
SCAT'TER, v.t.  [L. scateo, discutio;  Gr. to scatter, to discuss.  This word may be formed on the root of discutio.  The primary sense is to drive or throw.]
1.  To disperse; to dissipate; to separate or remove things to a distance from each other.
From thence did the Lord scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.  Gen. 11.
I will scatter you among the heathen.  Lev. 26.
2.  To throw loosely about; to sprinkle; as, to scatter seed in sowing.
Teach the glad hours to scatter, as they fly, soft quiet, gentle love and endless joy.
3.  To spread or set thinly.
Why should my muse enlarge on Libyan swains, their scatter'd cottages, and ample plains.
SCAT'TER, v.i.
1.  To be dispersed or dissipated.  The clouds scatter after a storm.
2.  To be liberal to the poor; to be charitable.  Prov. 11.


Topic: Scattered
Definition:
SCAT'TERED, pp.
1.  Dispersed; dissipated; thinly spread; sprinkled or thinly spread over.
2.  In botany, irregular in position; without any apparent regular order; as scattered branches.


Topic: Scattering
Definition:
SCAT'TERING, ppr.
1.  Dispersing; spreading thinly; sprinkling.
2.  a.  Not united; divided among many; as scattering votes.


Topic: Scatteringly
Definition:
SCAT'TERINGLY, adv.  Loosely; in a dispersed manner; thinly; as habitations scatteringly placed over the country.


Topic: Scavage
Definition:
SCAV'AGE, n. 
In ancient customs, a toll or duty exacted of merchant-strangers by mayors, sheriffs, &c. for goods shown or offered for sale within their precincts.


Topic: Scavenger
Definition:
SCAV'ENGER, n.  [L. scabio.]
A person whose employment is to clean the streets of a city, by scraping or sweeping and carrying off the filth.


Topic: Scene
Definition:
SCENE, n.  [L. scena; Gr.  Heb.  The Greek word signifies a tent, hut or cottage.  In L. it is an arbor or stage.  The primary sense is to set or throw down.]
1.  A stage; the theater or place where dramatic pieces and other shows are exhibited.  It does not appear that the ancients changed the scenes in different parts of the play.  Indeed the original scene for acting was an open plat of ground, shaded or slightly covered.
2.  The whole series of actions and events connected and exhibited; or the whole assemblage of objects displayed at one view.  Thus we say, the execution of a malefactor is a melancholy scene.  The crucifixion of our Saviour was the most solemn scene ever presented to the view of man.
We say also, a scene of sorrow or of rejoicing, a noble scene, a sylvan scene.
A charming scene of nature is display'd.
3.  A part of a play; a division of an act.  A play is divided into acts, and acts are divided into scenes.
4.  So much of an act of a play as represents what passes between the same persons in the same place.
5.  The place represented by the sate.  The scene was laid in the king's palace.
6.  The curtain or hanging of a theater adapted to the play.
7.  The place where any thing is exhibited. 
The world is a vast scene of strife.
8.  Any remarkable exhibition.
The shepherds, while watching their flocks upon the plains of Bethehem, were suddenly interrupted by one of the most sublime and surprising scenes which have ever been exhibited on earth.


Topic: Scenery
Definition:
SCE'NERY, n.  The appearance of a place, or of the various objects presented to view; or the various objects themselves as seen together.  Thus we may say, the scenery of the landscape presented to the view from mount Holyoke, in Hampshire county, Massachusetts, is highly picturesque, and exceeded only by the scenery of Boston and its vicinity, as seen from the State house.
Never need an American look beyond his own country for the sublime and beautiful of natural scenery.
2.  The representation of the place in which an action is performed.
3.  The disposition and consecution of the scenes of a play.
4.  The paintings representing the scenery of a play.


Topic: Scenography
Definition:
SCENOG'RAPHY, n.  [Gr. scene, to describel.]
the representation of a body on a perspective plane; or a description of it in all its dimensions as it appears to the eye.


Topic: Scent
Definition:
SCENT, n.  [L. sentio, to perceive.]
1.  Odor; smell; that substance which issuing from a body, affects the olfactory organs of animals; as the scent of an orange or an apple; the scent of musk.  The word is applicable to any odor, agreeable or offensive.
2.  The power of smelling; the smell; as a house of nice scent.
3.  chase followed by the scent; course of pursuit; track.
He travelled upon the same scent into Ethiopia.
SCENT, v.t.
1.  to smell; to perceive by the olfactory organs; as, to scent game, as a hound.
2.  To perfume; to imbue or fill with odor, good or bad.  Aromatic plants scent the room.  some persons scent garments with musk; others scent their snuff.


Topic: Scepter
Definition:
SCEP'TER, n.  [L. sceptrum; Gr. from to send or thrust; coinciding with L. scipio, that is, a shoot or rod.]
1.  A staff or batoon borne by kings on solemn occasions, as a badge of authority.  Hence,
2.  The appropriate ensign of royalty; an ensign of higher antiquity than the crown.  Hence,
3.  Royal power or authority; as, to assume the scepter.
The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, till Shiloh come.  Gen. 49.
4.  A constellation.
SCEP'TER, v.t.  To invest with royal authority, or with the ensign of authority.


Topic: Sceptered
Definition:
SCEP'TERED, a.  Bearing a scepter; as a sceptered prince.
To Britain's queen the scepter'd suppliant bends.
Gold-scepter'd Juno.


Topic: Sceptic
Definition:
SCEP'TIC, n.  [Gr. from to look about, to consider, to speculate.  See Show.]
1.  One who doubts the truth and reality of any principle or system of principles or doctrines.  In philosophy, a Pyrrhonist or follower of Pyrrho, the founder of a sect of sceptical philosophers, who maintained that no certain inferences can be drawn from the reports of the senses, and who therefore doubted of every thing.
2.  In theology, a person who doubts the existence and perfections of God, or the truth of revelation; one who disbelieves the divine original of the christian religion.
Suffer not your faith to be shaken by the sophistries of sceptics.
SCEP'TIC,


Topic: Sceptical
Definition:
SCEP'TICAL, a.
1.  Doubting; hesitating to admit the certainty of doctrines or principles; doubting of every thing.
2.  Doubting or denying the truth of revelation.
The sceptical system subverts the whole foundation of morals.


Topic: Scepticism
Definition:
SCEP'TICISM, n.  
1.  The doctrines and opinions of the Pyrrhonists or sceptical philosophers; universal doubt; the scheme of philosophy which denies the certainty of any knowledge respecting the phenomena of nature.
2.  In theology, a doubting of the truth of revelation, or a denial of the divine origin of the christian religion, or of the being, perfections or truth of God.
Irreligious scepticism or atheistic profaneness.
Let no despondency or timidity or secret scepticism lead any one to doubt whether this blessed prospect will be realized.


Topic: Scession
Definition:
SCES'SION,  n.  [L. secessio.  See Secede.]
           1. The act of withdrawing, particularly from followship and communion.
           2. The act of departing; departure.


Topic: Schelium
Definition:
SCHE'LIUM, n.  A different, name of tungsten, a hard brittle metal of a grayish white color, and brilliant.


Topic: Schematism
Definition:
SCHE'MATISM, n.  [Gr.  See Scheme.]
1.  Combination of the aspects of heavenly bodies.
2.  Particular form or disposition of a thing.  [A word not much used.]


Topic: Scheme
Definition:
SCHEME, n.  [L. schema; Gr. from a contracted word, probably from to have or hold.]
1.  A plan; a combination of things connected and adjusted by design; a system.
We shall never be able to give ourselves a satisfactory account of the divine conduct without forming such a scheme of things as shall take in time and eternity.
2.  A project; a contrivance; a plan of something to be done; a design.  Thus we say, to form a scheme, to lay a scheme, to contrive a scheme.
The stoical scheme of supplying our wants by lopping off our desires, is like cutting off our feet when we want shoes.
3.  A representation of the aspects of the celestial bodies; any lineal or mathematical diagram.
SCHEME, v.t.  To plan; to contrive.
SCHEME, v.i.  To form a plan; to contrive.


Topic: Schene
Definition:
SCHENE, n.  [L. schaenos; Gr.]  An Egyptian measure of length, equal to sixty stadia, or about 7 1/2 miles.


Topic: Schesis
Definition:
SCHE'SIS, n.  [Gr. from to have or hold.]
Habitude; general state or disposition of the body or mind, or of one thing with regard to other things.


Topic: Schism
Definition:
SCHISM, n. sizm.  [L. schisma; Gr. to divide, L. scindo.]
1.  In a general sense, division or separation; but appropriately, a division or separation in a church or denomination of christians, occasioned by diversity of opinions; breach of unity among people of the same religious faith.
- Set bounds to our passions by reason, to our errors by truth, and to our schisms by charity.
In Scripture, the word seems to denote a breach of charity, rather than a difference of doctrine.
2.  Separation; division among tribes or classes of people.


Topic: Schismatical
Definition:
SCHISMAT'ICAL, a.  sizmat'ical.  Pertaining to schism; implying schism; partaking of the nature of schism; tending to schism; as schismatical opinions or proposals.


Topic: Schismatically
Definition:
SCHISMAT'ICALLY, adv.  In a schismatical manner; by separation from a church on account of a diversity of opinions.


Topic: Scholar
Definition:
SCHOL'AR, n.  [Low L. scholaris, from schola, a school; Gr. leisure, a school.  See School.]
1.  One who learns of a teacher; one who is under the tuition of a preceptor; a pupil; a disciple; hence, any member of a college, academy or school; applicable to the learner of any art, science or branch of literature.
2.  A man of letters.
3.  Emphatically used, a man eminent for erudition; a person of high attainments in science or literature.
4.  One that learns any thing; as an apt scholar in the school of vice.
5.  A pedant; a man of books.  [But the word scholar seldom conveys the idea of a pedant.]


Topic: Scholarship
Definition:
SCHOL'ARSHIP, n.
1.  Learning; attainments in science or literature; as a man of great scholarship.
2.  Literary education; as any other house of scholarship.  [Unusual.]
3.  Exhibition or maintenance for a scholar; foundation for the support of a student.


Topic: Scholastically
Definition:
SCHOLAS'TICALLY, adv.  In the manner of schools; according to the niceties or method of the schools.


Topic: Scholasticism
Definition:
SCHOLAS'TICISM, n.  The method or subtilties of the schools.
The spirit of the old scholasticism, which spurned laborious investigation and slow induction -


Topic: Scholiast
Definition:
SCHO'LIAST, n.  [Gr.  See scholium.]
A commentator or annotator; one who writes notes upon the works of another for illustrating his writings.


Topic: Scholium
Definition:
SCHO'LIUM, n. plu. scholia or scholiums.  [L. scholion; Gr. from leisure, lucubration.]
In mathematics, a remark or observation subjoined to a demonstration.


Topic: School
Definition:
SCHOOL, n.  [L. schola; Gr. leisure, vacation from business, lucubration at leisure, a place where leisure is enjoyed, a school.  The adverb signifies at ease, leisurely, slowly, hardly, with labor or difficulty.  I think, must have been derived from the Latin.  This word seems originally to have denoted leisure, freedom from business, a time given to sports, games or exercises, and afterwards time given to literary studies.  the sense of a crowd, collection or shoal, seems to be derivative.]
1.  A place or house in which persons are instructed in arts, science, languages or any species of learning; or the pupils assembled for instruction.  In American usage, school more generally denotes the collective body of pupils in any place of instruction, and under the direction and discipline of one or more teachers.  Thus we say, a school consists of fifty pupils.  The preceptor has a large school, or a small school.  His discipline keeps the school well regulated and quiet.
2.  The instruction or exercises of a collection of pupils or students, or the collective body of pupils while engaged in their studies.  Thus we say, the school begins or opens at eight o'clock, that is, the pupils at that hour begin their studies.  so we say, the teacher is now in school, the school hours are from nine to twelve, and from two to five.
3.  The state of instruction.
Set him betimes to school.
4.  A place of education, or collection of pupils, of any kind; as the schools of the prophets.  In modern usage, the word school comprehends every place of education, as university, college, academy, common or primary schools, dancing schools, riding schools, &c.; but ordinarily the word is applied to seminaries inferior to universities and colleges.
What is the great community of christians, but one of the innumerable schools in the vast plan, which God has instituted for the education of various intelligences?
5.  Separate denomination or sect; or a system of doctrine taught by particular teachers, or peculiar to any denomination of christians or philosophers.
Let no man be less confident in his faith - by reason of any difference in the several schools of christians -
Thus we say, the Socratic school, the Platonic school, the Peripatetic or Ionic school; by which we understand all those who adopted and adhered to a particular system of opinions.
6.  The seminaries for teaching logic, metaphysics and theology, which were formed in the middle ages, and which were characterized by academical disputations and subtilties of reasoning; or the learned men who were engaged in discussing nice points in metaphysics or theology.
The supreme authority of Aristotle in the schools of theology as well as of philosophy -
Hence, school divinity is the divinity which discusses nice points, and proves every thing by argument.
7.  Any place of improvement or learning.  The world is an excellent school to wise men, but a school of vice to fools.
SCHOOL, v.t. 
1.  To instruct; to train; to educate.
He's gentle, never school'd, yet learn'd.
2.  To teach with superiority; to tutor; to chide and admonish; to reprove.
School your child, and ask why God's anointed he revil'd.


Topic: School-house
Definition:
SCHOOL'-HOUSE, n.  [See House.]  A house appropriated for the use of schools, or for instruction; but applied only to building for subordinate schools, not to colleges.  In Connecticut and some other states, every town is divided into school-districts, and each district erects its own school-house by a tax on the inhabitants.


Topic: Schooling
Definition:
SCHOOL'ING, ppr.  Instructing; teaching; reproving.
SCHOOL'ING, n.
1.  Instruction in school; tuition.
2.  Compensation for instruction; price or reward paid to an instructor for teaching pupils.
3.  Reproof; reprimand.  He gave his son a good schooling.


Topic: Schoolman
Definition:
SCHOOL'MAN, n.  [See Man.]
1.  A man versed in the niceties of academical disputation or of school divinity.
Unlearn'd, he knew no schoolman's subtil art.
2.  A writer of scholastic divinity or philosophy.
Let subtil schoolmen teach these friends to fight.


Topic: Schoolmaster
Definition:
SCHOOL'MASTER, n.  [See Master.
1.  The man who presides over and teaches a school; a teacher, instructor or preceptor of a school.  [Applied now only or chiefly to the teachers of primary school.]
Adrian VI. was sometime schoolmaster to Charles V.
2.  He or that which disciplines, instructs and leads.
The law was our schoolmaster to bring us to Christ.  Gal. 3.


Topic: Schooner
Definition:
SCHOON'ER, n.  A vessel with two masts, whose main-sail and fore- sail are suspended by gaffs, like a sloop's main-sail, and  stretched below by booms.


Topic: Schware
Definition:
SCHWARE, n.  A copper coin and money of account in Bremen, value one fifth of a groat, and 72 groats make a thaler,[dollar.]


Topic: Sciagraphy
Definition:
SCIAG'RAPHY, n.  [Gr. a shadow, and to describe.]
1.  The art of sketching or delineating.
2.  In architecture, the profile or section of a building to exhibit its interior structure.
3.  In astronomy, the art of finding the hour of the day or night by the shadows of objects, caused by the sun, moon or stars; the art of dialing.


Topic: Sciatical
Definition:
SCIAT'ICAL, a.  
1.  Pertaining to the hip; as the sciatic artery.
2.  Affecting the hip; as sciatic pains.


Topic: Science
Definition:
SCI'ENCE, n.  [L. scientia, from scio, to know.]
1.  In a general sense, knowledge, or certain knowledge; the comprehension or understanding of truth or facts by the mind.  The science of God must be perfect.
2.  In philosophy, a collection of the general principles or leading truths relating to any subject.  Pure science, as the mathematics, is built on self-evident truths; but the term science is also applied to other subjects founded on generally acknowledged truths, as metaphysics; or on experiment and observation, as chimistry and natural philosophy; or even to an assemblage of the general principles of an art, as the science of agriculture; the science of navigation.  Arts relate to practice, as painting and sculpture.
A principle in science is a rule in art.
3.  Art derived from precepts or built on principles.
Science perfects genius.
4.  Any art or species of knowledge.
No science doth make known the first principles on which it buildeth.
5.  One of the seven liberal branches of knowledge, viz grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music.
[Note - Authors have not always been careful to use the terms art and science with due discrimination and precision.  Music is an art as well as a science.  In general, an art is that which depends on practice or performance, and science that which depends on abstract or speculative principles.  The theory of music is a science; the practice of it an art.]


Topic: Scientifically
Definition:
SCIENTIF'ICALLY, adv.  
1.  In such a manner as to produce knowledge.
It is easier to believe, than to be scientifically instructed.
2.  According to the rules or principles of science.


Topic: Scillitin
Definition:
SCIL'LITIN, n.  [See Squill.]  a white transparent acrid substance, extracted from squills by Vogel.


Topic: Scintillate
Definition:
SCIN'TILLATE,  v.i.  [L. scintillo.  This word seems to be a diminutive formed on the Teutonic scinan, Eng. to shine.]
1.  To emit sparks or fine igneous particles.
Marbles do not scintillate with steel.
2.  to sparkle, as the fixed stars.


Topic: Sciolist
Definition:
SCI'OLIST, n.  [L. sciolus, a diminutive formed on scio, to know.]
One who knows little, or who knows many things superficially; a smatterer.
These passages in that book, were enough to humble the presumption of our modern sciolists, if their pride were not as great as their ignorance.


Topic: Scioptic
Definition:
SCIOP'TIC, a.  [Gr. shadow and to see.]
Pertaining to the camera obscura, or to the art of exhibiting images through a hole in a darkened room.
SCIOP'TIC, n.  A sphere or globe with a lens made to turn like the eye; used in experiments with the camera obscura.


Topic: Scioptics
Definition:
SCIOP'TICS, n.  The science of exhibiting images of external objects, received through a double convex glass into a darkened room.


Topic: Scirrous
Definition:
SCIR'ROUS, a.
1.  Indurated; hard; knotty; as a gland.
2.  Proceeding from scirrus; as scirrous affections; scirrous disease.


Topic: Scirrus
Definition:
SCIR'RUS, n.  [L. scirrus; Gr.]
In surgery and medicine, a hard tumor on any part of the body, usually proceeding from the induration of a gland, and often terminating in a cancer.


Topic: Sciscitation
Definition:
SCISCITA'TION, n.  [L. sciscitor, to inquire or demand.]
The act of inquiring; inquiry; demand.  [Little used.]


Topic: Scissible
Definition:
SCIS'SIBLE, a.  [L. scissus, scindo, to cut.]  Capable of being cut or divided by a sharp instrument; as scissible matter or bodies.


Topic: Scissile
Definition:
SCIS'SILE, a.  [L. scissilis, from scindo, to cut.]
That may be cut or divided by a sharp instrument.


Topic: Scission
Definition:
SCISSION, n.  sizh'on.  [L. scissio, scindo, to cut.]
The act of cutting or dividing by an edged instrument.


Topic: Scissors
Definition:
SCISSORS, n.  siz'zors, plu.  [L. scissor, from scindo, to cut, Gr.]
A cutting instrument resembling shears, but smaller, consisting of two cutting blades movable on a pin in the center, by which they are fastened.  Hence we usually say, a pair of scissors.


Topic: Scissure
Definition:
SCIS'SURE, n.  [L. scissura, from scindo, to cut.]
A longitudinal opening in a body, made by cutting.  [This cannot legitimately be a crack, rent or fissure.  In this use it may be an error of the press for fissure.


Topic: Scobs
Definition:
SCOBS, n.  [L. from scabo, to scrape.]  Raspings of ivory, hartshorn or other hard substance; dross of metals, &c.


Topic: Scoff
Definition:
SCOFF, v.i.  [Gr.  The primary sense is probably to throw.  But I do not find the word in the English and Greek sense, in any modern language except the English.]
To treat with insolent ridicule, mockery or contumelious language; to manifest contempt by derision; with at.  To scoff at religion and sacred things is evidence of extreme weakness and folly, as well as of wickedness.
They shall scoff at the kings.  Hab. 1.
SCOFF, v.t.  To treat with derision or scorn.
SCOFF, n.  Derision, ridicule, mockery or reproach, expressed in language of contempt; expression of scorn or contempt.
With scoffs and scorns and contumelious taunts.


Topic: Scoffer
Definition:
SCOFF'ER, n.  One who scoffs; one that mocks, derides or reproaches in the language of contempt; a scorner.
There shall come in the last days scoffers, walking after their own lusts, and saying, 'Where is the promise of his coming?'  2Peter 3.


Topic: Scoffingly
Definition:
SCOFF'INGLY, adv.  In mockery or contempt; by way of derision.
Aristotle applied this hemistich scoffingly to the sycophants at Athens.


Topic: Scold
Definition:
SCOLD, v.i.
To find fault or rail with rude clamor; to brawl; to utter railing or harsh, rude, boisterous rebuke; with at; as, to scold at a servant.  A scolding tongue, a scolding wife, a scolding husband, a scolding master, who can endure?
Pardon me, 'tis the first time that ever I'm forc'd to scold.
SCOLD, v.t.  To chide with rudeness and boisterous clamor; to rate.  [The transitive use of this word is of recent origin, at least within my knowledge.]
SCOLD, n. 
1.  A rude, clamorous, foul-mouthed woman.
Scolds answer foul-mouth'd scolds.
2.  A scolding; a brawl.


Topic: Scolding
Definition:
SCOLDING, ppr.  
1.  Railing with clamor; uttering rebuke in rude and boisterous language.
2.  a.  Given to scolding.
SCOLDING,  The uttering of rude, clamorous language by way of rebuke or railing; railing language.


Topic: Scollop
Definition:
SCOL'LOP, n.  
1.  A pectinated shell.  [See Scallop.]
2.  An indenting or cut like those of a shell.
SCOL'LOP, v.t.  To form or cut with scollops.


Topic: Scolopendra
Definition:
SCOLOPEN'DRA, n.  [Gr. ]  
1.  A  venomous serpent.
2.  A genus of insects of the order of Apters, destitute of wings.  These insects have as many feet on each side as there are segments in the body.  There are several species.
3.  A plant.  [L. scolopendrium.]


Topic: Scomm
Definition:
SCOMM, n. [L. scomma; Gr. See Scoff.]
1.  A buffoon.  [Not in use.]
2.  A flout; a jeer.  [Not in use.]


Topic: Sconce
Definition:
SCONCE, n.
1.  A fort or bulwark; a work for defense.  Obs.
2.  A hanging or projecting candlestick, generally with a mirror to reflect the light.
Golden sconces hang upon the walls.
3.  The circular tube with a brim in a candlestick, into which the candle is inserted, that is, the support, the holder of the candle; and from this sense the candlestick, in the preceding definition, has its name.
4.  A fixed seat or shelf.  [Local.] 
SCONCE, n.
1.  Sense; judgment; discretion or understanding.  This sense has been in vulgar use in New England within my memory.
2.  The head; a low word.
3.  A mulet or fine.
SCONCE, v.t.  To mulet; to fine.  [A low word and not in use.]


Topic: Scoop
Definition:
SCOOP, n.  
1.  A large ladle; a vessel with a long handle fastened to a dish, used for dipping liquors; also, a little hollow piece of wood for bailing boats.
2.  An instrument of surgery.
3.  A sweep; a stroke; a swoop.
SCOOP, v.t.
1.  To lade out; properly, to take out with a scoop or with a sweeping motion.
He scoop'd the water from the crystal flood.
2.  To empty by lading; as, he scooped it dry.
3.  To make hollow, as a scoop or dish; to excavate; as, the Indians scoop the trunk of a tree into a canoe.
Those carbuncles the Indians will scoop, so as to hold above a pint.
4.  To remove, so as to leave a place hollow.
A spectator would think this circular mount had been actually scooped out of that hollow space.


Topic: Scooped
Definition:
SCOOP'ED, pp.  Taken out as with a scoop or ladle; hollowed; excavated; removed so as to leave a hollow.


Topic: Scope
Definition:
SCOPE, n.  [L. scopus; Gr. from to see or view; Heb. to see, to behold]  The primary sense is to stretch or extend, to reach; properly, the whole extent, space or reach, hence the whole space viewed, and hence the limit or ultimate end.]
1.  Space; room; amplitude of intellectual view; as a free scope for inquiry; full scope for the fancy or imagination; ample scope for genius.
2.  The limit of intellectual view; the end or thing to which the mind directs its view; that which is purposed to be reached or accomplished; hence, ultimate design, aim or purpose; intention; drift.  It expresses both the purpose and thing purposed.
Your scope is as mine own, so to enforce and qualify the laws, as to your soul seems good.
The scope of all their pleading against man's authority, is to overthrow such laws and constitutions of the church -
3.  Liberty; freedom from restraint; room to move in.
4.  Liberty beyond just limits; license.
Give him line and scope.
5.  Act of riot; sally; excess.  Obs.
6.  Extended quantity; as a scope of land.  Obs.
7.  Length; extent; sweep; as scope of cable.


Topic: Scopiform
Definition:
SCO'PIFORM, a.  [L. scopa, a broom, and form.]  Having the form of a broom or besom.
Zeolite, stelliform or scopiform.


Topic: Scorbutically
Definition:
SCORBU'TICALLY, adv.  With the scurvy, or with a tendency to it; as a woman scorbutically affected.


Topic: Scorch
Definition:
SCORCH, v.t.
1.  To burn superficially; to subject to a degree of heat that changes the color of a thing, or both the color and texture of the surface.  Fire will scorch linen or cotton very speedily in extremely cold weather.
2.  To burn; to affect painfully with heat.  Scorched with the burning sun or burning sands of Africa.
SCORCH, v.i.  To be burnt on the surface; to be parched; to be dried up.
Scatter a little mungy straw and fern among your seedlings, to prevent the roots from scorching.


Topic: Score
Definition:
SCORE, n.
1.  A notch or incision; hence, the number twenty.  Our ancestors, before the knowledge of writing, numbered and kept accounts of numbers by cutting notches on a stick or tally, and making one notch the representative of twenty.  A simple mark answered the same purpose.
2.  A line drawn.
3.  An account or reckoning; as, he paid his score.
4.  An account kept of something past; an epoch; an era.
5.  Debt, or account of debt.
6.  Account; reason; motive.
But left the trade, as many more have lately done on the same score.
7.  Account; sake.
You act your kindness of Cydaria's score.
8.  In music, the original and entire draught of any composition, or its transcript.
To quit scores, to pay fully; to make even by giving an equivalent.
A song in score, the words with the musical notes of a song annexed.
SCORE, v.t.
1.  To notch; to cut and chip for the purpose of preparing for hewing; as, to score timber.
2.  To cut; to engrave.
3.  To mark by a line.
4.  To set down as a debt.
Madam, I know when, instead of five, you scored me ten.
5.  To set down or take as an account; to charge; as, to score follies.
6.  To form a score in music.


Topic: Scored
Definition:
SCO'RED, pp. Notched; set down; marked; prepared for hewing.
In botany, a scored stem is marked with parallel lines or grooves.


Topic: Scoria
Definition:
SCO'RIA, n.  [L. from the Gr. rejected matter, that which is thrown off.]
Dross; the recrement of metals in fusion, or the mass produced by melting metals and ores.


Topic: Scoriaceous
Definition:
SCORIA'CEOUS, a.  Pertaining to dross; like dross or the recrement of metals; partaking of the nature of scoria.


Topic: Scorification
Definition:
SCORIFICA'TION, n.  In metallurgy, the act or operation of reducing a body, either wholly or in part, into scoria.


Topic: Scorn
Definition:
SCORN, n.
1.  Extreme contempt; that disdain which springs from a person's opinion of the meanness of an object, and a consciousness or belief of his own superiority or worth.
He thought scorn to lay hands on Mordecai alone.  Esther 3.
Every sullen frown and bitter scorn but fann'd the fuel that too fast did burn.
2.  A subject of extreme contempt, disdain or derision; that which is treated with contempt.
Thou makest us a reproach to our neighbors, a scorn and a derision to them that are around us.  Ps. 44.
To think scorn, to disdain; to despise.  obs.
To laugh to scorn, to deride; to make a mock of; to ridicule as contemptible.
They laughed us to scorn.  Neh. 2.
SCORN, v.t.
1.  to hold in extreme contempt; to despise; to contemn; to disdain.  job. 16.
Surely he scorneth the scorner; but he giveth grace to the lowly.  Prov. 3.
2.  to think unworth; to disdain.
Fame that delights around the world to stray, scorns not to take our Argos in her way.
3.  To slight; to disregard; to neglect.
This my long suff'rance and my day of grace, those who neglect and scorn, shall never taste.

SCORN, v.i.  To scorn at, to scoff at; to treat with contumely, derision or reproach.  Obs.


Topic: Scorner
Definition:
SCORN'ER, n.
1.  One that scorns; a contemner; a despiser.
They are great scorners of death.
2.  A scoffer; a derider; in Scripture, one who scoffs at religion, its ordinances and teachers, and who makes a mock of sin and the judgments and threatenings of God against sinners.  Prov. 1.  Prov. 19.


Topic: Scornful
Definition:
SCORN'FUL, a.  
1.  Contemptuous; disdainful; entertaining scorn; insolent.
Th' enamor'd deity the scornful damsel shuns.
2.  Acting in defiance or disregard.
Scornful of winter's frost and summer's sun.
3.  In Scripture, holding religion in contempt; treating with disdain religion and the dispensations of God.


Topic: Scornfully
Definition:
SCORN'FULLY, adv.  With extreme contempt; contemptuously; insolently.
The sacred rights of the christian church are scornfully trampled on in print -


Topic: Scorning
Definition:
SCORN'ING, ppr.  Holding in great contempt; despising; disdaining.
SCORN'ING, n.  The act of contemning; a treating with contempt, slight or disdain.
How long will the scorners delight in their scorning?  
Prov. 1.  Ps. 123.


Topic: Scorpion
Definition:
SCOR'PION, n.  [L. scorpio; Gr. probably altered from the Oriental.]
1.  In zoology, an insect of the genus Scorpio, or rather the genus itself, containing several species, natives of southern or warm climates.  This animal has eight feet, two claws in front, eight eyes, three on each side of the thorax and two on the back, and a long jointed tail ending in a pointed weapon or sting.  It is found in the south of Europe, where it seldom exceeds four inches in length.  In tropical climates, it grows to a foot in length, and resembles a lobster.  The sting of this animal is sometimes fatal to life.
2.  In Scripture, a painful scourge; a kind of whip armed with points like a scorpion's tail.  1Kings 12.
Malicious and crafty men, who delight in injuring others, are compared to scorpions.  Ezek. 2.
3.  In astronomy, the eighth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters, Oct. 23.
4.  A sea fish.  [L. scorpius.]
Water scorpion, an aquatic insect of the genus Nepa.


Topic: Scorpion-fly
Definition:
SCOR'PION-FLY, n.  An insect of the genus Panorna, having a tail which resembles that of a scorpion.


Topic: Scorse
Definition:
SCORSE, n.  [L. ex and cursus.]  A course or dealing; barter.  Obs.
SCORSE, v.t.
1.  To chase.  Obs.
2.  To barter or exchange.  Obs.
SCORSE, v.i.  To deal for the purchase of a horse.  Obs.


Topic: Scotch
Definition:
SCOTCH, v.t.
To support, as a wheel, by placing some obstacle to prevent its rolling.  Our wagoners and cartmen scot the wheels of their wagons and carts, when in ascending a hill they stop to give their team rest, or for other purpose.  In Connecticut, I have generally heard this word pronounced scot, in Massachusetts, scotch.


Topic: Scotia
Definition:
SCO'TIA, n.  In architecture, a semicircular cavity or channel between the tores in the bases of columns.


Topic: Scotomy
Definition:
SCOT'OMY, n.  [Gr. vertigo, from to darken.]
Dizziness or swimming of the head, with dimness of sight.


Topic: Scottering
Definition:
SCOT'TERING, n.  A provincial word in Herefordshire, England, denoting the burning of a wad of pease straw at the end of harvest.


Topic: Scottish
Definition:
SCOT'TISH, a.  Pertaining to the inhabitants of Scotland, or to their country or language; as Scottish industry or economy; a Scotish chief; the Scottish dialect.


Topic: Scoundrel
Definition:
SCOUN'DREL, n.  [L. abscondo. ]
A mean, worthless fellow; a rascal; a low petty villain; a man without honor or virtue.
Go, if your ancient but ignoble blood has crept through scoundrels ever since the flood.
SCOUN'DREL, a.  Low; base; mean; unprincipled.


Topic: Scour
Definition:
SCOUR, v.t.
1.  To rub hard with something rough, for the purpose of cleaning; as, to scour a kettle; to scour a musket; to scour armor.
2.  To clean by friction; to make clean or bright.
3.  To purge violently.
4.  To remove by scouring.
Never came reformation in a flood with such a heady current, scouring faults.
5.  To range about for taking all that can be found; as, to scour the sea of pirates.
6.  To pass swiftly over; to brush along; as, to scour the coast.
Not so when swift Camilla scours the plain.
SCOUR, v.i.
1.  To perform the business of cleaning vessels by rubbing.
2.  To clean.
Warm water is softer than cold, for it scoureth better.
3.  To be purged to excess.
4.  To rove or range for sweeping or taking something.
Barbarossa, thus scouring along the coast of Italy -
5.  To run with celerity; to scamper.
So four fierce coursers, starting to the race, scour through the plain, and lengthen every pace.


Topic: Scoured
Definition:
SCOUR'ED, pp.  Rubbed with something rough, or made clean by rubbing; severely purged; brushed along.


Topic: Scourer
Definition:
SCOUR'ER, n.
1.  One that scours or cleans by rubbing.
2.  A drastic cathartic.
3.  One that runs with speed.


Topic: Scourge
Definition:
SCOURGE, n. skurj.  [L. corriggia, from corrigo, to straighten.]
1.  To whip; a lash consisting of a strap or cord; an instrument of punishment or discipline.
A scourge of small cords.  John 2.
2.  A punishment; vindictive affliction.
Famine and plague are sent as scourges for amendment.  
3.  He or that which greatly afflicts, harasses or destroys; particularly, any continued evil or calamity.  Attila was called the scourge of God, for the miseries he inflicted in his conquests.  Slavery is a terrible scourge.
4.  A whip for a top.
SCOURGE, v.t. skurj.
1.  To whip severely; to lash.
It is lawful for you to scourge a man that is a Roman?  
Acts 22.
2.  To punish with severity; to chastise; to afflict for sins or faults, and with the purpose of correction.
He will scourge us for our iniquities, and will have mercy again.
Whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth.  Heb. 12.
3.  To afflict greatly; to harass, torment or injure.


Topic: Scouring
Definition:
SCOUR'ING, ppr.  Rubbing hard with something rough; cleaning by rubbing; cleansing with a drastic cathartic; ranging over for clearing.
SCOUR'ING, n.  A rubbing hard for cleaning; a cleansing by a drastic purge; looseness; flux.


Topic: Scout
Definition:
SCOUT, n.  [L. ausculto, culto, colo; Gr. the ear.]
1.  In military affairs, a person sent before an army, or to a distance, for the  purpose of observing the motions of an enemy or discovering any danger, and giving notice to the general.  Horsemen are generally employed as scouts.
2.  A high rock.  [Not in use.]
SCOUT, v.i.  To go on the business of watching the motions of an enemy; to act as a scout.
With obscure wing scout far and wide into the realm of night.
SCOUT, v.t.
To sneer at; to treat with disdain and contempt.  [This word is in good use in America.]


